Abstract: A flat panel display includes a vacuum container having a pair of flat panels disposed facing each other at a predetermined gap, and a spacer disposed between the panels to maintain the gap. The spacer includes plural sub-spacers bonded to each other at least one bonding portion.

Abstract: An electron emission device is disclosed. The electron emission device includes an insulating layer that electrically insulates gate and cathode electrodes. The insulating layer includes first and second insulating portions. An opening is formed in the second insulating portion and is blocked by the first insulating portion. An electron emission unit is located in the opening and is configured to electrically connect the cathode electrode.

Abstract: Provided are an electrolyte composition of a dye-sensitized solar cell, a manufacturing method thereof, and a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising the composition. The composition comprises a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) based high polymer and titanium dioxide nanoparticles serving as an inorganic material based filler. Using the PVDF based high polymer in the composition can solidify the composition, and this solidification can contribute to the flexibility of a solar cell. Also, the inorganic material based filler, i.e., the titanium dioxide nanoparticles, can reinforce the collection and retention of an aqueous component comprising iodide ions, which are carriers within the electrolyte. Accordingly, compared to typical high polymer based electrolyte solutions, excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency can be achieved with the above electrolyte composition.

Abstract: Provided are a composite polymer electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery that includes a composite polymer matrix structure having a single ion conductor-containing polymer matrix to enhance ionic conductivity and a method of manufacturing the same. The composite polymer electrolyte includes a first polymer matrix made of a first porous polymer with a first pore size; a second polymer matrix made of a single ion conductor, an inorganic material, and a second porous polymer with a second pore size smaller than the first pore size. The second polymer matrix is coated on a surface of the first polymer matrix. The composite polymer matrix structure can increase mechanical properties. The single ion conductor-containing porous polymer matrix of a submicro-scale can enhance ionic conductivity and the charge/discharge cycle stability.

Abstract: An electron emission device includes a substrate, cathode electrodes formed on the substrate, electron emission regions electrically coupled to the cathode electrodes, an insulation layer formed on the substrate while covering the cathode electrodes, and gate electrodes formed on the insulation layer and crossing the cathode electrodes. One or more gate holes are formed at each of crossing regions of the gate electrodes and the cathode electrodes through the insulation layer and the gate electrodes. At least one of the cathode electrodes includes at least two openings divided by a bridge. The at least two openings divided by the bridge are formed on each exposed region of the cathode electrodes through the gate holes. A corresponding one of the electron emission regions contacts the bridge and extends toward the walls of at least one of the openings but is spaced away from the cathode electrodes.

Abstract: Provided is a cathode composition for lithium secondary battery that includes a lithium-chromium-titanium-manganese oxide that has the formula Li[Li(1-x)/3CrxTi(2/3)yMn2(1-x-y)/3]O2 where 0?x?0.3, 0?y?0.3 and 0.1?x+y?0.3, and layered a-LiFeO2 structure. A method of synthesizing the lithium-chromium-titanium manganese oxide includes preparing a first mixed solution by dispersing titanium dioxide (TiO2) in a mixed solution of chrome acetate (Cr3(OH)2(CH3CO2)7) and manganese acetate ((CH3CO2)2Mn.4H2O), adding a lithium hydroxide (LiOH) solution to the first mixed solution to obtain homogeneous precipitates, forming precursor powder that has the formula Li[Li(1-x)/3CrxTi(2/3)yMn2(1-x-y)/3]O2 where 0?x?0.3, 0?y?0.3 and 0.1?x+y?0.3 by heating the homogeneous precipitates, and heating the precursor powder to form oxide powder having a layered structure.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for improving folding efficiency and solubility of a target protein linked to a RNA-binding protein by using RNA molecule as a molecular chaperone, wherein the RNA molecule interacts with the RNA-binding protein. More particularly, the present invention discloses method for improving folding efficiency and solubility of a target protein by transformation of a host cell with a expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding the target protein linked to an RNA-binding protein; culturing the transformed host cell in an appropriate culture medium under the condition that an RNA molecule either resident inside the host cell or provided by cotransformation of the host cell with polynucleotide encoding the RNA molecule interacts with the RNA-binding protein; and purifying the soluble protein from host cell lysate. The method of the present invention is very useful for production of soluble proteins for therapeutic, prophylactic and diagnostic applications.

Abstract: An electron emission device includes first and second substrates separated by a predetermined distance, electron emission regions on the first substrate, driving electrodes on the first substrate, a focusing electrode over the driving electrodes and insulated from the driving electrodes, and a plurality of spacers disposed between the first and the second substrates, each spacer having a conductive film on an outer surface. The conductive film is electrically connected to the focusing electrode.

Abstract: An electron emission device including a substrate, a cathode electrode on the substrate, the cathode electrode having a main electrode and a subsidiary electrode, at least one resistance layer on the subsidiary electrode, the resistance layer varying in resistivity along a thickness direction of the resistance layer, and at least one electron emission region connected to the resistance layer.

