Patents by Inventor Stephen R. Forrest

Stephen R. Forrest has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).

  • Patent number: 6716656
    Abstract: A method of fabricating an organic device is provided. A first layer is deposited over a substrate through a mask by a first process that results in the first layer having a first area of coverage. A second layer is then deposited over the substrate through the mask by a second process that results in the second layer having a second area of coverage that is different from the first area of coverage.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 4, 2002
    Date of Patent: April 6, 2004
    Assignee: The Trustees of Princeton University
    Inventors: Max Shtein, Stephen R. Forrest
  • Publication number: 20040052445
    Abstract: An asymmetric twin waveguide (ATG) structure is disclosed that significantly reduces the negative effects of inter-modal interference in symmetric twin-waveguide structures and which can be effectively used to implement a variety of optical devices. The ATG structure of the invention can be monolithically fabricated on a single epitaxial structure without the necessity of epitaxial re-growth. To achieve the ATG structure of the invention, the effective index of the passive waveguide in the ATG is varied from that of a symmetric twin waveguide such that one mode of the even and odd modes of propagation is primarily confined to the passive waveguide and the other to the active waveguide. The different effective indices of the two coupled waveguides result in the even and odd modes becoming highly asymmetric. As a result, the mode with the larger confinement factor in the active waveguide experiences higher gain and becomes dominant.
    Type: Application
    Filed: August 15, 2003
    Publication date: March 18, 2004
    Applicant: The Trustees of Princeton University
    Inventors: Stephen R. Forrest, Milind Gokhale, Pavel Studenkov
  • Publication number: 20040048000
    Abstract: A device and a method for facilitating the deposition and patterning of organic materials onto substrates utilizing the vapor transport mechanisms of organic vapor phase deposition is provided. The device includes one or more nozzles, and an apparatus integrally connected to the one or more nozzles, wherein the apparatus includes one or more source cells, a carrier gas inlet, a carrier gas outlet, and a first valve capable of controlling the flow of a carrier gas through the one or more source cells. The method includes moving a substrate relative to an apparatus, and controlling the composition of the organic material and/or the rate of the organic material ejected by the one or more nozzles while moving the substrate relative to the apparatus, such that a patterned organic layer is deposited over the substrate.
    Type: Application
    Filed: April 23, 2003
    Publication date: March 11, 2004
    Inventors: Max Shtein, Stephen R. Forrest, Jay B. Benzinger
  • Publication number: 20040031965
    Abstract: A device is provided that includes an organic light emitting device, and an organic photodetector disposed adjacent the organic light emitting device, the photodetector being adapted to detect light emitted by the organic light emitting device. The photodetector may share a transparent electrode with the organic light emitting device.
    Type: Application
    Filed: August 16, 2002
    Publication date: February 19, 2004
    Inventors: Stephen R. Forrest, Peter Peumans, Michael Hack, Vladimir Bulovic
  • Publication number: 20040031966
    Abstract: A device is provided that includes an organic light emitting device, and a photodetector disposed adjacent the organic light emitting device, the photodetector being adapted to detect light emitted by the organic light emitting device. The photodetector may share a transparent electrode with the organic light emitting device. The photodetector may be organic or inorganic.
    Type: Application
    Filed: September 25, 2002
    Publication date: February 19, 2004
    Inventors: Stephen R. Forrest, Peter Peumans, Michael Hack, Vladimir Bulovic
  • Patent number: 6692820
    Abstract: Organic photosensitive optoelectronic devices (“OPODs”) which include an exciton blocking layer to enhance device efficiency. Single heterostructure, stacked and wave-guide type embodiments. Photodetector OPODs having multilayer structures and an exciton blocking layer. Guidelines for selection of exciton blocking layers are provided.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 5, 2002
    Date of Patent: February 17, 2004
    Assignee: The Trustees of Princeton University
    Inventors: Stephen R. Forrest, Vladimir Bulovic, Peter Peumans
  • Publication number: 20040027065
    Abstract: An organic light emitting device (OLED) is disclosed for which the hole transporting layer, the electron transporting layer and/or the emissive layer, if separately present, is comprised of a non-polymeric material. A method for preparing such OLED's using vacuum deposition techniques is further disclosed.
    Type: Application
    Filed: May 14, 2003
    Publication date: February 12, 2004
    Inventors: Gong Gu, Paul Burrows, Stephen R. Forrest
  • Publication number: 20040007178
    Abstract: Methods for preparing organic thin films on substrates, the method comprising the steps of providing a plurality of organic precursors in the vapor phase, and reacting the plurality or organic precursors at a sub-atmospheric pressure. Also included are thin films made by such a method and apparatuses used to conduct such a method. The method is well-suited to the formation of organic light emitting devices and other display-related technologies.
