Abstract: A condensate water drain control system for fuel cells includes a fuel cell stack configured to generate electric power through chemical reaction, a fuel supply line configured to recirculate fuel discharged from the fuel cell stack together with fuel introduced from a fuel supply valve, a water trap located in the fuel supply line, the water trap being configured to collect condensate water discharged from the fuel cell stack, a drain valve configured to discharge the condensate water stored in the water trap to the outside when opened, and a drain controller configured to determine whether the fuel supply valve is controlled such that pressure in the fuel supply line is maintained before the drain valve is opened and to sense discharge of fuel from the fuel supply line through the drain valve upon determining that the pressure is maintained.

Abstract: An airbag driving apparatus for a vehicle may include: a first acceleration sensor configured to sense acceleration of a vehicle; a collision sensor configured to sense an impact applied to the vehicle; an airbag controller configured to receive a first acceleration value and an impact value from the first acceleration sensor and the collision sensor, determine a collision state of the vehicle, and transmit an ignition command for driving an airbag; and a driving controller comprising a second acceleration sensor installed therein to sense the acceleration of the vehicle, and configured to determine a deployment possibility of the airbag based on a second acceleration value of the second acceleration sensor, receive the ignition command from the airbag controller, and output an airbag deployment signal to the airbag.

Abstract: A brake disk includes a basic material formed of gray cast iron, a decarburized layer formed on the basic material and formed via decarburizing, and a nitride compound layer formed on the decarburized layer and formed via nitriding of a nitride. A method of manufacturing a brake disk includes preparing a disk formed of gray cast iron, performing heat treatment of the disk to form a pre-decarburized layer and a base layer of gray cast iron over which the pre-decarburized layer is formed, and nitriding a portion of the pre-decarburized layer to form a nitride compound layer including a nitride and a decarburized layer over which the nitride compound layer is formed.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling hydrogen purging of a fuel cell are provided. The method includes calculating a hydrogen supply amount and estimating a hydrogen consumption amount. An estimated hydrogen concentration is then corrected when a difference between the calculated hydrogen supply amount and the estimated hydrogen use amount is greater than a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: A pinhole determination method for a fuel cell includes steps of blocking air supply to a fuel cell stack by a controller; measuring a cell voltage value of each of unit fuel cells of the fuel cell stack; and determining whether or not a pinhole is present by comparing the cell voltage value with an average cell voltage value.

Abstract: Disclosed are a deterioration estimation system for the fuel cell, a hydrogen supply system for a fuel cell including the same, and a hydrogen supply method for a fuel cell, the deterioration estimation system including a fuel cell which receives hydrogen gas and oxidizing gas respectively supplied to an anode side and a cathode side thereof to generate electrical power, a hydrogen supply line which is connected to the anode side of the fuel cell and supplies gas containing hydrogen gas to the fuel cell, a hydrogen supply valve which is located between the hydrogen supply line and a hydrogen tank, supplies, when opened, hydrogen gas stored in the hydrogen tank to the hydrogen supply line, and blocks the supply of the hydrogen gas when closed, and a deterioration estimating unit which estimates the deterioration state of the fuel cell, based on the opening and closing control of the hydrogen supply valve or a change in the pressure in the hydrogen supply line.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for determining a hydrogen supply failure of a fuel cell, the system including: a fuel cell, a plurality of hydrogen tanks having hydrogen, a hydrogen supply line connected to the hydrogen tanks and supplying hydrogen from the hydrogen tanks to the fuel cell, a plurality of tank valves mounted on the hydrogen tanks, respectively, and discharging hydrogen in the hydrogen tanks to the hydrogen supply line when opening, a pressure sensor sensing pressure in the hydrogen supply line, and a determiner determining poor opening of the hydrogen tanks on the basis of pressure information sensed by the pressure sensor.

Abstract: A composition of a copper alloy for a laser cladding valve sheet is disclosed. The copper alloy includes a matrix structure and a hard phase, which includes 12 to 24 wt % of Ni, 2 to 4 wt % of Si, 8 to 30 wt % of Fe, more than 5 wt % and less than 10 wt % of Mo, 2 to 10 wt % of Al, and the balance Cu. The interfacial delamination may be suppressed in a fatigue environment by micronizing the hard phase and the distribution thereof, thereby improving fatigue resistance and wear resistance.

Abstract: A method of estimating hydrogen crossover loss of a fuel cell system including a stack for producing power through a reaction of hydrogen serving as fuel and air serving as an oxidizer includes driving the fuel cell system; estimating a hydrogen crossover rate right after a channel of an anode is purged; determining whether a cell voltage of a fuel cell is normal; and comparing the estimated hydrogen crossover rate with a predetermined reference value based on a result of the determining of whether the cell voltage of the fuel cell is normal to determine whether a pinhole or leakage occurs. Accordingly, whether a pinhole or leakage occurs in the fuel cell system may be more effectively sensed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating cancer, containing cytochrome b5 reductase 3 (CYB5R3) protein as an active ingredient. Over-expression of CYB5R3 in cancer cells results in significant reduction of hypoxia-inducible factor-1? (HIF-1?) expression, which leads inhibition of cancer cells growth in vitro and in vivo. Thus, the CYB5R3 gene or protein of the present invention can be useful as an active ingredient of a pharmaceutical composition for treating cancer.

