Abstract: A catalytic transfer hydrogenation process is provided. The catalyst employed in the process is a metal hydrocarbyl complex which is coordinated to defined bidentate ligands substituted with at least one group selected from an optionally substituted sulphonated hydrocarbyl group, a sulphonated perhalogenated hydrocarbyl group, or an optionally substituted sulphonated heterocyclyl group. Preferred metals include rhodium, ruthenium and iridium. Preferred bidentate ligands are diamines and aminoalcohols, particularly those comprising chiral centres. The hydrogen donor is advantageously a secondary alcohol or a mixture of triethylamine and formic acid. The process can be employed to transfer hydrogenate ketones and imines, which are preferably prochiral. Catalysts for use in such a process are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of screening a test substance for possession of binding activity for possession of binding activity for MSP42 or a fragment thereof, the method comprising the steps of: combining or contacting, in any order, (i) a molecule comprising MSP142 or a fragment thereof, (ii) the test substance, and (iii) a comparison substance known to have binding activity for MSP142 or a fragment thereof; and determining the presence and/or amount, if any, of comparison substance and/or test substance bound of the MSP142 or fragment thereof.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula (I): wherein: A represents bond, C1-6alkyl or CH?CH—C1-4alkyl; B represents bond, 0, S, SO, SO2, CO, CR7R8, CO2R14, CONR14R15, N(COR14)(COR15), N(SO2R14)(COR15) or NR14R15; D represents bond, or C1-6alkyl; E represents substituted aryl or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; Q represents an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered aryl or heteroaryl ring; X represents O, S, SO, SO2, CO, CNR5, CNOR5, CNNR5R6, NR11 or CR7R8; Y represents CR5OR11, CR5SR11, NOR5, CR5NR6R11, SO, SO2, CO, CNR5, CNOR5 or CS; R1 and R1? each independently represents H, C1-6alkyl or C1-4alkylaryl; R2 represents CO2R12, CH2OR12 or CONR12R13, CONR12OR13, NR12COR13, SR12, PO(OH)2, PONHR12 or SONHR12; R3 represents H, C1-6alkyl or C1-4alkylaryl; R4 represents optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl; Z represents a bond, CH2, O, S, SO, SO2, NR5, OCR5R6, CR9R10O or Z, R4 and Q together form an optionally substituted fused tricyclic group; R5 and R6 each independently represent H, C1-6 alkyl or C1-4 a

Abstract: The present invention relates to phthalimide carboxylic acid derivatives of formula (I), methods for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use in medicine, specifically in the treatment of cancer. (I), wherein X is O or S; R1 is a phthalimide carboxylic acid group of formula (II).

Abstract: A semiconductor die package is disclosed. It may include a semiconductor die having a first surface and a second surface, and a leadframe structure. A molding material may be formed around at least a portion of the die and at least a portion of the leadframe structure. A solderable layer may be on the exterior surface of the molding material and the first surface of the semiconductor die.

Abstract: An integrated circuit assembly includes a lead frame having a plurality of leads with inner portions. A thermally-conductive clip member is bonded to the inner portions of the leads such that the clip member is electrically isolated from and yet thermally coupled to the lead frame. An integrated circuit die is bonded and thereby thermally coupled to the clip member. The die is electrically connected to the wire die by wire bonds. Encapsulant material is disposed over the inner portions of the leads and at least a portion of the clip member, and encapsulates the die and the wire bonds.

Abstract: An integrated circuit chip with its interconnecting pads re-arranged in substantially a straight line. The pads are ordered in the straight line so that wire bond connections to contact terminal of an IC package allows the wire bonds to not interfere with each other by traveling under or over other wire bonds. This re-arrangement and ordering of an IC's pads allows a single die constructed in accordance with this invention to be mounted in both a package that is designed to accept a die-down type chip and a package designed to accept a die-up type chip. This mounting of the single chip occurs directly without any other transition artifacts, like transition substrates, etc., that would carry the reversal of the effective pad locations.

Abstract: In various embodiments, the methods for analyzing a sample are provided utilizing a result dependent acquisition strategy. In various embodiments, methods for analyzing a sample are provided wherein the sample is first analyzed by MALDI and MS to produce a first result that is then used to determine a second analysis that is used to analyze the sample again by MALDI and MS/MS or MSn to produce a second result.

Abstract: A method and system of image processing on a computer, and a computer program product adapted for image processing, wherein a digital image of an article is imported into a computer, the digital image is color-corrected, an internal palette is generated from a database of predetermined color attributes and applied to the color-corrected digital image so as to generate a second digital image, and wherein a third digital image corresponding to the second digital image is generated, but replacing the predetermined color attributes with vivid color attributes. The present invention is of particular utility in the manufacture of dental prostheses from ceramics materials which substantially match a person's natural tooth colors.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 4-methyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzyl alcohol comprising hydrogenating 4-methyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzonitrile to 4-methyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzylamine and converting 4-methyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzylamine to 4-methyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzyl alcohol. The process optionally also comprises the further step of reacting 4-Methyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluobenzyl alcohol with cis-Z-3-(2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarbonyl chloride to the form tefluthrin. 4-Methyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzylamine and salts thereof are also claimed.

