Abstract: The invention provides an open-stage near-TIRF microscope in which all of the optical components are positioned underneath the sample, allowing for physical access to, and control over the environment of, the sample. The microscope can be used to image cells expressing fluorescent voltage indicators. Since the TIRF components do not interfere with the sample, living cells can be studied using a microscope of the invention. Where a sample includes electrically active cells expressing fluorescent voltage indicators, the microscope can be used to view voltage changes in, and thus the electrical activity of, those cells.

Abstract: The invention provides an open-stage near-TIRF microscope in which all of the optical components are positioned underneath the sample, allowing for physical access to, and control over the environment of, the sample. The microscope can be used to image cells expressing fluorescent voltage indicators. Since the TIRF components do not interfere with the sample, living cells can be studied using a microscope of the invention. Where a sample includes electrically active cells expressing fluorescent voltage indicators, the microscope can be used to view voltage changes in, and thus the electrical activity of, those cells.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for intelligent default selection of characters to be entered via an on-screen keyboard. Based on one to several criteria, a character most likely to be selected for entry via the on-screen keyboard during a search request is determined and a selector is positioned at that particular character. If that character is indeed the character the user wishes to enter, the user does not have to execute any navigation steps to enter the character, but can—with a single actuation—enter that character. In many instances, the user will only have to enter the selection without first having to navigate to the selection. As a result, the number of times buttons need to be actuated by the user to enter a character string can be significantly reduced.

Abstract: In one implementation, a method is described that may include applying at least one of a capitalization rule and a spacing rule to a word obtained from compressed electronic program guide (EPG) data. The compressed EPG data includes a plurality of word encoding values and a plurality of character encoding values. Each of the capitalization and spacing rules may be based on an arrangement, in the compressed EPG data, of one said word encoding value that references the obtained word with respect to one or more character encoding values. The capitalization and spacing rules may also be based on an arrangement, in the compressed EPG data, of one word encoding value that references the obtained word with respect to at least one other word encoding value. An output is made of the obtained word to which there has been applied at least one of the capitalization rule and the spacing rule.

Abstract: In one implementation, a method is described that may include applying at least one of a capitalization rule and a spacing rule to a word obtained from compressed electronic program guide (EPG) data. The compressed EPG data includes a plurality of word encoding values and a plurality of character encoding values. Each of the capitalization and spacing rules may be based on an arrangement, in the compressed EPG data, of one said word encoding value that references the obtained word with respect to one or more character encoding values. The capitalization and spacing rules may also be based on an arrangement, in the compressed EPG data, of one word encoding value that references the obtained word with respect to at least one other word encoding value. An output is made of the obtained word to which there has been applied at least one of the capitalization rule and the spacing rule.

Abstract: Systems and methods described herein related to dynamically adjusting levels of detail of content event descriptions contained in an EPG according to a user's behavior. Predictions are made based on the user's behavior as to which content events the user may desire to see a more detailed description for. Rankings are assigned to future events based on the user's behavior. When it comes time to update the EPG (i.e., download event descriptions for one or more new time periods), the rankings are utilized to determine which events should have event descriptions of a greater detail stored for them. Memory is more efficiently utilized by having high level event descriptions available for events in which the user is likely to be interested and low level event descriptions available for events in which the user is probably not interested.

Abstract: Subject matter includes methods of using conventional set-top boxes that receive streaming video modulated on coaxial cable rather than over an IP-based LAN as nodes in a media network. In one implementation, an exemplary adapter is used to integrate a conventional set-top box into a media network. In one implementation, an exemplary filter is used to reserve frequencies for communications between a conventional set-top box and a hub and to prevent communications from leaving a media network. In one implementation, an exemplary content protection method provides a way of encrypting program content on the media network in a manner that a conventional set-top box can decode.

Abstract: Overlaying visual interface information atop a video signal without obscuring desired features of the video signal. The video signal may contain one or more pre-selected features, such as text. Two or more display sections equally divide the video signal, and any pre-selected features in the video signal are identified as residing in particular display sections. Depending on the nature of the features, the selected visual interface information is placed atop the video signal in a display section not containing any pre-selected features so as not to cover or obscure the features or is placed over specified features that do not significantly contribute to the video signal, such as blank or static screen regions. A hierarchy of preferred display sections for placing the visual interface information may be created to optimize the placement thereof. The methods for overlaying visual interface information find particular application with interactive television systems.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for intelligent default selection of characters to be entered via an on-screen keyboard. Based on one to several criteria, a character most likely to be selected for entry via the on-screen keyboard during a search request is determined and a selector is positioned at that particular character. If that character is indeed the character the user wishes to enter, the user does not have to execute any navigation steps to enter the character, but can—with a single actuation—enter that character. In many instances, the user will only have to enter the selection without first having to navigate to the selection. As a result, the number of times buttons need to be actuated by the user to enter a character string can be significantly reduced.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for intelligent default selection of characters to be entered via an on-screen keyboard. Based on one to several criteria, a character most likely to be selected for entry via the on-screen keyboard during a search request is determined and a selector is positioned at that particular character. If that character is indeed the character the user wishes to enter, the user does not have to execute any navigation steps to enter the character, but can—with a single actuation—enter that character. In many instances, the user will only have to enter the selection without first having to navigate to the selection. As a result, the number of times buttons need to be actuated by the user to enter a character string can be significantly reduced.

