Abstract: There are internal combustion engines with at least one cylinder and a reciprocating piston that can be moved in this cylinder, with a cylinder head associated with the cylinder, with a direct injector, and optionally with an electric spark plug, and with a device that is disposed in a stationary fashion on or in the cylinder head and is for absorbing electrical energy so that a surface of the device can be heated and used to at least partially vaporize fuel and at least partially for encouraging the ignition of the fuel/air mixture, particularly when the relevant internal combustion engine needs to be started, for example when cold.

Abstract: A fuel-injection system for internal combustion engines has at least one fuel injector injecting fuel into a combustion chamber, which is delimited by a cylinder wall in which a piston is guided. A spark plug projects into the combustion chamber, and the fuel injector is located in the combustion chamber in the region of a gas-intake valve toward the cylinder wall. The fuel injector produces a plurality of fuel jets at least one of these fuel jets being tangentially oriented to the region of the spark plug.

Abstract: A fuel injection system (1) for internal combustion engines includes a fuel injector (10) which has a spray-orifice plate through which fuel is injected into a combustion chamber (2). The combustion chamber (2) is bounded by a cylinder wall (3). A piston (6) is guided in the cylinder wall (3), and a spark plug (7) projects into the combustion chamber (2). The diameters of injection orifices positioned on the spray-orifice disk are distributed such that, at a particular point of injection, the injected fuel is distributed as homogenously as possible in an injection volume (23) of the combustion chamber (2), bounded by the piston (6) and the cylinder wall (3).

Abstract: A method and device for analyzing and quantifying flows for the three-dimensional determination of flow velocity components or the visualization of flows in fluids or gases. An illuminating device generates electromagnetic radiation of a predefined color to scan a detection space in the form of light planes arranged spatially one behind the other that are at least roughly parallel, and that are generated temporally one after the other. As a result, electromagnetic waves are generated in the detection space by particles characterizing the flow, and are detected using at least one image detector which records two-dimensional color images. The frequency, frequency spectrum, and/or intensity detected by at the least one of the image detectors is changed by an as a function of time.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for internal combustion engines comprises a fuel injector that injects fuel into a combustion chamber, the combustion chamber being delimited by a cylinder wall in which a piston is guided, and a spark plug that protrudes into combustion chamber. The fuel injector produces a conical mixture cloud in the combustion chamber through at least one row of injection orifices arranged circumferentially on a valve body of the fuel injector. The valve body also provides a centrally arranged injection orifice that produces a central area of the mixture cloud directed towards the spark plug.

Abstract: A method and a device suitable for carrying out the method are proposed for analyzing and quantifying flows, in particular for the three-dimensional determination of flow velocity components or the three-dimensional visualization of flows in fluids or gases. For this purpose, electromagnetic waves, especially light, are detected, which at least partially emanate from or are scattered by particles that are contained in the detection space and that characterize the flow to be analyzed, the waves being detected using at least one detection device, in the form of two-dimensional images that are recorded in a frequency-selective or frequency-band-selective manner, from which the flow is determined. The illuminating device for this purpose generates at least two, at least approximately parallel light sheets, arranged in spatial succession, generated in temporal succession, having electromagnetic waves of different frequencies or different frequency spectrums, which scan the detection space at least in areas.

Abstract: A fuel injector, in particular, an injector for fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines, having an actuator, which cooperates with a valve needle (34, 51, 73), has a first valve closure member (35, 52) that is arranged on the valve needle (34, 51, 73), the valve closure member cooperating with a first valve seat surface (33, 53) on a valve body (32, 50) forming a first sealing seat (36, 54). A second valve closure member (38, 55, 75) cooperates with a second valve seat surface (40, 56) in the valve seat body (32, 50) forming a second sealing seat (41, 57). The valve needle (34, 51, 73), or the first valve closure member (35, 52), has a limit stop, against which, after a partial stroke (h1) of the valve needle (34, 51, 73), a counter limit stop of the second valve closure member (38, 55, 75) strikes, lifting the second valve closure member (38, 55, 75) from the second sealing seat (41, 57) in response to a further stroke of the valve needle (34, 51, 73).

Abstract: A fuel injection system for internal combustion engines comprises a fuel injector that injects fuel into a combustion chamber, the combustion chamber being delimited by a cylinder wall in which a piston is guided, and a spark plug that protrudes into combustion chamber. The fuel injector produces a conical mixture cloud in the combustion chamber through at least one row of injection orifices arranged circumferentially on a valve body of the fuel injector. The valve body also provides a centrally arranged injection orifice that produces a central area of the mixture cloud directed towards the spark plug.

Abstract: A fuel injection system (1) for internal combustion engines has at least one fuel injector (7) which injects fuel into a combustion chamber (6) delimited by a cylinder wall (2) in which a piston (3) is guided, and it has a spark plug (8) which protrudes into the combustion space (6), and the fuel injector (7) is designed so that a conical spray jet (13) is produced in the combustion chamber (6). The conical spray jet (13) has an angle cutout (17) in the area of the spark plug (8).

Abstract: A method for analyzing and quantifying flows is proposed, in particular for the three-dimensional determination of flow velocity components or the visualization of flows in fluids or gases, along with a device suitable for this purpose. In this context, using an illuminating device (12) electromagnetic radiation, in particular, of a predefined color, is generated, using which then a detection space (25) is scanned in the form of light planes (19, 18, 17, 20, 21, 22) that are arranged spatially one behind the other, that are at least roughly parallel, and that are generated temporally one after the other. The electromagnetic radiation in the detection space (25) has the result that electromagnetic waves are generated there by particles characterizing the flow, the waves being detected subsequently using at least one image detector (16) in the form of two-dimensional, in particular color images.

