Abstract: The wafer stack (100) comprises a first wafer (OW1) referred to as optics wafer and a second wafer (SW) referred to as spacer wafer, said optics wafer (OW1) having manufacturing irregularities. The spacer wafer (SW) is structured such that it at least partially compensates for said manufacturing irregularities. The corresponding method for manufacturing a device, which in particular can be an optical device, comprises carrying out a correction step for at least partially compensating for manufacturing irregularities. Such a correction step comprises providing a wafer (SW) referred to as spacer wafer, wherein that spacer wafer is structured for at least partially compensating for said manufacturing irregularities. Those manufacturing irregularities may comprise a deviation from a nominal value, e.g., a irregularities in focal length. The invention can allow to mass produce high-precision devices at a high yield.

Abstract: Fabricating optical devices can include mounting a plurality of singulated lens systems over a substrate, adjusting a thickness of the substrate below at least some of the lens systems to provide respective focal length corrections for the lens systems, and subsequently separating the substrate into a plurality of optical modules, each of which includes one of the lens systems mounted over a portion of the substrate. Adjusting a thickness of the substrate can include, for example, micro-machining the substrate to form respective holes below at least some of the lens systems or adding one or more layers below at least some of the lens systems so as to correct for variations in the focal lengths of the lens systems.

Abstract: Fabricating optical devices can include mounting a plurality of singulated lens systems over a substrate, adjusting a thickness of the substrate below at least some of the lens systems to provide respective focal length corrections for the lens systems, and subsequently separating the substrate into a plurality of optical modules, each of which includes one of the lens systems mounted over a portion of the substrate. Adjusting a thickness of the substrate can include, for example, micro-machining the substrate to form respective holes below at least some of the lens systems or adding one or more layers below at least some of the lens systems so as to correct for variations in the focal lengths of the lens systems.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, a camera or optical module for a camera is provided, the camera or optical module comprising: —a first substrate with a plurality of first optical devices, —a second substrate with a plurality of second optical devices, —and a spacer between the first substrate and the second substrate, the spacer having a first and a second attachment surface, the first substrate attached to the first attachment surface and the second spacer attached to the second attachment surface, —the spacer having a through hole from the first attachment surface to the second attachment surface so that there is an interior space between the first substrate and the second substrate, the interior space being hermetically closed off, —the first optical devices and the second optical devices being mutually arranged so that light impinging, from an object side, on a first optical device is directed to an assigned second optical device through the interior space, —the camera further comprising a screen device

Abstract: A method includes the steps of: providing a substrate; providing a tool having, on a replication side, a plurality of replication sections, each replication section defining a surface structure of one of an optical element(s), the tool further including at least one contact spacer portion, the contact spacer portion protruding, on the replication side, further than an outermost feature of the replication sections; aligning the tool with a feature of the substrate and bringing the tool and a first side of the substrate together, with replication material between the tool and the substrate, the contact spacer portion contacting the first side of the substrate, and thereby causing the spacer portion to adhere to the first side of the substrate, thereby producing a substrate-tool-assembly; dislocating the substrate-tool-assembly to a hardening station; causing the replication material to harden at the hardening station; and separating the tool from the substrate with the hardened replication material adhering to

Abstract: An optical element is manufactured using a replication tool comprising a negative structural feature defined in a replication side of the replication tool, and a peripheral feature formed in the replication side of the replication tool adjacent the negative structural feature. The negative structural feature defines the shape of the optical element. A replication material is disposed between a substrate and the replication tool, which are moved toward each other. The peripheral feature confines the replication material to a predetermined area of the substrate. The replication material can be hardened to form the optical element from the replication material attached to the substrate.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a wafer scale package including at least one substrate having replicated optical elements. The method uses two substrates, at least one of which is pre-shaped and has at least one recess in its front surface. Optical elements are replicated on a first substrate by causing a replication tool to abut the first substrate. The second substrate is then attached to the first substrate in an abutting relationship in such a way that the optical element is contained in a cavity formed by the recess in one of the substrates in combination with the other substrate. Thereby, a well defined axial distance between the optical elements and the second substrate is achieved. Consequently, a well defined axial distance between the optical elements and any other objects attached to the second substrate, e.g. further optical elements, image capturing devices, light sources, is also established.

