Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for combined angle- and wavelength multiplexing in holographic optical elements (“HOE”) are described. An angle- and wavelength-multiplexed HOE includes multiple angle-multiplexed sets of wavelength-multiplexed holograms. Each set of wavelength-multiplexed holograms includes at least two holograms that are each responsive to a different wavelength of light. Each angle-multiplexed set of wavelength-multiplexed holograms includes a respective set of wavelength-multiplexed holograms that are all responsive to light that is incident thereon with and angle of incidence that is within a particular range. An example application is described in which an angle- and wavelength-multiplexed HOE is used as a holographic combiner in a wearable heads-up display, where angle-multiplexing provides multiple spatially-separated exit pupils in the eyebox of the display and wavelength-multiplexing provides multiple colors to each respective exit pupil.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for transparent displays that are well-suited for use in wearable heads-up displays are described. Such transparent displays include one or more scanning projector(s) that is/are mounted on or proximate the lens portion(s) thereof, directly in the field of view of the user. Each scanning projector includes a respective light source that sequentially generates pixels or other discrete portions of an image and a respective dynamic optical beam-steerer that controllably steers the modulated light directly towards select regions of the eye of the user. Successive portions of the image are generated in rapid succession until the entire image is displayed to the user by projection directly onto the eye of the user from one or more point(s) within the user's field of view.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods that integrate eye tracking capability into scanning laser projector (“SLP”)-based wearable heads-up displays are described. An infrared laser diode is added to an RGB SLP and an infrared photodetector is aligned to detect reflections of the infrared light from features of the eye. A holographic optical element (“HOE”) may be used to combine visible light, infrared light, and environmental light into the user's “field of view.” The HOE may be heterogeneous and multiplexed to apply positive optical power to the visible light and zero or negative optical power to the infrared light.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for holographic optical elements are described. A holographic optical element includes a first layer of holographic material and a second layer of holographic material. The first layer of holographic material includes a first hologram responsive to light in a first waveband and a second hologram responsive to light in a second waveband. The second layer of holographic material includes a third hologram responsive to light in a third waveband and may include a fourth hologram responsive to light in a fourth waveband. The first, second, third, and fourth wavebands are distinct and may comprise light of red, blue, green, and infrared wavelengths, respectively. Distribution of the three or four holograms on two layers of holographic material allows each hologram to have an index modulation of greater than 0.016, a diffraction efficiency of greater than 15%, and an angular bandwidth of greater than 12°.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for holographic optical elements are described. A holographic optical element includes a first layer of holographic material and a second layer of holographic material. The first layer of holographic material includes a first hologram responsive to light in a first waveband and a second hologram responsive to light in a second waveband. The second layer of holographic material includes a third hologram responsive to light in a third waveband and may include a fourth hologram responsive to light in a fourth waveband. The first, second, third, and fourth wavebands are distinct and may comprise light of red, blue, green, and infrared wavelengths, respectively. Distribution of the three or four holograms on two layers of holographic material allows each hologram to have an index modulation of greater than 0.016, a diffraction efficiency of greater than 15%, and an angular bandwidth of greater than 12°.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for holographic optical elements are described. A holographic optical element includes a first layer of holographic material and a second layer of holographic material. The first layer of holographic material includes a first hologram responsive to light in a first waveband and a second hologram responsive to light in a second waveband. The second layer of holographic material includes a third hologram responsive to light in a third waveband and may include a fourth hologram responsive to light in a fourth waveband. The first, second, third, and fourth wavebands are distinct and may comprise light of red, blue, green, and infrared wavelengths, respectively. Distribution of the three or four holograms on two layers of holographic material allows each hologram to have an index modulation of greater than 0.016, a diffraction efficiency of greater than 15%, and an angular bandwidth of greater than 12°.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for eyebox expansion by exit pupil replication in scanning laser-based wearable heads-up displays (“WHUDs”) are described. The WHUDs described herein each include a scanning laser projector (“SLP”), a holographic combiner, and an optical replicator positioned in the optical path therebetween. For each light signal generated by the SLP, the optical replicator receives the light signal and redirects each one of N>1 instances of the light signal towards the holographic combiner effectively from a respective one of N spatially-separated virtual positions for the SLP. The holographic combiner converges each one of the N instances of the light signal to a respective one of N spatially-separated exit pupils at the eye of the user. In this way, multiple instances of the exit pupil are distributed over the area of the eye and the eyebox of the WHUD is expanded.