    Type: Application
    Filed: May 2, 2003
    Publication date: January 15, 2004
    Inventors: Stephen R. Forrest, Paul E. Burrows, Vladimir S. Ban
  • Patent number: 6677174
    Abstract: The present invention relates to patterning methods for organic devices, and more particularly to patterning methods using a die. A first layer of organic materials is deposited over a substrate, followed by a first electrode layer. A first patterned die having a raised portion is then pressed onto the first electrode layer, such that the raised portion of the first patterned die contacts portions of the first electrode layer. The patterned die is removed, such that the portions of the first electrode layer in contact with the raised portions of the first patterned die are removed. In one embodiment of the invention, a second organic layer is then deposited over the first electrode layer, followed by a second electrode layer. A second patterned die having a raised portion is pressed onto the second electrode layer, such that the raised portion of the second patterned die contacts portions of the second electrode layer.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 19, 2002
    Date of Patent: January 13, 2004
    Assignee: The Trustees of Princeton University
    Inventors: Changsoon Kim, Paul E. Burrows, Stephen R. Forrest, Theodore Zhou
  • Publication number: 20030230980
    Abstract: An organic light emitting device is provided, having a p-doped organic layer, an n-doped layer, and a phosphorescent emissive layer disposed between the p-doped and n-doped layers. Blocking layers are used to confine electrons, holes, and excitons in the emissive layer. A device having a cathode on the top is provided, as well as an "inverted"device having a cathode on the bottom.
    Type: Application
    Filed: June 18, 2002
    Publication date: December 18, 2003
    Inventors: Stephen R Forrest, Martin Pfeiffer
  • Patent number: 6657378
    Abstract: The present invention generally relates to organic photosensitive optoelectronic devices. More specifically, it is directed to organic photovoltaic devices, e.g., organic solar cells. Further, it is directed to an optimized organic solar cell comprising multiple stacked subcells in series. High power conversion efficiency are achieved by fabrication of a photovoltaic cell comprising multiple stacked subcells with thickness optimization and employing an electron blocking layer.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 6, 2001
    Date of Patent: December 2, 2003
    Assignee: The Trustees of Princeton University
    Inventors: Stephen R. Forrest, Aharon Yakimov
  • Publication number: 20030213967
    Abstract: A multicolor organic light emitting device employs vertically stacked layers of double heterostructure devices which are fabricated from organic compounds. The vertical stacked structure is formed on a glass base having a transparent coating of ITO or similar metal to provide a substrate. Deposited on the substrate is the vertical stacked arrangement of three double heterostructure devices, each fabricated from a suitable organic material. Stacking is implemented such that the double heterostructure with the longest wavelength is on the top of the stack. This constitutes the device emitting red light on the top with the device having the shortest wavelength, namely, the device emitting blue light, on the bottom of the stack. Located between the red and blue device structures is the green device structure.
    Type: Application
    Filed: June 11, 2003
    Publication date: November 20, 2003
    Inventors: Stephen R. Forrest, Mark E. Thompson, Paul E. Burrows, Vladimir Bulovic, Gong Gu
  • Patent number: 6650045
    Abstract: A multicolor organic light emitting display device employs angle-walled blue, green and red emitting mesas, with optional metal reflectors on the angled walls, in a plurality of pixels. The angle-walled mesas, which resemble truncated pyramids, direct light out of the mesa by reflection from the mesa side walls or by mirror reflection. The device of the present invention reduces waveguiding, thus simultaneously increasing both display brightness and resolution.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 23, 2000
    Date of Patent: November 18, 2003
    Assignee: The Trustees of Princeton University
    Inventors: Stephen R. Forrest, Paul Burrows, Dmitri Z. Garbuzov
  • Publication number: 20030209972
    Abstract: When the density of excitons in an organic single crystal (including the linear acenes, polyacenes, and thiophenes) approaches the density of molecular sites, an electron-hole plasma may form in the material altering the overall excitonic character of the system. The formation of the electron-hole plasma arises as a result of the screening of Coulomb interactions within individual excitons by injected free carriers. The large exciton densities required to accomplish this screening process can only be realized when excitons collect near dislocations, defects, traps, or are confined in heterostructures. Such confinement and subsequently large exciton densities allows for the observation of physical phenomena not generally accessible in an organic material. Specifically, the formation of an electron-hole plasma in an organic single crystal can allow for the observation of field-effect transistor action and electrically-pumped lasing.
