Abstract: A bag manipulating method and assembly including a pair of bag grippers that receive and grip opposing side edges of a bag positioned in a loading station. The bag grippers are movable in a plane substantially normal to a longitudinal axis of the loading station. The bag manipulating assembly also includes upper and lower bag spreader assemblies, each having a suction cup to apply suction to the bag and a spreader plate that is insertable into the bag and movable to spread apart the bag. Preferably, the bag grippers move toward each other in a plane substantially normal to the longitudinal axis while the bag is being spread apart to facilitate opening the bag. To facilitate closing and sealing the bag, the bag grippers move away from each other in a plane substantially normal to the longitudinal axis after the bag has been filled.

Abstract: A bag welding method and assembly includes an upper jaw movable in a substantially vertical plane and a lower jaw movable in the same substantially vertical plane as the upper jaw and supported on the frame via two support members. A pressure sensor is coupled to the jaws for measuring a welding pressure between the jaws. A processor coupled to the pressure sensor receives a signal from the pressure sensor to determine the conditions under which the weld was created. Preferably, the pressure sensor is mounted on one of the support members, or alternatively, can be mounted in a recess in one of the upper and the lower jaws. The welding assembly also preferably includes a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature between the welding jaws during sealing. The welding assembly can also include a timer for determining the length of time in which the welding jaws seal the bag.

Abstract: A bag manipulating method and assembly including a pair of bag grippers that receive and grip opposing side edges of a bag positioned in a loading station. The bag grippers are movable in a plane substantially normal to a longitudinal axis of the loading station. The bag manipulating assembly also includes upper and lower bag spreader assemblies, each having a suction cup to apply suction to the bag and a spreader plate that is insertable into the bag and movable to spread apart the bag. Preferably, the bag grippers move toward each other in a plane substantially normal to the longitudinal axis while the bag is being spread apart to facilitate opening the bag. To facilitate closing and sealing the bag, the bag grippers move away from each other in a plane substantially normal to the longitudinal axis after the bag has been filled.

Abstract: A process for digital message transmission is specified, in which the transmitted signals are sampled at the end of a transmission link by means of a device for timing recovery and are then further processed. In this case the signals are fed to a discriminator simultaneously via two separate paths, a delay path and a path fitted with a filter. A wideband bandpass filter with a relative bandwidth of 0.2% to 0.4% of the bit timing of the transmitted signals is used as a filter, whose transient recovery time is less than the time by which the signals are delayed on the delay path, which in turn is less than the decay time of the bandpass filter. An amplifier limiting the amplitude of the output voltage of the same limiting amplifier via which the timing signals are brought to the required constant level, is connected downstream of the bandpass filter.