Abstract: The present invention relates to an image encoding and decoding technique, and more particularly, to an image encoder and decoder using unidirectional prediction. The image encoder includes a dividing unit to divide a macro block into a plurality of sub-blocks, a unidirectional application determining unit to determine whether an identical prediction mode is applied to each of the plurality of sub-blocks, and a prediction mode determining unit to determine a prediction mode with respect to each of the plurality of sub-blocks based on a determined result of the unidirectional application determining unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an image encoding and decoding technique, and more particularly, to an image encoder and decoder using unidirectional prediction. The image encoder includes a dividing unit to divide a macro block into a plurality of sub-blocks, a unidirectional application determining unit to determine whether an identical prediction mode is applied to each of the plurality of sub-blocks, and a prediction mode determining unit to determine a prediction mode with respect to each of the plurality of sub-blocks based on a determined result of the unidirectional application determining unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an image encoding and decoding technique, and more particularly, to an image encoder and decoder using unidirectional prediction. The image encoder includes a dividing unit to divide a macro block into a plurality of sub-blocks, a unidirectional application determining unit to determine whether an identical prediction mode is applied to each of the plurality of sub-blocks, and a prediction mode determining unit to determine a prediction mode with respect to each of the plurality of sub-blocks based on a determined result of the unidirectional application determining unit.

Abstract: A method of making a side step of a vehicle includes a bracket that is mounted to a vehicle body and an insert main body that bears weight of passengers. The bracket and the insert main body are integrally provided by using a CFT material through insert-molding, and an injection molding resin is coupled to all over the insert main body where the bracket is coupled through insert-molding so as to form a main frame of the side step.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for operating, by a base station, multiple modulation schemes in a wireless communication system, the method comprising the steps of: calculating the number of terminals, among the terminals in a cell managed by the base station, of which a channel state is included in a state that is lower than a preset state; reporting information related to the calculated number of terminals to an upstream entity of the base station; receiving information about a band, assigned by the upstream entity, for a hybrid frequency shift keying (FSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) (FQAM) scheme on the basis of a QAM scheme and a FSK scheme; and transmitting downwardly the information about the band for the FQAM scheme to the terminals of which a channel state is included in a state that is lower than the preset state. Other modified embodiments on the basis of the technical concept of the present invention are also possible.

Abstract: A method and electronic device for executing application concurrently with other devices are provided. An address of an external electronic device and a location of an application is obtained. A connection is established with a device using a short-range communication protocol. The application is obtained and executed in conjunction with the device.

Abstract: A digital television (DTV) transmitter and a method of coding data in the DTV transmitter method are disclosed. A pre-processor pre-processes the enhanced data by coding the enhanced data for forward error correction (FEC) and expanding the FEC-coded enhanced data. A data formatter generates one or more groups of enhanced data packets, each enhanced data packet including the pre-processed enhanced data. And, a packet multiplexer generates at least one burst of enhanced data by multiplexing the one or more groups of enhanced data packets. Herein, each burst of enhanced data includes at least one group of enhanced data packets. The DTV transmitter may further include a scheduler which generates first and second control signals to control operations of the data formatter and the packet multiplexer, respectively.

Abstract: A digital television (DTV) transmitter and a method of coding data in the DTV transmitter method are disclosed. A pre-processor pre-processes the enhanced data by coding the enhanced data for forward error correction (FEC) and expanding the FEC-coded enhanced data. A data formatter generates one or more groups of enhanced data packets, each enhanced data packet including the pre-processed enhanced data. And, a packet multiplexer generates at least one burst of enhanced data by multiplexing the one or more groups of enhanced data packets. Herein, each burst of enhanced data includes at least one group of enhanced data packets. The DTV transmitter may further include a scheduler which generates first and second control signals to control operations of the data formatter and the packet multiplexer, respectively.

Abstract: A digital television (DTV) transmitter and a method of coding data in the DTV transmitter method are disclosed. A pre-processor pre-processes the enhanced data by coding the enhanced data for forward error correction (FEC) and expanding the FEC-coded enhanced data. A data formatter generates one or more groups of enhanced data packets, each enhanced data packet including the pre-processed enhanced data. And, a packet multiplexer generates at least one burst of enhanced data by multiplexing the one or more groups of enhanced data packets. Herein, each burst of enhanced data includes at least one group of enhanced data packets. The DTV transmitter may further include a scheduler which generates first and second control signals to control operations of the data formatter and the packet multiplexer, respectively.

Abstract: A digital broadcast system and a method of processing data are provided. The transmitting system of the digital broadcast system includes an encoder for encoding mobile data for FEC to build RS frames, a signaling encoder for encoding TPC data including the RS frame mode information, a divider for dividing at least one of the RS frames into a plurality of portions, a block processor for converting one portion to a plurality of SCCC blocks, a converter for converting the SCCC blocks to data blocks, a group formatter for forming data groups, a packet formatter for forming data packets including data in the data groups, a multiplexer for multiplexing main data packets including main data and the data packets, a trellis encoder for performing trellis encoding on data in the multiplexed data packets and a transmission unit for transmitting the broadcast signal including a parade of the data groups.

Abstract: A digital television (DTV) transmitter and a method of processing data in the DTV transmitter/receiver are disclosed. In the DTV transmitter, a pre-processor pre-processes the enhanced data by coding the enhanced data for forward error correction (FEC) and expanding the FEC-coded data. A packet formatter generates one or more groups of enhanced data packets, each enhanced data packet including the pre-processed enhanced data and known data, wherein the data formatter adds burst time information into each group of enhanced data packets. And, a packet multiplexer generates at least one burst of enhanced data by multiplexing the one or more groups of enhanced data packets with at least one main data packet including the main data, each burst of enhanced data including at least one group of enhanced data packets.