Abstract: A perforated disk has a complete passage for a fluid and composed of an inlet opening, outlet openings, and at least one cavity positioned between them. The at least three functional plates of the perforated disk, each of which has a characteristic opening structure, are applied onto one another by electrodeposition (multilayer electroplating) so that the perforated disk is composed of a single piece. Gas supply openings through which a gas can be supplied in the direction of the fluid to be sprayed are located in the lower functional plate, thus providing very fine atomization of the fluid. The outlet openings are part of the gas supply openings. The perforated disk is especially suitable for use in injection valves for mixture-compressing internal combustion engines with externally supplied ignition.

Abstract: In a loom of which the backrest (3) and/or the warp stop motion (17) are adjustably supported on the machine frame (22) and are adjustable by associated adjusting equipment with at least one adjusting function, at least the backrest (3) and/or the warp stop motion (17) are automatically adjusted. To achieve this, at least one controllable driven adjusting device (30) connected to the loom control is allocated to the adjusting equipment. The existing actual position of the backrest and/or of the warp stop motion is determined. At least the measured values characteristic of the actual position are compared to prescribed nominal or desired values. From this comparison, an adjusting signal is generated, which is then provided to the adjusting device, which then automatically moves the backrest (3) and/or the warp stop motion (17) automatically into the respective desired position.

Abstract: A method for the quantitative acquisition of flow patterns in fluid flows in which a medium (e.g., a gas or a liquid) and the particles contained therein and carried in the flow are set in motion in a transparent flow object. The method provides that a flow object is transilluminated by a laser light fanned out on a plane parallel to the longitudinal axis of the flow object. A scattering of the laser light by the particles is detected by a camera positioned at a right angle to the longitudinal channel axis and moving in the vertical and horizontal directions, and can be analyzed with an analysis unit connected downstream from the camera. The analysis unit is calibrated by quantitatively comparing an image, which has an object-to-image ratio and which is recorded inside the flow object by the camera, to an image having an object-to-image ratio and recorded outside the flow object.

Abstract: The orifice plate has a complete fluid passageway including inlet orifices, outlet orifices and at least one channel (cavity) disposed between them. The at least three functional levels of the orifice plate, having in each case a characteristic orifice structure, are constructed one on top of the other through electrodeposition (multi-layer electroplating), so the orifice plate is embodied in one piece. Because the orifice plate should be hydraulically unthrottled if the available plate surface is small, the inlet orifices are created with the largest possible circumferences. The orifice plate is particularly suited for use at injection valves, in paint nozzles, inhalers or ink-jet printers, in freeze-drying methods, for spraying or injecting fluids, or for atomizing medications.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an orifice plate that is built up in multiple layers and includes a complete axial through passage for a fluid. The orifice plate includes inlet openings, outlet openings, and at least one conduit lying between them. The layers or functional planes of the orifice plate are built up on one another by electroplating metal deposition (multilayer electroplating). Orifice plates manufactured in this manner are particularly suitable for use on injection valves in fuel injection systems, in paint nozzles, inhalers, or inkjet printers, or in freeze-drying processes, for spraying or injecting fluids such as beverages.

Abstract: An orifice plate includes a complete axial through passage for a fluid, in particular for a fuel, including inlet openings, outlet openings, and at least one conduit located between them. The inlet and outlet openings are arranged in the orifice plate so that they do not overlap at any point when projected into one plane. This offset of the outlet openings with respect to the inlet openings results in an S-shaped flow profile for the medium, onto which an atomization-promoting turbulence is thus imposed. The orifice plate is particularly suitable for use on injection valves in fuel injection systems, in paint nozzles, or for freeze-drying processes.

Abstract: An orifice plate includes a complex axial through passage for a fluid is created, composed of inlet openings, outlet openings, and at least one conduit located between them. The at least three functional planes of the orifice plate, each with a characteristic opening structure, are built up on one another by electroplating metal deposition (multilayer electroplating) . A layer of the orifice plate deposited by electroplating can have one or more functional planes. The orifice plate is particularly suitable for use on injection valves in fuel injection systems, in paint nozzles, inhalers, inkjet printers, for freeze-drying processes, for spraying or injecting liquids, for example beverages, or for atomizing medications.

Abstract: A method and device for sensing three-dimensional flow structures, which is distinguished in that at least two, preferably three light sheets of a different wavelength or light intensity are produced in a flow measuring field. When a particle carried along by the flow traverses the light sheet, scattered light produced by the particle is optically detected as a particle trace, separately for each light sheet. The detected particle traces of the light sheets are combined into one particle path, and on the basis of the composite particle path, the three velocity components of the flow are calculated.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an orifice plate that is built up in multiple layers and includes a complete axial through passage for a fluid. The orifice plate includes inlet openings, outlet openings, and at least one conduit lying between them. The layers or functional planes of the orifice plate are built up on one another by electroplating metal deposition (multilayer electroplating). Orifice plates manufactured in this manner are particularly suitable for use on injection valves in fuel injection systems, in paint nozzles, inhalers, or inkjet printers, or in freeze-drying processes, for spraying or injecting fluids such as beverages.

Abstract: A tensioning unit for breakage-prone or rupture-sensitive warp threads in a weaving loom is constructed to avoid a torque responsive characteristic that gently tension the warp threads. For this purpose the tensioning unit is equipped with a torque moment compensation arrangement for compensating non-symmetric loading of a smoothing roller (10). A hollow guide roller (11) carried on rigidly mounted levers (9) has mounted inside the guide roller a rotatable stabilizing shaft (18), which in turn is operatively connected to the smoothing roller (10) through plates (19), so that the smoothing roller itself is supported by spring-loaded levers (8).