Abstract: A method for removing residual water in a fuel cell stack includes: blocking, by an air compressor, air supply to a fuel cell stack upon shutting down of fuel cell; measuring a cell voltage of the fuel cell stack while the air supply is blocked; estimating an amount of residual water in the fuel cell stack based on the measured cell voltage of the fuel cell stack; and removing, by a driving controller, the residual water in the fuel cell stack by driving the air compressor based on the estimated amount of water.

Abstract: A system for estimating a concentration of hydrogen in a fuel cell is provided. The system includes a hydrogen supply line supplying the hydrogen to the fuel cell and a time measurement sensor measuring a time duration from a point in time when an operation of the fuel cell ends to a point in time when the fuel cell restarts. A controller estimates an amount of air introduced into the fuel cell during the time duration using the measured time duration and estimates a concentration of hydrogen in the hydrogen supply line at the time of restarting the fuel cell based on the measured time duration and the estimated amount of introduced air.

Abstract: A system for estimating purge of a fuel cell includes the fuel cell for generating power by receiving hydrogen at an anode side, and receiving oxygen at a cathode side, a recirculation line connected with the anode side of the fuel cell, and in which gas containing hydrogen therein is circulated, a purge valve positioned in the recirculation line, and for discharging the gas in the recirculation line to outside as the purge valve is opened, a differential pressure calculator for calculating a differential pressure between a front end and a rear end of the purge valve, a speed estimator for estimating a current gas diffusion speed in the recirculation line, and a purge amount estimator for estimating the amount of purge through the purge valve by using the differential pressure calculated by the differential pressure calculator and the gas diffusion speed estimated by the speed estimator.

Abstract: A system for estimating the amount of purge of a fuel cell is provided. The system includes a fuel cell that generates power by receiving hydrogen at an anode side and receives oxygen at a cathode side. A recirculation line is connected with the anode side of the fuel cell, and the gas included hydrogen therein is circulated in the recirculation line. A flow amount estimator estimates the flow amount of gas inside the recirculation line. A purge valve is positioned in the recirculation line and discharges the gas in the recirculation line to the outside when opened. A purge amount estimator estimates the amount of purge for each gas discharged through the purge valve by reflecting the flow amount of the gas estimated by the flow amount estimator.

Abstract: A method of controlling hydrogen concentration of a fuel cell includes calculating hydrogen or nitrogen concentration of gas stored in a fuel tank; estimating hydrogen or nitrogen concentration at an anode of the fuel cell based on the calculated hydrogen or nitrogen concentration of the gas; and controlling a hydrogen supply unit based on the estimated hydrogen or nitrogen concentration at the anode such that the hydrogen or nitrogen concentration at the anode follows desired hydrogen concentration or desired nitrogen concentration.

Abstract: A control method for driving of a fuel cell is provided. The method includes determining whether power generation of the fuel cell is stopped and when the power generation of the fuel cell is stopped, monitoring voltages of multiple unit cells included in the fuel cell. A degree of defect of the unit cells is determined based on the monitored voltages of the unit cells.

Abstract: A method for estimating a hydrogen concentration of a fuel cell includes estimating an initial amount of gas included at an anode side of a fuel cell, calculating a crossed over amount of gas between the anode side and a cathode side of the fuel cell and an amount of gas purged from the anode side to the outside from time when an initial amount of gas is predicted to a present time, and estimating a current hydrogen concentration at the anode side based on the predicted initial amount of gas, the calculated amount of crossed over gas, and the amount of purged gas.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling operation of a fuel cell are provided. The method includes estimating an effective catalyst amount within a fuel cell stack and monitoring a change in the estimated effective catalyst amount according to time. An irreversible degradation state of the fuel cell stack is determined based on the monitored change in the estimated effective catalyst amount.

Abstract: A water discharge control system and method for a fuel cell are provided. The water discharge control system includes a fuel cell stack that generates power through an internal chemical reaction, a fuel supply line that recirculates fuel discharged from the fuel cell stack and supplies the fuel to the fuel cell stack, and a water trap that is disposed in the fuel supply line to store water generated in the fuel cell stack. A drain valve is disposed in an outlet port of the water trap to block discharge of the water stored in the water trap to the outside when closed. A drain controller determines whether fuel in the fuel supply line is being discharged through the outlet port when the drain valve is in an open state and closes the drain valve upon determining that fuel is being discharged.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a steel composition with improvement in tensile strength and fatigue life, which can be used for a vehicle part such as a vehicle suspension system.