Abstract: In a process of manufacturing, by replication, a plurality of optical elements each having geometrical surface features, a method of manufacturing an element that includes a plurality of replicated structures is provided. The method comprises the steps of providing an element substrate, of replicating, by embossing, a surface of a tool element, which surface comprises a negative copy of the geometrical surface feature, into replication material disposed at a first place on a surface of the element substrate, of subsequently hardening the replication material, of replicating said surface of the tool element into replication material disposed at a second place on said substrate, of hardening said replication material, the method comprising the further step of subsequently filling a gap between replication material disposed at the first place and replication material disposed at the second place by filler material.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a wafer scale package including at least one substrate having replicated optical elements. The method uses two substrates, at least one of which is pre-shaped and has at least one recess in its front surface. Optical elements are replicated on a first substrate by causing a replication tool to abut the first substrate. The second substrate is then attached to the first substrate in an abutting relationship in such a way that the optical element is contained in a cavity formed by the recess in one of the substrates in combination with the other substrate. Thereby, a well defined axial distance between the optical elements and the second substrate is achieved. Consequently, well defined axial distance between the optical elements and any other objects attached to the second substrate, e.g. further optical elements, image capturing devices, light sources, is also established.

Abstract: An optical element is manufactured using a replication tool comprising a negative structural feature defined in a replication side of the replication tool, and a peripheral feature formed in the replication side of the replication tool adjacent the negative structural feature. The negative structural feature defines the shape of the optical element. A replication material is disposed between a substrate and the replication tool, which are moved toward each other. The peripheral feature confines the replication material to a predetermined area of the substrate. The replication material can be hardened to form the optical element from the replication material attached to the substrate.

Abstract: A plurality of optical elements can be manufactured by replication. A replication tool includes a plurality of replication sections. Each replication section defines a negative structural feature that defines the shape of a respective optical element. A plurality of individual portions of a replication material are applied a substrate and/or the replication tool. Each individual portion is associated with a respective negative structural feature. The replication tool is moved relative to the substrate to shape the plurality of individual portions of the replication material. Each individual portion of the replication material is discrete and shaped according to the respective replication section. The replication material is hardened to form the plurality of optical elements. Each optical element is discrete, optically transparent, and attached to the substrate.

Abstract: A plurality of optical elements can be manufactured by replication. A replication tool can include a plurality of replication sections having negative structural features that define the shape of the plurality of optical elements and at least one first spacer portion. A replication material can be disposed between a substrate and the replication tool. The replication tool and the substrate can be moved so that a substantially flat surface portion of each first spacer portion rests against a layer of replication material remaining between the at least one first spacer portion and the substrate. The layer of replication material keeps the at least one first spacer portion spaced from the substrate. The replication material can be hardened to form the plurality of optical elements.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an element using a replication tool, including the steps of providing a replication tool that defines the shape of the element; providing a substrate; pressing the tool against the substrate, with a replication material located between the tool and the substrate; confining the replication material to a predetermined area of the substrate, which predetermined area exceeds the desired area of the element on covering the substrate, in at least one direction along the surface of the substrate by less than a predetermined distance.; hardening (e.g. curing) the replication material to form the element.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a plurality of elements by replication includes the steps of: providing a replication tool that includes a plurality of replication sections having negative structural features defining the shape of the elements, the tool further including a plurality of first spacer portions; providing a substrate; moving the tool against the substrate, with a replication material in a plastically deformable or viscous or liquid state located between the tool and the substrate; hardening the replication material to form the elements, wherein the step of moving the tool against the substrate includes applying a predetermined force for moving the tool against the substrate, until the first spacer portions are located at a distance from the substrate, the distance being determined by the magnitude of the force, and with replication material remaining between the first spacer portions and the substrate.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a plurality of elements by replication, includes the steps of: providing a replication tool that includes a plurality of replication sections having structural features defining the shape of the elements, the tool further including a plurality of first spacer portions; providing a substrate; applying a replication material 5 in individual portions, each portion being associated with one of the replication sections 3 and the portion being applied to the replication section 3 and/or to a location on the substrate 7 against which the replication section 3 will be moved in a later step; moving the tool against the substrate, with the replication material in a plastically deformable or viscous or liquid state located between the tool and the substrate; and hardening the replication material to form the elements.