Abstract: Lubricating oil stocks produced by methods such as catalytic dewaxing or hydrocracking, comprising hydroprocesses, are stabilized against oxidation by the addition of hydrogen sulfide to the hydroprocessing hydrogen-containing feed using hydroprocess effluent as a source of said hydrogen-containing feed. The H.sub.2 S present in the hydrogen-containing feed saturates olefins that contribute to oxidation instability and restores antioxidant sulfur compounds such as thiols to the lube stock.

Abstract: An improved method for recovering and deasphalting tar sands comprises the use of at least two solvents in an extraction column to establish a liquid polarity gradient within it.

Abstract: Chemical methods for diminishing the viscosity of petroleum residuals are disclosed. According to a preferred embodiment, residuals and olefins are coreacted employing a peroxide and a silver salt at a temperature between the pour point of the residual and about 350.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for multi-solvent extraction is provided wherein polarity gradients induced by distillation are utilized for the extraction of petroleum residua and other heavy oils whereby a high quality maltenic fraction and a lower quality asphaltenic fraction are obtained.

Abstract: A process for the purification of liquefied coal is disclosed, employing a polarity gradient for fractionation. Maltenic and asphaltenic fractions are isolated. Integration of the fractionation process with additional processes such as distillation, partial oxidation, and catalytic hydrotreating is also disclosed.

Abstract: An improved hydrotreating catalyst, and a process for using thereof, comprises a conventional Group VIA and Group VIIIA metal oxide or metal sulfide, deposited on an inorganic refractory support and about 0.1% by weight to about 7% by weight of the catalyst of a promoter comprising a halogenated metal selected from the Group consisting of halogenated metals of Group IB, IIB, IIIB, titanium and tin. The presence of the promoter results in greater degree of desulfurization and in CCR reduction of hydrocarbon feedstocks, especially highly aromatic petroleum residue and synthetically-derived hydrocarbons, e.g., coal liquids.

Abstract: An improved hydrotreating catalyst, and a process for using thereof, comprises a conventional Group VIA and Group VIIIA metal metal oxide or metal sulfide, deposited on an inorganic refractory support and about 0.1% by weight to about 7% by weight of the catalyst of a promoter comprising a halogenated metal selected from the Group consisting of halogenated metals of Group IB, IIB, IIIB, titanium and tin. The presence of the promoter results in greater degree of desulfurization and in CCR reduction of hydrocarbon feedstocks, especially highly aromatic petroleum residua and synthetically-derived hydrocarbons, e.g., coal liquids.

Abstract: Resids are hydrocracked at low pressure (600 psig and 825.degree. F.) in a solvent, while being demetalated, desulfurized, and decarbonized, by passing the solution through a dual-bed catalytic system having a large-pore catalyst as the first bed and a small-pore as the second bed. The solvent is preferably process generated and recycled, boiling at about 400.degree.-700.degree. F.

Abstract: Methylation of coal-derived liquids and other polynuclear aromatic distillate feed stocks for improving distillate fuel quality is achieved by contacting the feed stock with hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide over conventional sulfur-resistant hydrotreating catalysts. The resultant product comprises methylated aromatic and hydroaromatic molecules of increased diesel quality. Further hydrogenating of the methylated hydrocarbons further increases the cetane number of the methylated product. A major product of the methylation reaction is elemental sulfur.

Abstract: A process for increasing coker distillate yield in a coking process by adding a small amount, generally 0.005-10% by weight of a free radical inhibitor selected from the group consisting of hydroquinone and N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine to the coker feed material.

Abstract: Desulfurization, denitrogenation, deoxygenation and CCR reduction of highly aromatic petroleum and coal derived liquids are conducted with hydrogen and with a refractory base catalyst incorporating at least one Group VIA metal and at least one Group VIII metal. The catalyst has a surface area of between about 100 and 300 m.sup.2 /g and a total pore volume of between about 0.3 and 1.

Abstract: Catalyst poisoning contaminants such as arsenic and selenium are removed from hydrocarbonaceous fluids particularly shale oil by contact with high-sodium alumina in the presence of hydrogen; saturation of conjugated diolefins is also effected.

Abstract: An improved method for deasphalting residua or heavy oils comprises the use of at least two solvents in an extraction column to establish a liquid polarity gradient within it.

Abstract: Desulfurization, denitrogenation, deoxygenation and CCR reduction of highly aromatic petroleum and coal derived liquids are conducted with hydrogen and with a refractory base catalyst incorporating at least one Group VIA metal and at least one Group VIII metal. The catalyst has a surface area of between about 100 and 300 m.sup.2 /g and a total pore volume of between about 0.3 and 1.