Abstract: A method and system for programming, calibrating and driving a light emitting device display, and for operating a display at a constant luminance even as some of the pixels in the display are degraded over time. The system may include extracting a time dependent parameter of a pixel for calibration. Each pixel in the display is configured to emit light when a voltage is supplied to the pixel's driving circuit, which causes a current to flow through a light emitting element. Degraded pixels are compensated by supplying their respective driving circuits with greater voltages. The display data is scaled by a compression factor less than one to reserve some voltage levels for compensating degraded pixels. As pixels become more degraded, and require additional compensation, the compression factor is decreased to reserve additional voltage levels for use in compensation.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for eyebox expansion by exit pupil replication in scanning laser-based wearable heads-up displays (“WHUDs”) are described. The WHUDs described herein each include a scanning laser projector (“SLP”), a holographic combiner, and an optical replicator positioned in the optical path therebetween. For each light signal generated by the SLP, the optical replicator receives the light signal and redirects each one of N>1 instances of the light signal towards the holographic combiner effectively from a respective one of N spatially-separated virtual positions for the SLP. The holographic combiner converges each one of the N instances of the light signal to a respective one of N spatially-separated exit pupils at the eye of the user. In this way, multiple instances of the exit pupil are distributed over the area of the eye and the eyebox of the WHUD is expanded.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods that implement waveguides in curved transparent combiners that are well-suited for use in wearable heads-up displays (WHUDs) are described. Waveguide structures with in-couplers and out-couplers are integrated with curved eyeglass lenses to provide transparent combiners that substantially match the shape, size, and geometry of conventional eyeglass lenses and can, in some implementations, embody prescription curvatures to serve as prescription eyeglass lenses. The waveguides and in-/out-couplers are planar or curved depending on the implementation. WHUDs that employ such curved transparent combiners are also described.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods that implement waveguides in curved transparent combiners that are well-suited for use in wearable heads-up displays (WHUDs) are described. Waveguide structures with in-couplers and out-couplers are integrated with curved eyeglass lenses to provide transparent combiners that substantially match the shape, size, and geometry of conventional eyeglass lenses and can, in some implementations, embody prescription curvatures to serve as prescription eyeglass lenses. The waveguides and in-/out-couplers are planar or curved depending on the implementation. WHUDs that employ such curved transparent combiners are also described.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods that implement waveguides in curved transparent combiners that are well-suited for use in wearable heads-up displays (WHUDs) are described. Waveguide structures with in-couplers and out-couplers are integrated with curved eyeglass lenses to provide transparent combiners that substantially match the shape, size, and geometry of conventional eyeglass lenses and can, in some implementations, embody prescription curvatures to serve as prescription eyeglass lenses. The waveguides and in-/out-couplers are planar or curved depending on the implementation. WHUDs that employ such curved transparent combiners are also described.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods that implement waveguides in curved transparent combiners that are well-suited for use in wearable heads-up displays (WHUDs) are described. Waveguide structures with in-couplers and out-couplers are integrated with curved eyeglass lenses to provide transparent combiners that substantially match the shape, size, and geometry of conventional eyeglass lenses and can, in some implementations, embody prescription curvatures to serve as prescription eyeglass lenses. The waveguides and in-/out-couplers are planar or curved depending on the implementation. WHUDs that employ such curved transparent combiners are also described.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods that implement waveguides in curved transparent combiners that are well-suited for use in wearable heads-up displays (WHUDs) are described. Waveguide structures with in-couplers and out-couplers are integrated with curved eyeglass lenses to provide transparent combiners that substantially match the shape, size, and geometry of conventional eyeglass lenses and can, in some implementations, embody prescription curvatures to serve as prescription eyeglass lenses. The waveguides and in-/out-couplers are planar or curved depending on the implementation. WHUDs that employ such curved transparent combiners are also described.