Abstract: High purity Form II crystals of clarithromycin can be easily prepared in a high yield by a process comprising the steps of: protecting the 9-oxime hydroxy group of erythromycin A 9-oxime or a salt thereof with a tropyl group and the 2′- and 4″-hydroxy groups with trimethylsilyl groups; reacting 2′,4″-O-bis(trimethylsilyl)erythromycin A 9-O-tropyloxime with a methylating agent; removing the protecting groups and the oxime group of 2′,4″-O-bis(trimethylsilyl)-6-O-methylerythromycin A 9-O-tropyloxime to obtain crude clarithromycin; treating the crude clarithromycin with methanesulfonic acid in a mixture of a water-miscible organic solvent and water to obtain crystalline clarithromycin mesylate trihydrate; and neutralizing the crystalline clarithromycin mesylate trihydrate with aqueous ammonia in a mixture of a water-miscible organic solvent and water.

Abstract: Form II crystals of clarithromycin can be easily prepared by treating clarithromycin of different crystal forms with water or with a mixture of water and a water-immiscible organic solvent and isolating treated crystals by filtration.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a hands-free kit for mobile phones using a solar cell. The hands-free kit has a solar cell, a charging unit, and a power switch. The solar cell is formed to be integrated with the body at a portion of the body of the hands-free kit and used to convert sunlight into electrical energy. The charging unit is formed at a portion within the body of the hands-free kit for charging one or more rechargeable batteries of the charging unit by power supplied from the solar cell. The power switch is formed at a portion of the body of the hands-free kit for allowing the rechargeable batteries to be connected in parallel with the solar cell and charged when the power switch is turned off, while allowing the rechargeable batteries to be connected in series with each other so as to convert a charged voltage into power for operating an internal circuit of the hands-free kit when the power switch is turned on.

Abstract: Amlodipine is prepared in a high yield by subjecting a pyrrole derivative, methyl aminocrotonate and 2-chlorobenzaldehyde to a Hantzsch reaction, and converting the pyrrole residue of the resulting 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative to an amine group by the action of hydroxylamine hydrochloride.

Abstract: A concurrency control method for searching the high-dimensional index tree of a database is disclosed. The concurrency control includes: a) adding a root node to the queue and acquiring the shared lock for reinsertion node; b) determining whether the queue is empty or not, fetching a node from the queue and assigning the fetched node as a current node if queue is not empty, releasing the shared lock and terminating the search process if queue is empty; c) acquiring the shared latch in the current node, selecting the lower nodes which are within the query range and adding the selected nodes to the queue if current node is not leaf or to the result set if current node is leaf; and d) returning to the step b).

Abstract: A concurrency control method for a high dimensional index structure that provides efficient concurrency control method for a high dimensional index structure, which performs reinsertion of certain objects to cope with node overflow. The concurrency controlled searching method includes the following steps. First, an entry is obtained from a queue storing the root node and an object relating to the entry is selected. Second, whether a logic sequence number (LSN) of a lower level node is larger than an expected LSN stored in the upper node is determined. Third, the process moves to a neighbor node of the lower level node if the LSN is bigger than an expected LSN stored in the upper node in the second step, selects a relating object, and performs from the second step repeatedly.

Abstract: A process for preparing an 1,3-alkanediol from a 3-hydroxyester includes hydrogenating a 3-hydroxyester in an alcohol-containing solvent in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst prepared by adding an alkaline precipitator to an aqueous solution containing a copper salt to form particles, and then aging the particles following addition of colloidal silica thereto. Novel hydrogenation catalysts so prepared are also disclosed.

Abstract: A tension measurement apparatus for a pogo pin comprising a height adjusting device for adjusting a height to be measured vertically, on which a means for measuring a tension of the pogo pin is mounted to be vertically movable according to the operation of the height adjusting means. The measurement apparatus preferably includes a vertical moving supporter mounted on the height adjusting device, a fixing member disposed to be coupled with or separated from the vertical moving supporter, a moving rail rotatably connected to the fixing member, a coupler mounted on the moving rail to be movable within the range of a given distance, connected to the tension measurement device. The tension measurement apparatus of the present invention can measure the tension of pogo pins under uniform conditions, while the pogo pins remain in a pogo module, thereby preventing inspection errors due to the pogo pins.

