Abstract: Provided is an image sensor including a sensing transistor having two gates and a method of operating the image sensor. The image sensor may include a photoelectric conversion device, a sensing transistor which may have a first gate connected to a floating diffusion region in which charges generated from the photoelectric conversion region are stored and a second gate separated from the first gate, a reset transistor that may be connected to the floating diffusion region and may reset a potential of the floating diffusion region, a control voltage source that may supply a control applied to the second gate, and a column output line which may be connected to a source of the sensing transistor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating and processing a packet are provided. In the method of processing a packet, a packet including main data, an identifier representing the type of the main data, and packet information corresponding to information on other packets that will have the same identifier as the identifier is received, the identifier and the packet information are extracted from the received packet, and the main data is selectively extracted from the packet based on the extracted identifier.

Abstract: A cleaner is disclosed, by which a floorcloth is attached to a correct position on a bottom of the cleaner, and by which a floorcloth can be attached to a correct position without turning a cleaner body upside down, thereby preventing a hazardous condition. The present invention includes a body configured as a cleaner head, an electric magnet provided adjacent to one side of a bottom of the body to generate a magnetic field during application of an electrical signal, and a floorcloth having a conductive body provided at a position opposing the electric magnet.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for transmitting broadcast data and a method and apparatus for receiving broadcast data so as to provide a broadcast service. The method of transmitting broadcast data includes: receiving at least one Internet Protocol (IP) packet group, the IP packet group classified based on a service provided by IP packets; generating first mapping information which indicates mapping information between an IP address corresponding to each of the at least one IP packet and an address within a transmission channel on which each of the at least one IP packet group is to be carried; and transmitting the first mapping information and the at least one IP packet group via the transmission channel. A user accesses only desired IP packets quickly and processes them so that a data processing speed can be improved.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device is disclosed.

Abstract: A method of compressing and restoring an Internet Protocol (IP) packet which is transmitted through a broadcast network is provided. According to the method, by using a characteristic of a transmission structure of a broadcast network, that is unlike ordinary packet switching communication networks, a field value that can be removed from a header part of an IP packet is determined. Then, the determined field value is removed from the header, and an IP packet having a header formed with the remaining field values is generated, thereby compressing the header of the IP packet more effectively compared to the header of the conventional static IP packet. In addition, by transmitting a compressed IP packet instead of a static IP packet which is periodically transmitted according to the conventional method, compatibility that the compression method can be used together with conventional compression methods is guaranteed.

Abstract: Provided is a method of reliably operating a highly integratable nonvolatile memory device. The nonvolatile memory device may include a string selection transistor, a plurality of memory transistors, and a ground selection transistor between a bit line and a common source line. In the nonvolatile memory device, data may be erased from the memory transistors by applying an erasing voltage to the bit line or the common source line.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for transporting and receiving mobile broadcasting services in order to efficiently provide broadcasting services in a mobile communication system are provided. In the method of receiving mobile broadcasting services, a predetermined transport channel is determined by using service configuration information extracted from a service information channel, at least one transport packet is extracted from the determined transport channel, information about the transport packets is extracted from the transport packets, at least one encapsulation packet including the transport packets is generated by using the information about the transport packets, and application data including the encapsulation packets is generated by using information about the encapsulation packets which is extracted from the encapsulation packets.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for providing fast access to a broadcasting service transferred. The apparatus includes a reception unit for receiving one or more transmission frame; a transmission frame processing unit for analyzing access information required to access a turbo stream for a primary service to be primarily processed from a predetermined region of each transmission frame and accessing the turbo stream for the primary service of each transmission frame by using the analyzed access information; and a turbo stream processing unit for processing the turbo stream.

