Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a switching device disposed on a substrate. A buffer electrode pattern is disposed on the switching device. The buffer electrode pattern includes a first region having a first vertical thickness, and a second region having a second vertical thickness smaller than the first vertical thickness. A lower electrode pattern is disposed on the first region of the buffer electrode pattern. A trim insulating pattern is disposed on the second region of the buffer electrode pattern. A variable resistive pattern is disposed on the lower electrode pattern.

Abstract: Provided is a non-volatile memory device including a bottom electrode disposed on a substrate and having a lower part and an upper part. A conductive spacer is disposed on a sidewall of the lower part of the bottom electrode. A nitride spacer is disposed on a top surface of the conductive spacer and a sidewall of the upper part of the bottom electrode. A resistance changeable element is disposed on the upper part of the bottom electrode and the nitride spacer. The upper part of the bottom electrode contains nitrogen (N).

Abstract: A method of forming a semiconductor device may include forming an interlayer insulating layer on a semiconductor substrate, and the interlayer insulating layer may have a contact hole therein exposing a portion of the semiconductor substrate. A single crystal semiconductor plug may be formed in the contact hole and on portions of the interlayer insulating layer adjacent the contact hole opposite the semiconductor substrate, and portions of the interlayer insulating layer opposite the semiconductor substrate may be free of the single crystal semiconductor plug. Portions of the single crystal semiconductor plug in the contact hole may be removed while maintaining portions of the single crystal semiconductor plug on portions of the interlayer insulating layer adjacent the contact hole as a single crystal semiconductor contact pattern.

Abstract: There is provided a method of forming a semiconductor device having stacked transistors. When forming a contact hole for connecting the stacked transistors to each other, ohmic layers on the bottom and the sidewall of the common contact hole are separately formed. As a result, the respective ohmic layers are optimally formed to meet requirements or conditions. Accordingly, the contact resistance of the common contact may be minimized so that it is possible to enhance the speed of the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A stacked semiconductor device comprises a lower transistor formed on a semiconductor substrate, a lower interlevel insulation film formed on the semiconductor substrate over the lower transistor, an upper transistor formed on the lower interlayer insulation film over the lower transistor, and an upper interlevel insulation film formed on the lower interlevel insulation film over the upper transistor. The stacked semiconductor device further comprises a contact plug connected between a drain or source region of the lower transistor and a source or drain region of the upper transistor, and an extension layer connected to a lateral face of the source or drain region of the upper transistor to enlarge an area of contact between the source or drain region of the upper transistor and a side of the contact plug.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is fabricated by forming a gate electrode structure, comprising a gate oxide layer pattern, a polysilicon layer pattern, and sidewall spacers on a silicon substrate, forming source/drain regions on both sides of the gate electrode structure in the silicon substrate, depositing a physical vapor deposition (PVD) cobalt layer on the gate electrode structure using PVD, depositing a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) cobalt layer on the PVD cobalt layer using CVD, annealing the silicon substrate to react the PVD and CVD cobalt layers with polysilicon on an upper surface of the gate electrode structure, stripping at least a portion of the PVD cobalt layer and the CVD cobalt layer that has not reacted, and annealing the silicon substrate after stripping the at least the portion of the PVD cobalt layer and the CVD cobalt layer.

Abstract: Methods of forming metal silicide layers in a semiconductor device are provided in which a first metal silicide layer may be formed on a substrate, where the first metal silicide layer comprises a plurality of fragments of a metal silicide that are separated by one or more gaps. A conductive material is selectively deposited into at least some of the gaps in the first metal silicide layer in order to electrically connect at least some of the plurality of fragments.

Abstract: There is provided a method of forming a semiconductor device having stacked transistors. When farming a contact hole for connecting the stacked transistors to each other, ohmic layers on the bottom and the sidewall of the common contact hole are separately formed. As a result, the respective ohmic layers are optimally formed to meet requirements or conditions. Accordingly, the contact resistance of the common contact may be minimized so that it is possible to enhance the speed of the semiconductor device.

Abstract: There is provided a method of forming a semiconductor device having stacked transistors. When forming a contact hole for connecting the stacked transistors to each other, ohmic layers on the bottom and the sidewall of the common contact hole are separately formed. As a result, the respective ohmic layers are optimally formed to meet requirements or conditions. Accordingly, the contact resistance of the common contact may be minimized so that it is possible to enhance the speed of the semiconductor device.

Abstract: Methods of forming metal silicide layers include a convection-based annealing step to convert a metal layer into a metal silicide layer. These methods may include forming a silicon layer on a substrate and forming a metal layer (e.g., nickel layer) in direct contact with the silicon layer. A step is then performed to convert at least a portion of the metal layer into a metal silicide layer. This conversion step is includes exposing the metal layer to an inert heat transferring gas (e.g., argon, nitrogen) in a convection or conduction apparatus.

Abstract: Methods of forming a metal salicide layer can include forming a metal layer on a substrate and forming a metal silicide layer on the metal layer using a first thermal process at a first temperature. Then a second process is performed, in-situ with the first thermal process, on the metal layer at a second temperature that is less than the first temperature.