Abstract: A die attach package for connecting a die or chip of die-down orientation to a printed circuit board in a die-up orientation. The package includes a substrate with leads that may be traces terminating in vias or that may be the leads of a lead frame. The traces or the leads of the lead frame are modified such that they pass under the die when the die is attached. The traces or leads are routed under the die such that proper connections are established from the topside of the die to the appropriate mount locations of the printed circuit board. The die is attached to the substrate using a non-electrically-conductive material. This packaging enables a fabricator to make die of one orientation type, die down, and use that die in a die-up package, thereby saving on fabrication costs.

Abstract: A process for producing compounds of formula (VIIa) and (VIIb) wherein X is a leaving group; Y and Y1 are idependently Cl or Br; and Z is Cl, Br or a haloalkyl group which process comprises a) reacting a compound of formula (VII) wherein X, Y, Y1 and Z are as defined for compounds (VIIa) and (VIIb) with a substantially optically pure chiral amine in a solvent to form a diastereoisomeric salt; b) separating the diastereomeric salt of each enantiomer; c) converting the diastereomeric salt of each anantiomer separately to compounds of formulae (VIIa) and (VIIb) respectively by acid or base hydrolysis, the use of the compounds in making pyrethroid insecticides and novel intermediates.

Abstract: Audio processing methods and apparatus are provided for at least partially compensating for the Fletcher-Munson effect. An audio processor includes a variable filter receiving an input signal and providing a filtered output signal, the variable filter having a fixed cutoff frequency and a quality factor that is controllable in response to a control signal, and a control circuit configured to detect a signal level representative of input signal level in a selected band and to generate the control signal in response to the detected signal level. The control circuit may include a low-pass band select filter and a detector for detecting a signal level in the band selected by the low-pass filter and for generating the control signal.

Abstract: A client node in a network communicates with a server system having a plurality of servers. The client has a distributor which periodically measures server activity, assesses relative loading of the servers, and adjusts the request distribution as well as the server loadings in accordance with the loading assessment.

Abstract: A method of operating a mobile phone telecommunications network is provided, comprising using at least one mobile switching center (MSC) of the network to receive at least one message, and as a result to generate a mobile application part (MAP) message, transmitting the MAP message from the MSC to at least one service control point (SCP) of the network, and operating the SCP to process the MAP message. Processing of the MAP message by the SCP may comprise, for example, determining the subsequent handling of the MAP message, and charging a sender of the message received by the MSC. The message received by the MSC may comprise a text message, for example, a text message generated using the short message service (SMS).

Abstract: A process for producing fomesafen from acifluorfen comprises the steps of (a) converting acifluorfen to its acid chloride, (b) coupling the acid chloride so formed with methanesulphonamide to form crude fomesafen and (c) purifying the crude fomesafen, characterized in that each of the steps is carried out in a single common solvent, which is preferably a chloroalkane. Preferably the steps are telescoped together so that there is no isolation of the product for any step until fomesafen is obtained.

Abstract: Compound of general formula I: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, X, Y and R5 have the meanings given herein which are useful in the curative and prophylactic treatment of a medical condition for which inhibition of a cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate phosphodiesterase (e.g. cGMP PDE5) is desired.

Abstract: In various embodiments, the methods for analyzing a sample are provided utilizing a result dependent acquisition strategy. In various embodiments, methods for analyzing a sample are provided wherein the sample is first analyzed by MALDI and MS to produce a first result that is then used to determine a second analysis that is used to analyze the sample again by MALDI and MS/MS or MSn to produce a second result.

Abstract: A catalytic transfer hydrogenation process is provided. The catalyst employed in the process is a metal hydrocarbyl complex which is coordinated to defined bidentate ligands substituted with at least one group selected from an optionally substituted sulphonated hydrocarbyl group, a sulphonated perhalogenated hydrocarbyl group, or an optionally substituted sulphonated heterocyclyl group. Preferred metals include rhodium, ruthenium and iridium. Preferred bidentate ligands are diamines and aminoalcohols, particularly those comprising chiral centres. The hydrogen donor is advantageously a secondary alcohol or a mixture of triethylamine and formic acid. The process can be employed to transfer hydrogenate ketones and imines, which are preferably prochiral. Catalysts for use in such a process are also provided.

Abstract: A die attach package for connecting a die or chip of die-down orientation to a printed circuit board in a die-up orientation. The package includes a substrate with leads that may be traces terminating in vias or that may be the leads of a lead frame. The traces or the leads of the lead frame are modified such that they pass under the die when the die is attached. A flattened ball is attached to die contacts and a gold wire runs parallel to the die and then to a via on the substrate. The wire may be attached to the flattened ball by a wedge technique or other such known techniques. The die is attached to the substrate using a non-electrically-conductive material. This packaging enables a fabricator to make die of one orientation type, die down, and use that die in a die-up package, thereby saving on fabrication costs.