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods that integrate eye tracking capability into scanning laser projector (“SLP”)-based wearable heads-up displays are described. At least one narrow waveband laser diode is used in an SLP to define one or more portion(s) of a visible image. At least one corresponding narrow waveband photodetector is aligned to detect reflections of the portion(s) of the image from features of the eye. A holographic optical element (“HOE”) may be used to combine the image and environmental light into the user's “field of view.” Three narrow waveband photodetectors each responsive to a respective one of three narrow wavebands output by the RGB laser diodes of an RGB SLP are aligned to detect reflections of a projected RGB image from features of the eye.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods that integrate eye tracking capability into scanning laser projector (“SLP”)-based wearable heads-up displays are described. An infrared laser diode is added to an RGB SLP and an infrared photodetector is aligned to detect reflections of the infrared light from features of the eye. A holographic optical element (“HOE”) may be used to combine visible light, infrared light, and environmental light into the user's “field of view.” The HOE may be heterogeneous and multiplexed to apply positive optical power to the visible light and zero or negative optical power to the infrared light.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods that integrate eye tracking capability into scanning laser projector (“SLP”)-based wearable heads-up displays are described. At least one narrow waveband laser diode is used in an SLP to define one or more portion(s) of a visible image. At least one corresponding narrow waveband photodetector is aligned to detect reflections of the portion(s) of the image from features of the eye. A holographic optical element (“HOE”) may be used to combine the image and environmental light into the user's “field of view.” Three narrow waveband photodetectors each responsive to a respective one of three narrow wavebands output by the RGB laser diodes of an RGB SLP are aligned to detect reflections of a projected RGB image from features of the eye.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for eyebox expansion by exit pupil replication in wearable heads-up displays (“WHUDs”) are described. A WHUD includes a scanning laser projector (“SLP”), a holographic combiner, and an optical splitter positioned in the optical path therebetween. The optical splitter receives light signals generated by the SLP and separates the light signals into N sub-ranges based on the point of incidence of each light signal at the optical splitter. The optical splitter redirects the light signals corresponding to respective ones of the N sub-ranges towards the holographic combiner effectively from respective ones of N spatially-separated virtual positions for the SLP. The holographic combiner converges the light signals to respective ones of N spatially-separated exit pupils at the eye of the user. In this way, multiple instances of the exit pupil are distributed over the area of the eye and the eyebox of the WHUD is expanded.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for transparent displays that are well-suited for use in wearable heads-up displays are described. Such transparent displays include a light source that sequentially generates pixels or other discrete portions of an image. Respective modulated light signals corresponding to the respective pixels/portions are sequentially directed towards at least one dynamic reflector positioned on a lens of the transparent display within the user's field of view. The dynamic reflector (such as a MEMS-based digital micromirror) scans the modulated light signals directly over the user's eye and into the user's field of view. Successive portions of the image are generated in rapid succession until the entire image is displayed to the user.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method for message-thread management with a messaging client is provided. The method may include receiving a message-thread containing a signature and a body, with the signature including a composite identifier which may include a thread identifier, a tangent identifier, a sender identifier, a depth-level identifier, and a unique message identifier, determining that message-thread content is missing from the message-thread, sending a broadcast message using a peer-to-peer protocol requesting the missing message-thread content, and receiving the missing message-thread content via the peer-to-peer protocol. The message client may include a peer-to-peer communication protocol manager for handling the peer-to-peer protocol.