Abstract: A novel class of low reflectivity, high transparency, non-metallic cathodes useful for a wide range of electrically active, transparent organic devices are disclosed. As a representative embodiment, the highly transparent non-metallic cathode of an OLED employs a thin film of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) capped with a film of low-power, radio-frequency sputtered indium-tin-oxide (ITO). The CuPc prevents damage to the underlying organic layers during the ITO sputtering process. A theory of the invention is presented which suggests that damage-induced states at the non-metallic cathode/organic film interface are responsible for the efficient electron injection properties of the cathode. Due to the low reflectivity of the non-metallic cathode, a non-antireflection-coated, non-metallic-cathode-containing TOLED is disclosed that is 85% transmissive in the visible, emitting nearly identical amounts of light in the forward and back-scattered directions.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a device is provided. A shadow mask is positioned in a first position over a substrate. A first process is performed on the substrate through the shadow mask. After the first process is performed, the shadow mask is moved to a second position over the substrate, measured relative to the first position. After the shadow mask is moved to the second position, a second process is performed on the substrate through the shadow mask.

Abstract: An optically-pumped laser having a small-molecule thin organic film of DCM doped Alq3. Carrier transport properties of the small-molecule organic materials, combined with a low lasing threshold provide a new generation of diode lasers employing organic thin films. An electrically-pumped variant is also described.

Abstract: An organic light emitting device (OLED) is disclosed for which the hole transporting layer, the electron transporting layer and/or the emissive layer, if separately present, is comprised of a non-polymeric material. A method for preparing such OLED's using vacuum deposition techniques is further disclosed.

Abstract: Organic light emitting devices comprising a heterostructure for producing electroluminescence having a hole transporting layer with a glass structure. The hole transporting layer comprises a compound having a symmetric molecular structure. The end groups of the symmetric molecule are hole transporting diaryl amine moieties.

Abstract: An asymmetric twin waveguide (ATG) structure is disclosed that significantly reduces the negative effects of inter-modal interference in symmetric twin-waveguide structures and which can be effectively used to implement a variety of optical devices. The ATG structure of the invention can be monolithically fabricated on a single epitaxial structure without the necessity of epitaxial re-growth. To achieve the ATG structure of the invention, the effective index of the passive waveguide in the ATG is varied from that of a symmetric twin waveguide such that one mode of the even and odd modes of propagation is primarily confined to the passive waveguide and the other to the active waveguide. The different effective indices of the two coupled waveguides result in the even and odd modes becoming highly asymmetric. As a result, the mode with the larger confinement factor in the active waveguide experiences higher gain and becomes dominant.

Abstract: An addressing method induces increased light output in an organic light emitting display by applying several excitation currents to each row in an display per frame. The row excitation pulses may advance sequentially across every row in the display and, when the row driver reaches the last row in the display, the row driver returns to the first row in the display and begins again. In an embodiment, the row driver may complete 100-1000 cycles across all rows in the display for each frame. This method of addressing the display yields increase light output with a correspondingly lower-powered excitation current.

Abstract: Organic light emitting devices are described wherein the emissive layer comprises a host material containing an emissive molecule, which molecule is adapted to luminesce when a voltage is applied across the heterostructure, and the emissive molecule is selected from the group of phosphorescent organometallic complexes, including cyclometallated platinum, iridium and osmium complexes. The organic light emitting devices optionally contain an exciton blocking layer. Furthermore, improved electroluminescent efficiency in organic light emitting devices is obtained with an emitter layer comprising organometallic complexes of transition metals of formula L2MX, wherein L and X are distinct bidentate ligands. Compounds of this formula can be synthesized more facilely than in previous approaches and synthetic options allow insertion of fluorescent molecules into a phosphorescent complex, ligands to fine tune the color of emission, and ligands to trap carriers.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are novel dopant compounds of Formula I below, wherein those compounds are used in organic light emitting devices (OLED's) for device elements capable of emitting light of wavelengths associated with saturated red emissions.

