Abstract: A battery includes an electrode assembly including a first electrode, a second electrode and a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, the first electrode, the second electrode and the separator being wound around a winding axis to define a core and an outer peripheral surface. The first electrode and the second electrode include a first uncoated region and a second uncoated region along a winding direction, respectively, and an active material layer coating is absent in the first uncoated region and the second uncoated region. The battery further includes a housing receiving the electrode assembly through an opening formed at a bottom, a first current collector coupled to the first uncoated region and disposed within the housing, a cap covering the opening, a spacer interposed between the cap and the electrode assembly to fix the electrode assembly and seal the housing, and a terminal electrically connected to the second uncoated region.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode assembly, a battery, and a battery pack and a vehicle including the same. In the electrode assembly, a first electrode, a second electrode, and a separator interposed therebetween are wound based on an axis to define a core and an outer circumference. The first electrode includes an uncoated portion at a long side end thereof and exposed out of the separator along a winding axis direction of the electrode assembly. A part of the uncoated portion is bent in a radial direction of the electrode assembly to form a bending surface region that includes overlapping layers of the uncoated portion, and in a partial region of the bending surface region, the number of stacked layers of the uncoated portion is 10 or more in the winding axis direction of the electrode assembly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent device comprising at least one light-emitting layer between an anode and a cathode, wherein the light-emitting layer comprises a host and a phosphorescent dopant; the host comprises plural host compounds; at least a first host compound of the plural host compounds has a structure of a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic linker bonded to a nitrogen atom of a carbazole of an indole-carbazole, indene-carbazole, benzofuran-carbazole, or benzothiophene-carbazole residue; and a second host compound has a carbazole-aryl-carbazole or carbazole-carbazole structure. According to the present invention, by using a specific multi-component host different from the conventional organic electroluminescent device, an organic electroluminescent device of significantly improved lifespan is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a polypeptide having cephalosporin C(CPC) acylase activity and a use thereof. More specifically, a mutant CPC acylase comprising a point mutation introduced thereinto, thereby exhibiting improved enzymatic activity and/or stability, and a use of the mutant CPC acylase for producing 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA), are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an antioxidant composition and, more specifically, to an antioxidant composition including a Sargassum serratifolium extract or a fraction thereof as an active ingredient, in which the antioxidant composition is a useful material (substance) that can be added to medicines, cosmetics, foods, animal feeds, and the like. The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating eye diseases, a food composition for alleviating eye diseases, and a health functional food, each of which includes a Sargassum serratifolium extract or a compound separated therefrom as an active ingredient.

Abstract: A memory controller performs an efficient error correction operation. The memory controller controls a memory device. The memory controller includes: an error corrector configured to perform one or more error correction operations to correct an error included in data read from the memory device during a read operation, the one or more error correction operations including a first error correction operation performed using a first read voltage determined based on a threshold voltage distribution obtained by assuming that a number of memory cells in an erase state is equal to a number of memory cells in a program state and a data controller in communication with the error corrector to receive first error correction data obtained from the first error correction operation and configured to store the first error correction data in the memory controller.

Abstract: A memory controller controls a memory device including a plurality of memory cells. The memory controller may include a workload determination circuit configured to determine a workload state indicating an operating pattern of the memory device based on optimal read voltages for reading the plurality of memory cells when a read operation performed on the memory cells fails; and an operating environment setting circuit configured to set an operating environment of the memory device based on the workload state.

Abstract: A memory controller performs an efficient error correction operation. The memory controller controls a memory device. The memory controller includes: an error corrector configured to perform one or more error correction operations to correct an error included in data read from the memory device during a read operation, the one or more error correction operations including a first error correction operation performed using a first read voltage determined based on a threshold voltage distribution obtained by assuming that a number of memory cells in an erase state is equal to a number of memory cells in a program state and a data controller in communication with the error corrector to receive first error correction data obtained from the first error correction operation and configured to store the first error correction data in the memory controller.

Abstract: A memory system may include: a memory device configured to perform one or more of data write, read and erase operations; and a controller configured to execute an error management command and control the operation of the memory device, wherein the error management command is configured to determine first data which is highly likely to cause a read fail, among data stored in the memory device, determine one or more second data which is used to generate predicted error parity, and generate the predicted error parity based on the determined first and second data, and wherein the memory device performs the write operation to store indexes of the first and second data and the predicted error parity, under control of the controller.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an antioxidant composition and, more specifically, to an antioxidant composition including a Sargassum serratifolium extract or a fraction thereof as an active ingredient, in which the antioxidant composition is a useful material (substance) that can be added to medicines, cosmetics, foods, animal feeds, and the like. The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating eye diseases, a food composition for alleviating eye diseases, and a health functional food, each of which includes a Sargassum serratifolium extract or a compound separated therefrom as an active ingredient.