Abstract: There is provided a method of forming a semiconductor device having stacked transistors. When forming a contact hole for connecting the stacked transistors to each other, ohmic layers on the bottom and the sidewall of the common contact hole are separately formed. As a result, the respective ohmic layers are optimally formed to meet requirements or conditions. Accordingly, the contact resistance of the common contact may be minimized so that it is possible to enhance the speed of the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A method of forming a semiconductor device may include forming an interlayer insulating layer on a semiconductor substrate, and the interlayer insulating layer may have a contact hole therein exposing a portion of the semiconductor substrate. A single crystal semiconductor plug may be formed in the contact hole and on portions of the interlayer insulating layer adjacent the contact hole opposite the semiconductor substrate, and portions of the interlayer insulating layer opposite the semiconductor substrate may be free of the single crystal semiconductor plug. Portions of the single crystal semiconductor plug in the contact hole may be removed while maintaining portions of the single crystal semiconductor plug on portions of the interlayer insulating layer adjacent the contact hole as a single crystal semiconductor contact pattern.

Abstract: A method of forming a semiconductor device may include forming an interlayer insulating layer on a semiconductor substrate, and the interlayer insulating layer may have a contact hole therein exposing a portion of the semiconductor substrate. A single crystal semiconductor plug may be formed in the contact hole and on portions of the interlayer insulating layer adjacent the contact hole opposite the semiconductor substrate, and portions of the interlayer insulating layer opposite the semiconductor substrate may be free of the single crystal semiconductor plug. Portions of the single crystal semiconductor plug in the contact hole may be removed while maintaining portions of the single crystal semiconductor plug on portions of the interlayer insulating layer adjacent the contact hole as a single crystal semiconductor contact pattern.

Abstract: There is provided a method of forming a semiconductor device having stacked transistors. When forming a contact hole for connecting the stacked transistors to each other, ohmic layers on the bottom and the sidewall of the common contact hole are separately formed. As a result, the respective ohmic layers are optimally formed to meet requirements or conditions. Accordingly, the contact resistance of the common contact may be minimized so that it is possible to enhance the speed of the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A stacked semiconductor device comprises a lower transistor formed on a semiconductor substrate, a lower interlevel insulation film formed on the semiconductor substrate over the lower transistor, an upper transistor formed on the lower interlayer insulation film over the lower transistor, and an upper interlevel insulation film formed on the lower interlevel insulation film over the upper transistor. The stacked semiconductor device further comprises a contact plug connected between a drain or source region of the lower transistor and a source or drain region of the upper transistor, and an extension layer connected to a lateral face of the source or drain region of the upper transistor to enlarge an area of contact between the source or drain region of the upper transistor and a side of the contact plug.

Abstract: A stacked semiconductor device comprises a lower transistor formed on a semiconductor substrate, a lower interlevel insulation film formed on the semiconductor substrate over the lower transistor, an upper transistor formed on the lower interlayer insulation film over the lower transistor, and an upper interlevel insulation film formed on the lower interlevel insulation film over the upper transistor. The stacked semiconductor device further comprises a contact plug connected between a drain or source region of the lower transistor and a source or drain region of the upper transistor, and an extension layer connected to a lateral face of the source or drain region of the upper transistor to enlarge an area of contact between the source or drain region of the upper transistor and a side of the contact plug.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is fabricated by forming a gate electrode structure, comprising a gate oxide layer pattern, a polysilicon layer pattern, and sidewall spacers on a silicon substrate, forming source/drain regions on both sides of the gate electrode structure in the silicon substrate, depositing a physical vapor deposition (PVD) cobalt layer on the gate electrode structure using PVD, depositing a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) cobalt layer on the PVD cobalt layer using CVD, annealing the silicon substrate to react the PVD and CVD cobalt layers with polysilicon on an upper surface of the gate electrode structure, stripping at least a portion of the PVD cobalt layer and the CVD cobalt layer that has not reacted, and annealing the silicon substrate after stripping the at least the portion of the PVD cobalt layer and the CVD cobalt layer.

Abstract: A metal salicide layer is formed by sequentially depositing a physical vapor deposition (PVD) metal layer and a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) metal layer on a semiconductor device having an exposed silicon surface so as to form a double metal layer. The semiconductor device is annealed to react the double metal layer with the silicon surface. At least a portion of the double layer that has not reacted with the silicon surface is stripped. The semiconductor device is annealed after stripping at least the portion of the double metal layer.

Abstract: Provided are exemplary methods for forming a semiconductor devices incorporating silicide layers formed at temperatures below about 700° C., such as nickel silicides, that are formed after completion of a silicide blocking layer (SBL). The formation of the SBL tends to deactivate dopant species in the gate, lightly-doped drain and/or source/drain regions. The exemplary methods include a post-SBL activation anneal either in place of or in addition to the traditional post-implant activation anneal. The use of the post-SBL anneal produces CMOS transistors having properties that reflect reactivation of sufficient dopant to overcome the SBL process effects, while allowing the use of lower temperature silicides, including nickel silicides and, in particular, nickel silicides incorporating a minor portion of an alloying metal, such as tantalum, the exhibits reduced agglomeration and improved temperature stability.