Abstract: A light guide plate having a multi-periodic micro pattern, which can minimize chromatic dispersion, and an illumination apparatus for a display device employing the light guide plate are provided. The light guide plate includes a top surface and a micro pattern formed on the top surface and allowing light, which is incident from a first side surface of the light guide plate, to be emitted from the top surface. The micro pattern is a combination of at least two periodic patterns having different periods to reduce chromatic dispersion of light emitted from the top surface.

Abstract: An OLED display device and a method of fabricating the same. The OLED display device has at least one of a common power bus line or a cathode bus line formed at a peripheral portion of the OLED display device. By forming a lower line when a gate electrode of a thin film transistor is formed, and forming an upper line connected to the lower line through a contact hole when source and drain electrodes of the thin film transistor are formed, a dual structure of lower and upper lines is formed. As such, the OLED display device can reduce the width of interconnections without a high voltage drop to thereby increase an emission area of a light emitting portion of the OLED display device.

Abstract: A backlight unit includes a point light source emitting light and a light guide panel including a holographic pattern formed to have a concentric circle shape having a center at the point light center. Thus, since the incident azimuth angle of light incident on the holographic pattern can be made constant, an efficiency of light exhausted through the light exhaust surface can be improved. Also, since the distribution of the exhaust azimuth angle of the exhaust light can be made uniform, a uniform brightness can be obtained from the exhaust surface.

Abstract: An organic light emitting device is disclosed that may include a first electrode, a hole injecting layer, a hole transporting layer, an emitting layer, and a second electrode, wherein a ratio of thickness between the hole injecting layer and the hole transporting layer is in a range of about 1:1 to about 1:10. Since the relative thicknesses of the hole injecting layer and the hole transporting layer are controlled, leakage current in the organic light emitting device decreases. As a result, the electrical characteristics and the testability of the organic light emitting device may be improved.

Abstract: The invention provides an electronic device configured to prevent or reduce electrostatic discharge from causing a pixel to malfunction. An electronic device manufactured according to the principles of the invention may include multiple conductive layers that cross but do not contact each other, wherein at least one of the conductive layers includes a width change part having a width that changes in a length direction of the at least one of the conductive layers, and a tab connected to at least one of the conductive layers at a region thereof that does not cross a neighboring conductive layer. Alternatively, the width change part may have a width that continuously varies along a length of the at least one conductive layer and may also have obtuse corner edges. The invention also provides a flat organic electroluminescent display (OELD) or LCD display device that includes such an electronic device.

Abstract: A backlight unit includes a light guide panel where a holographic pattern is formed. A point light source emits light to an edge of the light guide panel. A refractive member is provided between the point light source and the light guide panel and reduces an azimuth angle of light incident on the light guide panel. The refractive member includes, from an optical axis of the point light source, a light transmission zone transmitting light as it is, a blaze zone where a blaze pattern having a saw-toothed shape in which one surface near the optical axis and substantially parallel to the optical axis is formed, and a prism zone where a triangular prism pattern is formed. The backlight unit may further include a diffusive member diffusing light emitted from the point light source to be incident on the refractive member.

Abstract: An edge light type backlight unit having an improved light-reception portion. The backlight unit includes one or more light sources that emit light, a light guide panel that guides the propagation of light incident on one side edge thereof, one or more light-reception portions having a first entrance face slanted opposite the side edge of the light guide panel on which the light is incident at a predetermined angle, and one or more reflecting elements that are disposed between each of the light-reception portions and each of the light sources and guides the light emitted by the light source so that it is incident on the first entrance face.

Abstract: An illumination apparatus for planar display devices, including an optical element for making light travel parallel to an optical axis, is provided. The illumination apparatus includes a dot light source for radiating light, and a light guide plate having the optical element. The optical element is composed of a first refraction facet, which is adjacent to the dot light source and increases the emission angle of the light, and a second refraction facet, which is isolated a predetermined distance from the first refraction facet while facing the first refraction facet and reduces the emission angle of the light. In this structure, the light travels parallel to the optical axis. In the illumination apparatus, the emission angle of incident light is reduced, preferably, the light travels parallel to the optical axis.

Abstract: A backlight unit is provided including a light guide panel (LGP), a point light source emitting light at an edge of the LGP; and a refraction member being positioned between the point light source and the LGP and refracting the light emitted from the point light source toward the optical axis of the point light source in order to reduce the azimuth angle of the light that is incident upon the LGP. The refraction member includes a prism array in which a V-shaped prism pattern is repeatedly arrayed, the apex of the prism pattern facing the edge of the LGP, and a transparent portion that prevents the light from being totally reflected by the prism pattern in a region along an optical axis of the light source.

Abstract: A backlight unit includes a point light source emitting light and a light guide panel including a holographic pattern formed to have a concentric circle shape having a center at the point light center. Thus, since the incident azimuth angle of light incident on the holographic pattern can be made constant, an efficiency of light exhausted through the light exhaust surface can be improved. Also, since the distribution of the exhaust azimuth angle of the exhaust light can be made uniform, a uniform brightness can be obtained from the exhaust surface.

Abstract: A backlight unit includes a light guide panel where a holographic pattern is formed. A point light source emits light to an edge of the light guide panel. A refractive member is provided between the point light source and the light guide panel and reduces an azimuth angle of light incident on the light guide panel. The refractive member includes, from an optical axis of the point light source, a light transmission zone transmitting light as it is, a blaze zone where a blaze pattern having a saw-toothed shape in which one surface near the optical axis and substantially parallel to the optical axis is formed, and a prism zone where a triangular prism pattern is formed. The backlight unit may further include a diffusive member diffusing light emitted from the point light source to be incident on the refractive member.

Abstract: An illumination apparatus for planar display devices, including an optical element for making light travel parallel to an optical axis, is provided. The illumination apparatus includes a dot light source for radiating light, and a light guide plate having the optical element. The optical element is composed of a first refraction facet, which is adjacent to the dot light source and increases the emission angle of the light, and a second refraction facet, which is isolated a predetermined distance from the first refraction facet while facing the first refraction facet and reduces the emission angle of the light. In this structure, the light travels parallel to the optical axis In the illumination apparatus, the emission angle of incident light is reduced, preferably, the light travels parallel to the optical axis.

Abstract: Disclosed are water soluble azo dyes, represented by Formula I or II, and their synthesis and use. The water soluble azo dyes are synthesized by diazotizing 4-aminopyridine and coupling the resulting diazo intermediate with alkylated metanilic or orthanilic acid. To be suitable for measuring blood glucose levels, the dyes are combined with m-nitrophenyl boronic acid in an aqueous solvent. A combined ao form of the dyes with glucose shows a peak at 540 nm. At this wavelength, the absorptivity has a tendency to increase with the increasing of glucose level, which allows the measurement of blood glucose levels. ##STR1## wherein R has a 1-4 carbon atom length and is an alkyl, a hydroxy alkyl, a carboxyl-containing alkyl, or a sulfonyl-containing alkyl.