Abstract: In a storage device, an ECC engine performs first ECC encoding on first data to be programmed to a first wordline to generate a first parity, and performs second ECC encoding on second data to be programmed to a second wordline to generate a second parity. A page buffer stores the first data together with a first part of the first parity to be programmed to the first wordline, and stores the second data, a second part of the first parity, and the second parity to be programmed to the second wordline.

Abstract: A method of operating a memory device including a memory cell array and a memory circuit includes receiving a first command from a controller, determining, in response to the first command, whether first device information stored in the memory circuit has an error, receiving, in response to the determining that the first device information has the error, a reset command from the controller, and performing a refresh operation on the memory circuit in response to the reset command. The first device information includes information about an operation parameter and an operating frequency of the memory device.

Abstract: An operating method of a storage device, the storage device including a page type table, a parity table, and a non-volatile memory device, and the method including receiving a write request of first data from a host device, generating a first inside parity and a first outside parity, based on the first data, storing the first outside parity in the parity table, obtaining first reliability type information of a first page for storing the first data, by referring to the page type table, generating a first flexible parity, based on the first inside parity and the first reliability type information, generating first encoding data, based on the first data and the first flexible parity, and storing the first encoding data in the non-volatile memory device.

Abstract: Disclosed is an operating method of a storage device which includes a non-volatile memory device and a storage controller. The method includes providing, by the storage controller, the non-volatile memory device with a first command indicating a target memory operation of user data, performing, by the non-volatile memory device, the target memory operation in a memory region based on the first command and first setting information stored in an E-fuse region, providing, by the non-volatile memory device, the storage controller with a first response indicating that the target memory operation fails, providing, by the storage controller, the non-volatile memory device with a second command indicating an initialization operation of the E-fuse region based on the first response, updating, by the non-volatile memory device, the first setting information of the E-fuse region based on the second command, so as to be changed to second setting information.

Abstract: A display device includes a first display substrate, a second display substrate, display units, a dummy display unit, and a sealing element. The first display substrate includes a first base substrate including display, peripheral and intermediate areas, and a pixel circuit overlapping with the display area. The second display substrate includes a second base substrate spaced apart from the first base substrate. The display units overlap with the display area, between the first and second base substrates. Each of the display units includes a liquid crystal layer, a common electrode, and a pixel electrode connected to the pixel circuit. The dummy display unit overlaps with the intermediate area, between the first and second base substrates, and includes first and second dummy electrodes.

Abstract: A horizontally movable bowling bag providing ease of use and maintenance, the bowling bag includes: a frame having a space defined therein to store a plurality of bowling balls; a ball support assembled to or integrally formed with the frame to support each of the plurality of bowling balls in the space; casters provided at a lower side of the frame to allow the frame to move in a horizontal direction, each of the plurality of casters comprising a coupling member removably coupled thereto so as to be exposed to an outside of the frame, a fixing boss fixed in a support hole in the frame using the coupling member, and a drive wheel coupled to a lower end of the fixing boss so as to be freely rotatable; and a handle integrally coupled to one side of the frame, the handle being configured to be adjustable in length.

Abstract: A multi-purpose casing having a heavy-article support tray integrally formed therewith is moveable horizontally in a state of accommodating a plurality of bowling balls and is capable of reliably supporting heavy articles by integrally forming a plurality of space support trays for supporting heavy articles with a body defining the external appearance of the casing.

Abstract: A horizontally movable bowling bag providing ease of use and maintenance, the bowling bag includes: a frame having a space defined therein to store a plurality of bowling balls; a ball support assembled to or integrally formed with the frame to support each of the plurality of bowling balls in the space; casters provided at a lower side of the frame to allow the frame to move in a horizontal direction, each of the plurality of casters comprising a coupling member removably coupled thereto so as to be exposed to an outside of the frame, a fixing boss fixed in a support hole in the frame using the coupling member, and a drive wheel coupled to a lower end of the fixing boss so as to be freely rotatable; and a handle integrally coupled to one side of the frame, the handle being configured to be adjustable in length.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a mask by performing optical proximity correction (OPC) is provided, The method of fabricating a mask includes generating a target curve by using bias control points, extracting a first contour of an initial design mask by performing an OPC process, generating a first updated design mask, which is obtained by updating the initial design mask, by using the first contour and the target curve, extracting a second contour of the first updated design mask by performing the OPC process, and generating a second updated design mask by using the second contour and the target curve

Abstract: A horizontally movable bowling bag is provided to prevent movement of a bowling ball configured such that, in order to prevent movement or falling of the bowling ball when a frame is horizontally moved or when a cover is opened, four or more points of the bowling ball including a lower part of the bowling ball and a bottom surface of the bowling ball along an outer circumference thereof are adjacent to or supported by an upper part of a ball cup provided at the frame and an inner surface of the frame, whereby movement of the bowling ball in the frame is prevented when the frame is horizontally moved.