Abstract: A memory controller controls a memory device including a plurality of memory cells. The memory controller may include a workload determination circuit configured to determine a workload state indicating an operating pattern of the memory device based on optimal read voltages for reading the plurality of memory cells when a read operation performed on the memory cells fails; and an operating environment setting circuit configured to set an operating environment of the memory device based on the workload state.

Abstract: A memory system may include: a memory device configured to perform one or more of data write, read and erase operations; and a controller configured to execute an error management command and control the operation of the memory device, wherein the error management command is configured to determine first data which is highly likely to cause a read fail, among data stored in the memory device, determine one or more second data which is used to generate predicted error parity, and generate the predicted error parity based on the determined first and second data, and wherein the memory device performs the write operation to store indexes of the first and second data and the predicted error parity, under control of the controller.

Abstract: A data storage device includes a nonvolatile memory device and a controller configured to control an operation of the nonvolatile memory device. The controller includes an RAM in which a category table that categories with respect to LBAs are defined and a read voltage table that read voltages with respect to the categories are set are stored and a controller configured to, when a read request and an LBA to be read are received from a host apparatus, determine a category corresponding to the LBA with reference to the category table and perform a read operation on a read-requested memory cell of the nonvolatile memory device by applying a read voltage corresponding to the determined category to the memory cell with reference to the read voltage table.

Abstract: A memory system may include: a memory device including a plurality of memory blocks each having a plurality of sub memory blocks; and a controller suitable for performing an error correction operation to the memory blocks during a read operation to the memory blocks, updating a characteristic list for the memory blocks at each error correction operation to the memory blocks, classifying the memory blocks and the sub memory blocks according to the updated values in the characteristic list, and performing a program operation to the memory blocks according to the classification.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an antioxidant composition and, more specifically, to an antioxidant composition including a Sargassum serratifolium extract or a fraction thereof as an active ingredient, in which the antioxidant composition is a useful material (substance) that can be added to medicines, cosmetics, foods, animal feeds, and the like. The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating eye diseases, a food composition for alleviating eye diseases, and a health functional food, each of which includes a Sargassum serratifolium extract or a compound separated therefrom as an active ingredient.

Abstract: A method of separating oil-soluble pigment and water-soluble pigment from natural material using aerogels characterized in comprising the steps of: (A) immersing a natural material in a leaching solvent to extract a pigment; (B) mixing the leaching solution from which pigment is extracted in step (A) with aerogel to adsorb oil-soluble pigment to aerogels; (C) separating oil-soluble pigment adsorbed on the surface of aerogel in step (B); (D) drying and concentrating the pigment separated in step (C), enhancing a method of separating from natural material the initial substance for pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, etc. facilitating a safer and more efficient production process compared to the conventional separation method.

Abstract: A memory system may include: a memory device including a plurality of memory blocks each having a plurality of sub memory blocks; and a controller suitable for performing an error correction operation to the memory blocks during a read operation to the memory blocks, updating a characteristic list for the memory blocks at each error correction operation to the memory blocks, classifying the memory blocks and the sub memory blocks according to the updated values in the characteristic list, and performing a program operation to the memory blocks according to the classification.

Abstract: A method of separating oil-soluble pigment and water-soluble pigment from natural material using aerogels characterized in comprising the steps of: (A) immersing a natural material in a leaching solvent to extract a pigment; (B) mixing the leaching solution from which pigment is extracted in step (A) with aerogel to adsorb oil-soluble pigment to aerogels; (C) separating oil-soluble pigment adsorbed on the surface of aerogel in step (B); (D) drying and concentrating the pigment separated in step (C), enhancing a method of separating from natural material the initial substance for pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, etc. facilitating a safer and more efficient production process compared to the conventional separation method.

Abstract: A data storage device includes a nonvolatile memory device and a controller configured to control an operation of the nonvolatile memory device. The controller includes an RAM in which a category table that categories with respect to LBAs are defined and a read voltage table that read voltages with respect to the categories are set are stored and a controller configured to, when a read request and an LBA to be read are received from a host apparatus, determine a category corresponding to the LBA with reference to the category table and perform a read operation on a read-requested memory cell of the nonvolatile memory device by applying a read voltage corresponding to the determined category to the memory cell with reference to the read voltage table.

Abstract: A data storage device includes a controller; and a nonvolatile memory device including a plurality of memory blocks, and suitable for erasing a memory block selected from among the plurality of memory blocks, wherein the controller is suitable for managing the memory block through an erase prohibition list so that at least one predetermined erase cycle is ensured for the memory block.