Abstract: A method of fabricating a device structure, comprises: forming an insulating layer (3b) over a first set of devices disposed over a substrate (3); forming one or more vias in the insulating layer; disposing a second set of devices (6) over the insulating layer, wherein devices of the second set comprise respective electrical contacts (6a) and are disposed over the insulating layer (3b) such that a side on which a contact (6a) can be accessed faces the substrate (3); and forming one or more electrical contacts between the first set of devices and the second set of devices (6) through the via(s). The second set of devices and at least one via are positioned such that one or more of the vias lies at least partially within the footprint of two devices, each belonging to a different device layer.

Abstract: A method and means for processing information across a network is provided, the network comprising a plurality of nodes. In one embodiment, the invention includes algorithm means for addressing the problem of efficient information distribution between nodes in the network. This invention addresses the problem by generating probabilistic models at the nodes in the network and by selectively distributing information between the nodes based on these models and by using a predetermined metric function in such a way as to reduce information differences between the nodes. Advantageously this invention finds utility in many applications in both distributed networks and centralised networks provided that it is possible to derive an appropriate tree topology representation of the network.

Abstract: A vehicle glazing comprising a pane of glazing material having an exposed surface and a light emitting diode device a) other than an auxiliary stop lamp adhesively attached to the exposed surface of the pane of glazing material, or b) in the form of an auxiliary stop lamp adhesively attached to the exposed surface of the pane of glazing material, the lamp comprising a substrate having a functional surface on which a plurality of light emitting diodes is provided, and which is provided with a layer of transparent encapsulant to cover the light emitting diodes is disclosed. A process for the production of such a vehicle glazing comprising applying adhesive to a surface of the vehicle glazing, positioning the light emitting diode device with respect to the pane of glazing material and activating the adhesive is also disclosed.

Abstract: A vehicular glazing panel comprises a pane of glass, first and second electrically conductive components and lead-free solder which joins the second electrically conductive component to the first (which exists on a surface of the pane of glass). The lead-free solder includes a mechanical stress modifier, selected from bismuth, tin or antimony, which inhibits the occurrence of a stress fault in the pane of glass in the region of the solder, and contains tin in an amount less than 90% by weight. The first and second electrically conductive components are often a busbar and an electrical connector, or an antenna element and an antenna connector, respectively.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for inspection of the optical quality of a glazing is provided. A greyscale image is generated digitally, and reflected off or transmitted through a glazing, and captured using an image capture device. Preferably, the generation of the greyscale pattern and the capturing of the reflected or transmitted greyscale pattern are synchronised.

Abstract: A laminated glazing panel is disclosed comprising two glass plies and a plastic ply having one or more light emitting diodes mounted on a circuit board laminated between the glass plies, forming an LED device. The circuit board is ordinarily a flexible circuit board comprising a substrate (of, for example, polyimide or polyester) and a conductive layer (for example, a copper foil or conductive ink). Preferably, the plastics ply has a thickness before lamination of 2 mm or lower and the thickness of the laminated glazing panel is 8 mm or lower. A plurality of light emitting diodes may be mounted on the flexible circuit board and laminated between the glass plies; the resultant glazing panel may further comprise indicia on at least one ply. Also disclosed are two processes for the production of a laminated glazing panel, each comprising positioning an LED device in a cut-out in a plastic ply and interleaving the plastic ply between two glass plies, prior to laminating the plies.

Abstract: A fiber reinforced core panel is formed from strips of plastics foam helically wound with layers of rovings to form webs which may extend in a wave pattern or may intersect transverse webs. Hollow tubes may replace foam strips. Axial rovings cooperate with overlying helically wound rovings to form a beam or a column. Wound roving patterns may vary along strips for structural efficiency. Wound strips may alternate with spaced strips and spacers between the strips enhance web buckling strength. Continuously wound rovings between spaced strips permit folding to form panels with reinforced edges. Continuously wound strips are helically wrapped to form annular structures, and composite panels may combine both thermoset and thermoplastic resins.

Abstract: A method for automatically tracking compliance in a clinical trials process involving one or more operations comprising selecting a container; associating an identifier with the container, the identifier having a unique signature data item thereon; reading the unique signature data item to a relational database; performing a first operation relating to the container; checking the performance of the first operation against a compliance standard; following the successful completion of the first operation, writing an associated compliance data item to the relational database; optionally performing one or more further operations relating to the container; and following the successful completion of each optional further operation or a package thereof, writing an associated compliance data item to the database.

Abstract: A one story high building block with the capability of having window or door openings, or a variety of other desirable features; pre-cast within the body of the building block itself. The building block can be colored and stamped or etched to provide an almost endless variety of visual effects. The building block can be connected to a number of other building blocks, each with their own variety of features, to create a dynamic building.

