Abstract: Missing interrupt handler (MIH) software features for supporting a variable MIH timeout for I/O requests issued by an operating system (OS). The MIH timeout is varied to prevent a false indication of a failure in an I/O device operation, which is indicated if the MIH timeout occurs. By extending the MIH timeout, the I/O device is given more time to complete its operation, and the extension is provided when the device control unit (CU), or the OS, determines an I/O operation cannot complete before the shortest available MIH timeout. The length of a primary MIH timeout period is extended to a secondary MIH timeout period in response to the OS detecting that an I/O request has a long command that requires a long operating time in the I/O device, or a signal from the device's CU indicating that the current operation in the I/O device is taking an excessive time without the device being in any error condition.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and kits for producing specific binding pairs (sbp) members. Populations of polypeptide chain components of sbp members are combined to form libraries of sbps displayed by secreted replicable genetic display packages (rgdp). At least one of the polypeptide chains is expressed as a fusion with a component of an rgdp which thereby displays that polypeptide chain at the surface of rgdp. At least one population of polypeptide chains is expressed from nucleic acid which is capable of being packaged using a component of an rgdp, whereby the genetic material of rgdps produced encodes a polypeptide chain. The methods enable production of libraries of multimeric sbp members from a very large number of possible combinations. In one embodiment of the invention a method employs "chain shuffling" in the production of sbp members of desired specificity for a counterpart sbp member. Selection procedures are also described.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and kits for producing specific binding pairs (sbp) members. Populations of polypeptide chain components of sbp members are combined to form libraries of sbps displayed by secreted replicable genetic display packages (rgdp). At least one of the polypeptide chains is expressed as a fusion with a component of an rgdp which thereby displays that polypeptide chain at the surface of rgdp. At least one population of polypeptide chains is expressed from nucleic acid which is capable of being packaged using a component of an rgdp, whereby the genetic material of rgdps produced encodes a polypeptide chain. The methods enable production of libraries of multimeric sbp members from a very large number of possible combinations. In one embodiment of the invention a method employs "chain shuffling" in the production of sbp members of desired specificity for a counterpart sbp member. Selection procedures are also described.

Abstract: Attenuated microorganism for use in immunoprophylaxis in which the attenuation is brought about by the presence of a mutation in the DNA sequence of the microorganism which encodes, or which regulates the expression of DNA encoding a protein that is produced in response to environmental stress, the microorganism optionally being capable of expressing DNA encoding a heterologous antigen.

Abstract: Missing interrupt handler (MIH) internal software features support a variable MIH timeout for I/O requests issued by an operating system (OS), when the same OS is involved with both an executing I/O request and a waiting I/O request. The OS varies its MIH timeout period without a signal from any I/O entity to prevent a false indication of a potential failure in a current I/O device operation. If a current I/O request has not completed when the OS senses the end of a primary MIH timeout period, started when issuing that request, the OS then scans the I/O program of that I/O request for any contained long-running command. (Most I/O requests complete during their primary MIH timeout period.) If a long command is found, the OS extends the MIH timeout period from the primary MIH timeout period to a long MIH timeout period, The latter gives the I/O device more time to complete its operation before the OS indicates it has a potential I/O error condition.

Abstract: I/O control unit (CU) features for supporting multiple host operating systems (OSs) which use missing interrupt handler (MIH) timeout functions for detecting potential failures of requested I/O device operations. These CU features support multiple host OSs by preventing them from falsely indicating I/O device failures, when in fact the device has not failed but is merely processing one or more other requests for other host Oss.

Abstract: Methods, recombinant host cells and kits are disclosed for the production of members of specific binding pairs (sbp), e.g. antibodies, using display on the surface of secreted replicable genetic display packages (rgdps), e.g. filamentous phage. To produce a library of great diversity, recombination occurs between first and second vectors comprising nucleic acid encoding first and second polypeptide chains of sbp members respectively, thereby producing recombinant vectors each encoding both a first and a second polypeptide chain component of an sbp member. The recombination may take place in vitro or intracellularly and may be site-specific, e.g. involving use of the loxP sequence and mutants thereof. Recombination may take place after prior screening or selecting for rgdps displaying sbp members which bind complementary sbp member of interest.