Abstract: An asymmetric twin waveguide (ATG) structure is disclosed that significantly reduces the negative effects of inter-modal interference in symmetric twin-waveguide structures and which can be effectively used to implement a variety of optical devices. The ATG structure of the invention can be monolithically fabricated on a single epitaxial structure without the necessity of epitaxial re-growth. To achieve the ATG structure of the invention, the effective index of the passive waveguide in the ATG is varied from that of a symmetric twin waveguide such that one mode of the even and odd modes of propagation is primarily confined to the passive waveguide and the other to the active waveguide. The different effective indices of the two coupled waveguides result in the even and odd modes becoming highly asymmetric. As a result, the mode with the larger confinement factor in the active waveguide experiences higher gain and becomes dominant.

Abstract: An organic photosensitive optoelectronic device optimized to enhance desired characteristics such as external quantum efficiency is described. The photosensitive optoelectronic device has at least two transparent electrodes and one or more organic photoconductive layers disposed between the transparent electrodes. In other embodiments photosensitive optoelectronic devices with multilayer photoconductive structures and photosensitive optoelectronic devices with a reflective layer are disclosed.

Abstract: Organic light emitting devices are described wherein the emissive layer comprises a host material containing a fluorescent or phosphorescent emissive molecule, which molecule is adapted to luminesce when a voltage is applied across the heterostructure, wherein an intersystem crossing molecule of optical absorption spectrum matched to the emission spectrum of the emissive molecule enhances emission efficiency.

Abstract: Methods for preparing organic thin films on substrates, the method comprising the steps of providing a plurality of organic precursors in the vapor phase, and reacting the plurality or organic precursors at a sub-atmospheric pressure. Also included are thin films made by such a method and apparatuses used to conduct such a method. The method is well-suited to the formation of organic light emitting devices and other display-related technologies.

Abstract: Highly efficient photon recycling photosensitive optoelectronic device (POD) structures are disclosed which may include optical concentrating non-imaging collectors. Such device structures may be utilized with both organic and inorganic photoconverting heterostructures to enhance photoconversion efficiency. These photo recycling POD structures are particularly well suited for use with organic photoactive materials.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to organic light emitting devices comprising a heterostructure for producing electroluminescence having a hole transporting layer with a glass structure. The hole transporting layer comprises a compound having a symmetric molecular structure. The end groups of the symmetric molecule are hole transporting amine moieties having an unsaturated linkage between two arenes.

Abstract: Organic light emitting devices are disclosed which are comprised of a heterostructure for producing electroluminescence wherein the heterostructure is comprised of an emissive layer containing a phosphorescent dopant compound.

Abstract: A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) device comprising two or more vertically stacked asymmetric waveguides is provided. A photo-detector PIC device comprises a coupling waveguide for providing low-coupling loss with an external optical fiber and for guiding primarily a first mode of light, a second waveguide vertically coupled to the first waveguide for guiding primarily a second mode of light having an effective index of refraction different from the first mode, and a photo-detector vertically coupled to the second waveguide. Light received at the coupling waveguide is moved into the second waveguide via a lateral taper in the second waveguide. The photo-detector PIC device may further comprise a third waveguide having an optical amplifier therein and positioned between the coupling waveguide and the second waveguide.

Abstract: Dopant compounds of Formula I below for use in organic light emitting devices (OLED's) as device elements capable of emitting light of wavelengths associated with saturated red emissions. OLED's utilize device elements comprising the above compounds and display devices are based on those OLED's.

Abstract: Lasers comprising a substrate and a layer of organic material over the substrate. The organic material includes host and dopant materials that result in the laser emission of a desired color when pumped by optical pump energy. Host materials include CBP and tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum, which when combined with dopant materials such as coumarin-47, coumarin-30, perylene, rhodamine-6G, DCM, DCM2, and pyrromethane-546 result in the efficient lasing of colors such as blue, green and yellow.

Abstract: A new method for tuning the emission spectrum of OLEDs while retaining a high luminescence efficiency wherein the emission spectrum of a polar luminescent molecule is wavelength shifted by as much as 70 nm when doped into a conductive host in a vacuum-deposited molecular organic light emitting device. The effect may be attributed to changes in the average dipole moment of the host thin film that are induced by the addition of highly dipolar dopant molecules. This phenomenon may be referred to as a “solid state solvation effect” in analogy to similar effects previously identified in solution chemistry. In experiments using singly doped devices, different concentrations of a polar laser dye known as DCM2 are doped in non-polar triaryl amine conductive host films. In these experiments, DCM2 performs the dual role of functioning both as the luminescent center and as the source of the increased spatially averaged dipole moment.