    Type: Application
    Filed: May 10, 2002
    Publication date: November 13, 2003
    Inventors: Russell James Delmar Holmes, Marc A. Baldo, Stephen R. Forrest
  • Patent number: 6645645
    Abstract: An organic light emitting device structure having an organic light emitting device (OLED) over a substrate, where the OLED has, for example, an anode, a hole transporting layer (HTL), a first electron transporting layer (ETL) that is doped with a phosphorescent material, a second electron transporting layer (ETL), and a cathode. The OLEDs of the present invention are directed, in particular, to devices that include an emissive layer comprised of an electron transporting host material having a triplet excited state energy level that is higher than the emissive triplet excited state energy level of the phosphorescent dopant material.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 1, 2000
    Date of Patent: November 11, 2003
    Assignee: The Trustees of Princeton University
    Inventors: Chihaya Adachi, Marc A. Baldo, Stephen R. Forrest
  • Publication number: 20030203236
    Abstract: Organic light emitting devices are disclosed which are comprised of a heterostructure for producing electroluminescence wherein the heterostructure is comprised of an emissive layer containing a phosphorescent dopant compound.
    Type: Application
    Filed: April 30, 2003
    Publication date: October 30, 2003
    Inventors: Mark E. Thompson, Yujian You, Andrei Shoustikov, Scott Sibley, Paul E. Burrows, Stephen R. Forrest
  • Patent number: 6639357
    Abstract: A highly transparent non-metallic cathode is disclosed that comprises a metal-doped organic electron injection layer that is in direct contact with a transparent non-metallic electron injecting cathode layer, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), wherein the metal-doped organic electron injection layer also functions as an exciton blocking or hole blocking layer. The metal-doped organic electron injection layer is created by diffusing an ultra-thin layer of about 5-10 Å of a highly electropositive metal such as Li throughout the layer. A representative embodiment of the highly transparent non-metallic cathode comprises a layer of ITO, a layer of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), which acts as an electron injection, exciton blocking, and hole blocking layer, and an ultra-thin layer of lithium, which degenerately dopes the layer of BCP, improving the electron injecting properties of the BCP layer.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 9, 2000
    Date of Patent: October 28, 2003
    Assignee: The Trustees of Princeton University
    Inventors: Gautam Parthasarathy, Chihaya Adachi, Paul E. Burrows, Stephen R. Forrest
  • Publication number: 20030197467
    Abstract: The present invention is directed to simplified OLED structures comprising an anode layer, a hole injecting layer (HIL) in direct contact with the anode layer, an emissive organic electron transporting layer (ETL) in direct contact with the hole injecting layer, and a cathode layer in direct contact with the emissive organic electron transporting layer. The hole injecting material used in the hole injecting layer is characterized, in particular, as being an organic material having an ionization potential that is not more than about 0.7 eV greater than the ionization potential of the material used for the anode layer. The emissive organic electron transporting layer comprises an organic electron transporting material and an organic hole-trapping emissive material, for example, an organic phosphorescent material that produces emission from a triplet excited state of an organic molecule.
    Type: Application
    Filed: May 30, 2003
    Publication date: October 23, 2003
    Inventors: Chihaya Adachi, Marc A. Baldo, Stephen R. Forrest
  • Publication number: 20030178619
    Abstract: Organic light emitting devices are described wherein the emissive layer comprises a host material containing a fluorescent or phosphorescent emissive molecule, which molecule is adapted to luminesce when a voltage is applied across the heterostructure, wherein an intersystem crossing molecule of optical absorption spectrum matched to the emission spectrum of the emissive molecule enhances emission efficiency.
    Type: Application
    Filed: January 31, 2003
    Publication date: September 25, 2003
    Inventors: Stephen R. Forrest, Mark E. Thompson, Marc A. Baldo
  • Publication number: 20030175553
    Abstract: The present invention relates to efficient organic light emitting devices (OLEDs). More specifically, the present invention relates to white-emitting OLEDs, or WOLEDs. The devices of the present invention employ two emitters in a single emissive region to sufficiently cover the visible spectrum. White emission is achieved from two emitters in a single emissive region through the formation of an aggregate by one of the emissive centers. This allows the construction of simple, bright and efficient WOLEDs that exhibit a high color rendering index.
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 24, 2002
    Publication date: September 18, 2003
    Inventors: Mark E. Thompson, Jason Brooks, Vadim Adamovich, Stephen R. Forrest, Brian D'Andrade