Abstract: An optical demultiplexer has a coarse filter 41,43,45 and a plurality of arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) 49 connected to respective outputs of the coarse filter 41,43,45. The AWGs are of like design with a plurality of configurations and are arranged to have a configuration corresponding to be frequency range output on the respective output. The device can be used in WDM systems.

Abstract: An electrical insulation material which is suitable for high voltage applications, the material including (a) a polymeric material, and (b) an additive incorporated into the polymeric material, the additive including a compound of the formula: Rf—O2C(CH2)xCO—R′f where Rf and R′f are fluorine-substituted aliphatic chains, and x is an integer in the range 9 to 18.

Abstract: An optical array amplifier has a first light beam shaper, a first waveguide to guide an input optical signal consisting of a plurality of wavelengths to the first beam shaper, a diffracter illuminated by light from the first beam shaper to diffract the optical signal into individual wavelengths or groups of wavelengths, a second waveguide connected to a source of optical pump energy, a second beam shaper combining optical pump energy from the second waveguide with the diffracted signal wavelengths or groups of wavelengths without the pump energy impinging on the diffracter, so that a proportion of the optical pump energy is mixed with each of the wavelengths or groups of wavelengths, and to focus the mixed optical signals onto a third waveguide connected to an optical amplifier utilizing the pump energy to cause amplification of the individual wavelengths or groups of wavelengths mixed with the corresponding proportion of pump energy. The amplifier may be implemented as a planar waveguide device.

Abstract: An optical demultiplexer has a coarse filter 41,43,45 and a plurality of arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) 49 connected to respective outputs of the coarse filter 41,43,45. The AWGs are of like design with a plurality of configurations and are arranged to have a configuration corresponding to be frequency range output on the respective output. The device can be used in WDM systems.

Abstract: It is found that the use of a multimode interference (MMI) section to flatten the pass-bands of an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) multiplexer/demultiplexer or comb filter introduces undesirable non-linear wavelength dispersion into those pass-bands if that MMI section mixes modes of more than two different orders. This dispersion can be substantially compensated by the use of a tandem arrangement of two AWGs with MMIs of differing length chosen to provide complementary dispersions. In the case of a comb filter, an equivalent compensation can be achieved by arranging for the light to make a second passage through the AWG in the reverse direction.

Abstract: A planar waveguide structure has, supported on a lower refractive index buffer layer (5), a pair of optical cores (1, 2) that, over at least a portion of their length, are closely spaced. These cores are covered with a layer (6) of cladding material comprising boron and phosphorus doped silica glass deposited by PECVD as a succession of individually annealed layers in order to minimize the incidence of voids in the deposit between the cores.

Abstract: A known form of electrically controlled optical attenuator is formed by a mach Zehnder waveguide configuration with a variable refractive index element in one arm to modify the undulatory spectral characteristic of the network to give a specific attenuation at a specific wavelength. The spectral characteristic of the network makes the attenuation that it provides wavelength dependent. An attenuator with a wavelength dependence of reduced magnitude is provided by the series combination of two Mach Zehnder networks, one having an electrically controllable optical path length adjuster in its longer interference arm, and the other with its adjuster in its shorter arm.

Abstract: A planar optical waveguide comprises at least two cladding layers on a substrate with at least one core layer disposed between the cladding layers. The overcladding layer of the two layers is doped in order to produce a thermal coefficient of expansion close to or equal to that of the substrate in order to reduce the polarisation sensitivity of the device.

Abstract: A system for testing telecommunications equipment located at two sites includes a set of test instruments located at each site, a local test controller located at each site for controlling the test instrument at that site, and a master test controller connected to the local test controller by data links. Each test controller is provided with a clock and the clocks are synchronized by a common timing signal. The master test controller is arranged to transmit test instructions to, and receive test results from, the local test controllers.

Abstract: An impressed current corrosion protection system comprises a distributed anode in the form of a conductive core (4) covered with a conductive polymeric coating (6) and surrounded by packed coke (8) contained within a polymeric jacket (18). This outer jacket is typically a fabric having a specified resistance to acid conditions and chlorine conditions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for identifying an unknown gas by generating an infrared spectrum of the unknown gas using an infrared spectrophotometer that includes a circular variable interference filter, compressing the infrared spectrum of the unknown gas, and comparing the compressed infrared spectrum of the unknown gas to a library of compressed infrared spectra of reference compounds. After comparison, the compressed spectra that most closely match the unknown gas are decompressed and displayed. Because frequency characteristics of circular variable interference filters vary from filter to filter, information designating these frequency characteristics for the particular filter employed are used in generating the infrared spectrum of the unknown gas.