Abstract: A characteristic identifier for digital data is generated. Thereby, the information contained in a digital data set is reduced such that the resulting identifier is made comparable to another identifier made in the same manner. The generated identifiers are used for detecting identical digital data or to determine inexact copies of digital data. In one embodiment of the invention, the digital data is a digital audio signal and the characteristic identifier is called an audio signature. The comparison of identical audio data according to the invention can be carried out without a person actually listening to the audio data. The present invention can be used to establish automated processes to find potential unauthorized copies of audio data, e.g., music recordings, and therefore enables a better enforcement of copyrights in the audio industry.

Abstract: A burner, in particular for a gas turbine, in which combustion air is subjected to a vorticity by a vortex element, admits fuel to the vortical combustion air. At the same time, a pressure loss produced by the vortex element is small. A low NOx emission at virtually the same efficiency is achieved.

Abstract: A method and a device for burning fuel with air in a combustion chamber. The air is fed to the combustion chamber through at least one air inlet and the fuel is fed to the combustion chamber through a plurality of burners. Each burner has an associated delay time corresponding to a period of time after which an acoustic impulse in the combustion chamber causes a thermal impulse during combustion of the fuel fed through the burner. The feeding of the fuel through the burner is controlled in such a way that the delay times of the burners are substantially different from one another. The invention can be used on a combustion chamber of a gas turbine.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds which can be reacted with a carboxyl function with formation of an ester bond, whereby a protective group and, in particular, an anchor group for the carboxyl function is provided. The invention further relates to esters of acids which are obtainable by esterification with a compound according to the invention, and to the use of the compounds according to the invention in peptide synthesis.

Abstract: For operating input devices such as magnetic card readers (22) or keyswitches (23) on personal computers (11), these are connected to the keyboard processor (18) and activated by hitherto unused control codes. The data of the input devices are recoded into data for possible key operations and the data transmission to the personal computer is initiated by the code for a non-existent key. As a result, the keyboard controller in the personal computer does not need to be reprogrammed, and the function of the input device cannot be simulated via the keyboard.