Abstract: A digital television (DTV) transmitter includes a first randomizer randomizing enhanced data; a Reed-Solomon (RS) frame encoder generating an RS frame; a block processor encoding data in the RS frame, outputting data symbols, interleaving the data symbols, and converting the interleaved data symbols into data bytes; a group formatting unit mapping the data bytes into data groups; a deinterleaver deinterleaving data of the data groups; a packet formatter outputting enhanced data packets; a multiplexer multiplexing the enhanced data packets with main data packets; a second randomizer randomizing the multiplexed main data packets and MPEG header data in the multiplexed enhanced data packets; a Reed-Solomon (RS) encoder RS encoding the multiplexed enhanced data packets; an interleaver interleaving data of the RS-encoded data packets; and a trellis encoding unit trellis encoding the interleaved data.

Abstract: A digital television (DTV) transmitter and a method of coding data in the DTV transmitter method are disclosed. A pre-processes enhanced data by coding the enhanced data for forward error correction (FEC) and expanding the FEC-coded enhanced data. A data formatter generates enhanced data packets including the pre-processed enhanced data and inserting known data to at least one of the enhanced data packets. A first multiplexer multiplexes main data packets with the enhanced data packets, and a data randomizer randomizes the multiplexed data packets. A Reed-Solomon (RS) encoder RS-codes the randomized data packets by adding first parity data, and a data interleaver interleaves the RS-coded data packets. A trellis encoder trellis-encodes the interleaved data packets, wherein the trellis encoder may be initialized when a known data sequence is inputted thereto.

Abstract: A digital television (DTV) transmitter/receiver and a method of processing data in the DTV transmitter/receiver are disclosed. In the DTV transmitter, a pre-processor pre-processes the enhanced data by coding the enhanced data for forward error correction (FEC) and expanding the FEC-coded enhanced data. A data formatter generates enhanced data packets including the pre-processed enhanced data and inserts known data to at least one of the enhanced data packets. A first multiplexer multiplexes the enhanced data packets with main data packets including the main data. And, an RS encoder RS-codes the multiplexed main and enhanced data packets, the RS encoder adding systematic parity data to each main data packet and adding RS parity place holders to each enhanced data packet. Herein, the RS encoder may insert non-systematic RS parity data or null data into the RS parity place holders included in each enhanced data packet.

Abstract: A digital television transmitting system includes a frame encoder, a block processor, a group formatter, and a multiplexer. The frame encoder forms an enhanced data frame and encodes the data frame for error correction and for error detection. The block processor further encodes the encoded data frame at a rate of 1/2 or 1/4, and the group formatter divides the encoded data frame into a plurality of enhanced data blocks and maps the divided data blocks into a plurality of enhanced data groups, respectively. The multiplexer multiplexes the enhanced data groups with main data.

Abstract: A DTV receiver includes a tuner, a demodulator, a channel equalizer, a sequence detector, and a burst controller. The tuner receives a DTV signal having main data and at least one burst of enhanced data. The demodulator demodulates the DTV signal by performing carrier and time recovery and the channel equalizer equalizes the demodulated signal. The sequence detector detects one or more known data sequences from any one of the received signal and the demodulated signal. The demodulator and the channel equalizer use the detected known data sequences when performing the carrier and timing recover and the channel-equalization, respectively. Lastly, the burst controller supplies power to the tuner, the demodulator, the channel equalizer, and the data detector only during a burst time for each burst of enhanced data for efficient power consumption.

Abstract: A digital broadcast receiving system and a method for controlling the same are disclosed. The method includes the steps of receiving a broadcast signal having mobile service data and main service data multiplexed therein, extracting transmission parameter channel (TPC) signaling information and fast information channel (FIC) signaling information from a data group within the received mobile service data, wherein the FIC signaling information includes a current/next (C/N) indicator, and wherein the TPC signaling information includes FIC version information, and detecting ensemble configuration information of a current MH frame.

Abstract: A digital television transmitting system includes a frame encoder, a block processor, a group formatter, and a multiplexer. The frame encoder forms an enhanced data frame and encodes the data frame for error correction and for error detection. The block processor further encodes the encoded data frame at a rate of 1/2 or 1/4, and the group formatter divides the encoded data frame into a plurality of enhanced data blocks and maps the divided data blocks into a plurality of enhanced data groups, respectively. The multiplexer multiplexes the enhanced data groups with main data.

Abstract: A digital television transmitting system includes a frame encoder, a block processor, a group formatter, and a multiplexer. The frame encoder forms an enhanced data frame and encodes the data frame for error correction and for error detection. The block processor further encodes the encoded data frame at a rate of 1/2 or 1/4, and the group formatter divides the encoded data frame into a plurality of enhanced data blocks and maps the divided data blocks into a plurality of enhanced data groups, respectively. The multiplexer multiplexes the enhanced data groups with main data.

Abstract: A transmitting system and method therein are disclosed, by which mobile service data is received and processed. The transmitting system includes an encoder, a signaling encoder, a group formatter, a transmission unit. The encoder encodes mobile data and the signaling encoder encodes signaling information. The group formatter forms data groups having the encoded mobile and signaling information. The data groups have a plurality of data blocks and specific data blocks of the plurality of data blocks include known data sequences. The transmission unit transmit broadcast signal including a parade that includes a collection of data groups having same FEC parameters. And the signaling information includes information identifying the parade and first assigned data group number for the parade to which a first assigned data group belongs.