Abstract: This invention relates to preparation of micro emulsions having a controlled size. It provides methods, measures, apparatus and products produced by the methods. The method is particularly suitable for preparing micro emulsions of water containing one or more ionic species in an oil and/or dense fluid phase such as CO2 containing fluids under near or supercritical conditions, thereby enabling the use of said dense fluids as solvents for extraction of ionic species, as nano-reactor templates and/or as a carrier for further processing such as deposition on a solid material and/or in a process for producing fine particles, such as particles in the nano- or micrometer range.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing a nano-sized material such as in the form of a colloidal suspension of nano-sized particles and/or as a coating and/or as a thin film comprised by such nano-sized particles on the surface of a substrate. The invention also relates to an apparatus for carrying out the method according to the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for converting organic material into a burnable substance, typically a hydrocarbon fuel, such as ethanol.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved method of manufacturing a compound having a sub-micron primary particle size such as a metal compound such as metal oxides, metaloxy hydroxides metal hydroxides, metal carbides, metal nitrides, metal carbonitrides, metal borides, electroceramics and other such compound, said method comprising the steps of: introducing a solid reactor filling material in a reactor, introducing a metal-containing precursor, a semi-metal-containing precursor, a metal-containing oxide or a semi-metal-containing oxide in said reactor, introducing a reactant or a substitution source into the said reactor, and introducing a supercritical solvent into the said reactor. These steps result in the formation of said compound in the proximity of the said solid reactor filling material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for transferring mass between a flow of a first fluid, preferably a gas phase such as a combustion flue gas, and a flow of a second fluid, preferably a liquid phase, where the first fluid is contacted with the outer surface of porous (semi-permeable) membranes, e.g. polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Teflon ®) membranes, in the form of hollow fibres having gas-containing pores and contacting the second fluid with the inner surface of the membranes. Useful membranes are characterized in that they e.g. have a porosity (&egr;) of at least 0.50, a mass transfer coefficient of e.g. at least 3 cm/s, and a tortuosity factor of e.g. at the most 1.4/&egr; when the porosity &egr; is lower than 0.80 and at the most 1.3/&egr; when the porosity &egr; is 0.80 or higher. The membranes may also be arranged in hollow tubular members where the mass transfer coefficient of the membranes is at least one tenth of the mass transfer coefficient of the gas phase.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for transferring mass between a flow of a first fluid, preferably a gas phase such as a combustion flue gas, and flow of a second fluid, preferably a liquid phase, where the first fluid is contacted with the outer surface of porous (semi-permeable) membranes, e.g. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Teflon®) membranes, in the form of hollow fibers having gas-containing pores and containing the second fluid with the inner surface of the membranes. Useful membranes are characterized in that they e.g. have a porosity (&egr;) of at least 0.50, a mass transfer coefficient of e.g. at least 3 cm/s, and a tortuosity factor of e.g. at the most 1.4/&egr; when the porosity &egr; is lower than 0.80 and at the most 1.3/&egr; when the porosity &egr; is 0.80 or higher. The membranes may also be arranged in hollow tubular members where the mass transfer coefficient of the membranes is at least on tenth of the mass transfer coefficient of the gas phase.