Abstract: Overlaying visual interface information atop a video signal without obscuring desired features of the video signal. The video signal may contain one or more pre-selected features, such as text. Two or more display sections equally divide the video signal, and any pre-selected features in the video signal are identified as residing in particular display sections. Depending on the nature of the features, the selected visual interface information is placed atop the video signal in a display section not containing any pre-selected features so as not to cover or obscure the features or is placed over specified features that do not significantly contribute to the video signal, such as blank or static screen regions. A hierarchy of preferred display sections for placing the visual interface information may be created to optimize the placement thereof. The methods for overlaying visual interface information find particular application with interactive television systems.

Abstract: Overlaying visual interface information atop a video signal without obscuring desired features of the video signal. The video signal may contain one or more pre-selected features, such as text. Two or more display sections equally divide the video signal, and any pre-selected features in the video signal are identified as residing in particular display sections. Depending on the nature of the features, the selected visual interface information is placed atop the video signal in a display section not containing any pre-selected features so as not to cover or obscure the features or is placed over specified features that do not significantly contribute to the video signal, such as blank or static screen regions. A hierarchy of preferred display sections for placing the visual interface information may be created to optimize the placement thereof. The methods for overlaying visual interface information find particular application with interactive television systems.

Abstract: Overlaying visual interface information atop a video signal without obscuring desired features of the video signal. The video signal may contain one or more pre-selected features, such as text. Two or more display sections equally divide the video signal, and any pre-selected features in the video signal are identified as residing in particular display sections. Depending on the nature of the features, the selected visual interface information is placed atop the video signal in a display section not containing any pre-selected features so as not to cover or obscure the features or is placed over specified features that do not significantly contribute to the video signal, such as blank or static screen regions. A hierarchy of preferred display sections for placing the visual interface information may be created to optimize the placement thereof. The methods for overlaying visual interface information find particular application with interactive television systems.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for utilizing a high bandwidth communications channel for broadcasting network data during off-peak hours is disclosed. A demodulation unit includes, 1) a standard television broadcast signal receiver, the signal having a plurality of channels; 2) a partitioning unit configured to partition at least one channel of said plurality of channels into a plurality of variable size sub-channels; 3) a modulating unit configured to modulate a variety of different types of information into said plurality of sub-channels; and 4) a transmitter configured to transmit said plurality of sub-channels over a high bandwidth communications channel during off-peak hours.

Abstract: Subject matter includes methods of using conventional set-top boxes that receive streaming video modulated on coaxial cable rather than over an IP-based LAN as nodes in a media network. In one implementation, an exemplary adapter is used to integrate a conventional set-top box into a media network. In one implementation, an exemplary filter is used to reserve frequencies for communications between a conventional set-top box and a hub and to prevent communications from leaving a media network. In one implementation, an exemplary content protection method provides a way of encrypting program content on the media network in a manner that a conventional set-top box can decode.

Abstract: a method is described which may be used to compress EPG data. EPG data may include a plurality of television programs. Each television program may have one or more values that respectively describe one or more television program characteristics. In one implementation, the EPG data is compressed by comparing the one or more values of each said television program with unique combinations of values to find a match. Each value in each unique combination describes a television program characteristic. Each of said unique combinations is in a table that includes a plurality of identifiers, and wherein each said identifier references one said unique combinations. For each said match, one or more values of the television program are replaced with an identifier in the table that references the matching unique combination of values.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for intelligent default selection of characters to be entered via an on-screen keyboard. Based on one to several criteria, a character most likely to be selected for entry via the on-screen keyboard during a search request is determined and a selector is positioned at that particular character. If that character is indeed the character the user wishes to enter, the user does not have to execute any navigation steps to enter the character, but can—with a single actuation—enter that character. In many instances, the user will only have to enter the selection without first having to navigate to the selection. As a result, the number of times buttons need to be actuated by the user to enter a character string can be significantly reduced.

Abstract: A conditional access system employs a hybrid hardware/software architecture that is secure, yet allows easy renewability. The system has a security module implemented on a single embedded IC that performs all of the cryptographic functionality and stores all cryptographic keys used in decryption of content. Conditional access policies are established by one or more software components that execute on a processor separate from the security module. Content deemed accessible by the software components is passed to the security module, where it is decrypted using the keys maintained in the module. The decrypted content is then transferred out from the security module to a processor for further processing. With this hybrid architecture, the cryptographic keys and algorithm primitives are securely maintained within the embedded module, and not exposed to other components.

Abstract: Systems and methods described herein related to dynamically adjusting levels of detail of content event descriptions contained in an EPG according to a user's behavior. Predictions are made based on the user's behavior as to which content events the user may desire to see a more detailed description for. Rankings are assigned to future events based on the user's behavior. When it comes time to update the EPG (i.e., download event descriptions for one or more new time periods), the rankings are utilized to determine which events should have event descriptions of a greater detail stored for them. Memory is more efficiently utilized by having high level event descriptions available for events in which the user is likely to be interested and low level event descriptions available for events in which the user is probably not interested.

Abstract: Signals are transmitted over a multiplexed channel for receipt by a plurality of client devices. One of the signals carries content data and another signal carries message data associated with an identifier. The message data can be output only by those client devices identified by the identifier.