Abstract: A broadcasting service transmitting apparatus and method and a broadcasting service receiving apparatus and method for providing a broadcasting service formed of various types of data are provided. The broadcasting service receiving apparatus includes a receiving unit, a transport frame processing unit, a transport packet processing unit, and a broadcasting data processing unit. The receiving unit receives a transport frame having a predetermined size. The transport frame processing unit acquires from the transport frame service access information for accessing at least one broadcasting service and also acquires from the transport frame at least one transport packet for transporting at least one broadcasting data packet, by using the service access information. The transport packet processing unit processes the at least one transport packet so as to acquire at least one broadcasting data packet from the at least one transport packet.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for creating a transport frame in order to identify the starts of packets, and a method and apparatus for processing the transport frame. In the method of creating the transport frame, at least one packet to be transported by being loaded in the transport frame is received. Then, information about the start location of a first packet, that is, a packet whose head and tail are both in the transport frame and which comes first within the transport frame, among the received at least one packet is created. Next, the transport frame, including the at least one packet and the start location information about the first packet, is created.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) panel that has even luminance with high picture quality is disclosed. The LCD panel includes a first substrate provided with a plurality of gate and data lines, the gate lines being arranged to cross the data lines to define a plurality of pixel regions in a matrix arrangement; a second substrate provided with a black matrix layer to shield portions other than the pixel region from light; and a liquid crystal layer injected between the first and second substrates, wherein the pixel regions at a surrounding portion have an aperture ratio lower than that of the pixel regions at the other portions.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) device includes a gate line and a data line crossing each other, a gate driving unit and a data driving unit outputting signals to the gate line and the data line, a gate pad portion electrically connected to the gate line and having a first contact hole, a data pad portion electrically connected to the data line and having a second contact hole, a first output terminal of the gate driving unit completely covering the first contact hole, a second output terminal of the data driving unit completely covering the second contact hole, a first conductive film electrically connecting the first output terminal and the gate pad portion, and a second conductive film electrically connecting the second output terminal and the data pad portion.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for reducing power consumption by selectively turning off frame receiving while undesired service is transmitted. The method includes generating a service frame group including all service frames and designating the frame number for service frames so that a radio frequency (RF) receiving unit operates while receiving the service frames corresponding to a desired service and the power of the RF receiving unit is turned off while the service frames corresponding to an undesired service are transmitted, thereby saving power. In addition, the power of the RF device is continuously turned off during various frames so that the RF device can rest for a longer period of time and thus power saving efficiency is excellent.

Abstract: Provided is a method of operating a nonvolatile memory device to perform a programming operation or an erase operation. The method includes applying a composite pulse including a direct current (DC) pulse and an AC perturbation pulse to the nonvolatile memory device to perform the programming operation or the erase operation.

Abstract: A refrigerator including a dispenser to extract water is disclosed. The refrigerator includes a main body having a storage chamber, a door opening and closing the storage chamber, and a dispenser disposed to discharge water, the dispenser including a button installed to be movable in a backward and forward moving direction, a switch pressed to cause water to be discharged, and a lever rotatably installed sideward with respect to the forward/backward moving direction of the button having one end disposed at a rear side of the button and an other end disposed on the switch and performing a seesaw movement sideward as the button moves in the forward/backward moving direction to press the switch. Thus, the dispenser can be formed to have a small thickness in a forward/backward direction.

Abstract: A refrigerator which provides an improved structure of a receiving device to prevent a receiving container cover from being deformed or damaged. The refrigerator includes a receiving container, and a receiving container cover which covers an upper portion of the receiving container. The receiving container cover includes a front frame portion which forms a front structure, a guide rail extended from a rear portion of the receiving container cover toward a lower portion of the front frame portion, and a reinforcing member extended transversely in the lower portion of the front frame portion to reinforce the strength of the receiving container cover. The guide rail includes a through hole such that the reinforcing member passes through the through hole.

Abstract: Provided is a method of operating a nonvolatile memory device to perform an erase operation. The method includes applying a composite pulse including a direct current (DC) pulse and a DC perturbation pulse to the nonvolatile memory device to perform the erase operation.

Abstract: A water heating apparatus using electrodes is provided. The water heating apparatus includes a heating tank in which electrolyte solution is stored and a plurality pairs of heating electrodes composed of positive electrodes and negative electrodes arranged in the heating tank at uniform intervals. Since the plurality of pairs of electrodes are arranged in the heating tank at uniform intervals, the heating operation can be always performed in a state where the electrolyte solution of no less than the minimum water level is stored regardless of the direction of the heating tank so that it is possible to heat water or to generate steam. Therefore, the water heating apparatus can be easily applied to a product that is inclined or upset and that is not in a specific direction.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for generating personal broadcast content. A user terminal apparatus includes a broadcast reception unit receiving broadcast content through a broadcast network; a communication unit controlling connection with a server which provides an authoring tool for generating personal broadcast content and metadata required to obtain one or more pieces of content through the broadcast network and a bi-directional communication network; a user input unit receiving a user input signal; and a control unit configuring a personal broadcast screen, which contains the content, using the authoring tool and the metadata and generating personal broadcast content in response to the user input signal. When the apparatus and method are used, a user can generate personal broadcast content using content which can be obtained through a bi-directional communication channel and a broadcast channel.