Abstract: A display device includes a first display substrate, a second display substrate, display units, a dummy display unit, and a sealing element. The first display substrate includes a first base substrate including display, peripheral and intermediate areas, and a pixel circuit overlapping with the display area. The second display substrate includes a second base substrate spaced apart from the first base substrate. The display units overlap with the display area, between the first and second base substrates. Each of the display units includes a liquid crystal layer, a common electrode, and a pixel electrode connected to the pixel circuit. The dummy display unit overlaps with the intermediate area, between the first and second base substrates, and includes first and second dummy electrodes.

Abstract: A display device includes a first display substrate, a second display substrate, display units, a dummy display unit, and a sealing element. The first display substrate includes a first base substrate including display, peripheral and intermediate areas, and a pixel circuit overlapping with the display area. The second display substrate includes a second base substrate spaced apart from the first base substrate. The display units overlap with the display area, between the first and second base substrates. Each of the display units includes a liquid crystal layer, a common electrode, and a pixel electrode connected to the pixel circuit. The dummy display unit overlaps with the intermediate area, between the first and second base substrates, and includes first and second dummy electrodes.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a first base substrate defining: an outer edge thereof at which a side surface is exposed, and an upper surface thereof connected to the outer edge; first and second guiding dams on the upper surface and extending from an inside of the first base substrate to the outer edge; a first signal line on the upper surface and extending between the first and second guiding dams from the inside of the first base substrate to the outer edge thereof; and a first side pad connected to the first signal line. The first side pad includes a first horizontal portion on the upper surface and extending between the first and second guiding dams, in a top plan view, and the first horizontal portion extending to define a first vertical portion which is disposed on the side surface.

Abstract: A display device including: a first substrate; a first electrode layer disposed on an edge of the first substrate; a second electrode layer disposed on the first electrode layer; the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer defining a space in between; a metal sludge disposed in the space; and a subsidiary electrode configured to cover a side surface of the first substrate, and disposed in the space to contact the first electrode layer, the second electrode layer, and the metal sludge.

Abstract: A display device including: a first substrate; a first electrode layer disposed on an edge of the first substrate; a second electrode layer disposed on the first electrode layer; the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer defining a space in between; a metal sludge disposed in the space; and a subsidiary electrode configured to cover a side surface of the first substrate, and disposed in the space to contact the first electrode layer, the second electrode layer, and the metal sludge.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a first base substrate defining: an outer edge thereof at which a side surface is exposed, and an upper surface thereof connected to the outer edge; first and second guiding dams on the upper surface and extending from an inside of the first base substrate to the outer edge; a first signal line on the upper surface and extending between the first and second guiding dams from the inside of the first base substrate to the outer edge thereof; and a first side pad connected to the first signal line. The first side pad includes a first horizontal portion on the upper surface and extending between the first and second guiding dams, in a top plan view, and the first horizontal portion extending to define a first vertical portion which is disposed on the side surface.

Abstract: A display device including: a first substrate; a first electrode layer disposed on an edge of the first substrate; a second electrode layer disposed on the first electrode layer; the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer defining a space in between; a metal sludge disposed in the space; and a connection electrode configured to cover a side surface of the first substrate, and disposed in the space to contact the first electrode layer, the second electrode layer, and the metal sludge.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a first base substrate defining: an outer edge thereof at which a side surface is exposed, and an upper surface thereof connected to the outer edge; first and second guiding dams on the upper surface and extending from an inside of the first base substrate to the outer edge; a first signal line on the upper surface and extending between the first and second guiding dams from the inside of the first base substrate to the outer edge thereof; and a first side pad connected to the first signal line. The first side pad includes a first horizontal portion on the upper surface and extending between the first and second guiding dams, in a top plan view, and the first horizontal portion extending to define a first vertical portion which is disposed on the side surface.

Abstract: In an operating method of a memory controller, the memory controller includes a logical-to-logical (L2L) mapping table including mapping information between a first logical area and a second logical area and a logical-to-physical (L2P) mapping table including mapping information between the second logical area and a physical area of a memory device. The operating method includes receiving a first logical address of the first logical area and a first command for changing the L2L mapping table to access first data stored in the memory device through the first logical address, detecting a second logical address of the second logical area mapped to a physical address of the physical area in which the first data is stored, in response to the first command, and changing the L2L mapping table to map the first logical address to the second logical address.

Abstract: A display device including: a first substrate; a first electrode layer disposed on an edge of the first substrate; a second electrode layer disposed on the first electrode layer; the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer defining a space in between; a metal sludge disposed in the space; and a connection electrode configured to cover a side surface of the first substrate, and disposed in the space to contact the first electrode layer, the second electrode layer, and the metal sludge.