Abstract: A multiplier for multiplying n bits and n/2 bits is disclosed, wherein a word multiplication is implemented by input of two words. The apparatus includes an encoder receiving the two words and pretreating one of the two words, a partial product generating unit outputting a partial product by multiplying the pretreated word and the unpretreated word from the encoder in accordance with a word control signal, a Wallace tree adder dividing the partial product into first and second output signals, and an adder receiving the first and second output signals and outputting word and byte multiplication output results in accordance with the word control signal.

Abstract: Amlodipine is prepared in a high yield by subjecting a pyrrole derivative, methyl aminocrotonate and 2-chlorobenzaldehyde to a Hantzsch reaction, and converting the pyrrole residue of the resulting 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative to an amine group by the action of hydroxylamine hydrochloride.

Abstract: Disclosed is a Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter, more particularly, an apparatus and a method for detecting an optimum baudrate. The method preferably includes calculating a number of samplings for each pulse width based on at least one pulse generated from received data; calculating an estimated baudrate and another number of samplings corresponding to the baudrate based on the number of samplings for each pulse width, respectively; and detecting an optimum baudrate based on the calculated sampling number. Advantageously, the speed of baudrate detection is improved, and data loss is reduced or eliminated.

Abstract: Pure Form II crystals of clarithromycin can be prepared by a simple, high-yield process comprising the steps of treating crude clarithromycin or different crystal forms of clarithromycin with formic acid in an organic solvent to obtain crystalline clarithromycin formate and neutralizing the clarithromycin formate with a base in a mixture of water and a water-miscible organic solvent.

Abstract: High purity cephalosporin compound can be easily prepared in a high yield by a process comprising the steps of: reacting a cephem compound with a 4-hydroxyphenylglycine derivative.

Abstract: Lansoprazole of formula (I) can be produced economically in a high yield using a simple, two-step method comprising reacting hydroxymethylpyridine and benzimidazole starting materials in the presence of a phosphine compound and a dialkyl azodicaboxlate and oxidizing the product of the first step in the presence of an organic radical catalyst:

Abstract: A circular shield adhered over the ear holes of a cellular phone, the shield constituting a woven mesh material of polyester fibers coated with a layer of copper and a layer of nickel over the copper. The woven mesh material is enclosed between a top rim of a compressed aluminum foil and a bottom film having double-sided adhesive.

Abstract: Pure 1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-9-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-4H-carbazol-4-one or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is prepared in a high yield by a simple process which reacts 1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-9-methyl-4H-carbazol-4-one with a 2-methylimidazole derivative in an organic solvent or in a mixture of an organic solvent and water in the presence of a halosilane compound.

Abstract: A digital TV system for setting viewer-environments using a network and a control method thereof is disclosed. The system and a control method thereof can automatically set the TV into environments suitable for a viewer's taste by storing environmental information set by the viewer into a server and freely downloading the stored environmental information from the server.

Abstract: Pure -1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-9-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-4H-carbazol-4-one or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is prepared in a high yield by a simple process which reacts 1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-9-methyl-4H-carbazol-4-one with a 2-methylimidazole derivative in an organic solvent or in a mixture of an organic solvent and water in the presence of a halosilane compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the traveling-wave amplifier having a &pgr;-type output transmission line structure.

Abstract: There is provided alkaloid halogen-doped sulfide glasses for an optical amplifier and a fabricating method thereof. An alkaloid halogen-doped sulfide glass is formed of silica doped with a Ge-Ga-S three-component system, Pr3+, and an alkaloid halogen. To fabricate the alkaloid halogen-doped sulfide glass for an optical amplifier, silica doped with Ge, Ga, S, Pr3+, and an alkaloid halogen as a starting material is filled into a container. The container is sealed in a vacuum and the starting material in the container is fused by heating the container. The container is cooled and the starting material is sintered by heating the container at a glass transition temperature.