Abstract: An electron emission device includes a substrate, a plurality of cathode electrodes formed on the substrate, a plurality of electron emission regions electrically coupled to the cathode electrodes, an insulating layer formed on the substrate while covering the cathode electrodes, and a plurality of gate electrodes formed on the insulating layer and crossing the cathode electrodes. The insulating layer is provided with a plurality of openings exposing the corresponding electron emission regions, each of the openings having at least two opening portions that communicate with each other and are different in a size from each other. The gate electrodes are provided with openings communicating with the corresponding openings of the insulating layer. The two opening portions may include a gap in the insulating layer where the gate and cathode electrodes interesect.

Abstract: A negative resist composition used in a liquid-crystal display element is disclosed. The negative resist composition according to the present invention includes a binder resin consisting of a copolymer including four predetermined monomers, a (meth)acryl monomer including at least 3 (meth)acryl groups, a (meth)acryl monomer including one or two (meth)acryl groups and a photo-initiator. The negative resist composition according to the present invention may be useful to significantly increase the manufacturing yield because it shows an extremely low brittleness during a bonding process or a hot process due to good physical properties such as film retention, pattern stability, adhesion to a substrate, and chemical resistance, as well as good flexibility upon formation of the pattern.

Abstract: Methods of forming a semiconductor device having a metal gate electrode include sequentially forming a gate insulator, a gate polysilicon layer and a metal-gate layer on a semiconductor substrate. The metal-gate layer and the gate polysilicon layer are sequentially patterned to form a gate pattern comprising a stacked gate polysilicon pattern and a metal-gate pattern. An oxidation barrier layer is formed to cover at least a portion of a sidewall of the metal-gate pattern.

Abstract: A photoresist composition includes a novolac resin having where each of R1, R2, R3, and R4 is an alkyl group having a hydrogen atom or between one through six carbon atoms and n is an integer ranging from zero through three; and a mercapto compound having Z1-SH, or SH-Z2-SH, where each of Z1 and Z2 is an alkyl group or an allyl group having one through twenty carbon atoms, a sensitizer, and a solvent.

Abstract: Methods of forming a semiconductor device having a metal gate electrode include sequentially forming a gate insulator, a gate polysilicon layer and a metal-gate layer on a semiconductor substrate. The metal-gate layer and the gate polysilicon layer are sequentially patterned to form a gate pattern comprising a stacked gate polysilicon pattern and a metal-gate pattern. An oxidation barrier layer is formed to cover at least a portion of a sidewall of the metal-gate pattern.

Abstract: A folding-type portable apparatus includes a body having a center hinge arm, which contains a hinge module, protruding from the upper surface thereof; a folder having a pair of hinge knuckle portions and rotatably coupled to the body by means of the hinge module; and a constraint means positioned on the folder to interrupt any force transmitted to the pair of hinge knuckle portions during folding and unfolding operations and prevent them from being displaced away from each other.

Abstract: Disclosed is a spacer of a flat panel display (FPD) and a method for preparing the same. The method for preparing a spacer of the present invention includes: (a) exposing a photosensitive glass to a light; (b) heat-treating the exposed photosensitive glass to crystallize it; (c) etching the crystallized glass to prepare the spacer; and (d) heat-treating the spacer under a reductive gas atmosphere. The spacer can be easily prepared by the method according to the present invention, and it has improved conductivity on its surface. A flat panel display including the spacer prepared by the method of the present invention has enhanced conductivity. Therefore, the spacer prevents secondary electron emission, spacer charging, and deviation of electron beams.

Abstract: Provided is a lithium-cobalt-manganese oxide having the formula Li[CoxLi(1/3?x/3)Mn(2/3?2x/3)]O2(0.05<X<0.9) which provide a stable structure and a superior discharge capacity, and the method of synthesizing of the same. The method of synthesizing the oxides according to the present invention comprises: preparing an aqueous solution of lithium salt, cobalt salt, and manganese salt; forming a gel by burning the aqueous solution; making oxide powder by burning the gel; forming a fine oxide powder having a layered structure by the twice of treatments. The lithium-cobalt-manganese oxide synthesized according to the present invention has a stable and superior electrochemical characteristic. The oxide is synthesized by simple and low cost heat treatment process.

Abstract: An electron emission device includes a first and a second substrate facing each other, cathode electrodes formed on the first substrate, and electron emission regions connected to the cathode electrodes. Gate electrodes are spaced apart from the cathode electrodes by an interposing insulating layer. Phosphor layers are formed on the second substrate. At least one anode electrode is formed on a surface of the phosphor layers. The electron emission region has a first surface facing the first substrate and a second surface facing the second substrate. The second surface of the electron emission region facing the second substrate is smaller in size than the first surface of the electron emission region facing the first substrate.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing an electron emission device, cathode electrodes are first formed on a substrate. An insulating layer is formed on the entire surface of the substrate such that the insulating layer covers the cathode electrodes. The insulating layer is wet-etched two or more times such that openings each with an aspect ratio of more than 1 are formed in the insulating layer. Gate electrodes are formed on the insulating layer. Electron emission regions are formed on the cathode electrodes within the openings of the insulating layer. The respective etchings are conducted using separate mask patterns with the same-sized openings such that under-cuts are made.