Abstract: An optical read/write device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes a lens portion configured to irradiate light emitted from a light source to an optical recording medium, and the lens portion includes: a flexible shape-variable lens; and an electrode portion provided on the shape-variable lens. The shape of the shape-variable lens can be changed when voltage is applied to the electrode.

Abstract: Provided is a method for transmitting data in a communication or broadcasting system using a linear block code by generating a codeword by encoding input information data bits, interleaving the codeword; outputting modulation signal-constituting bits by bit-mapping the interleaved codeword using a bit-mapping table predetermined depending on a modulation scheme and a coding rate, outputting a modulation signal by modulating the modulation signal-constituting bits and transmitting the modulation signal via a transmit antenna.

Abstract: A transmitting apparatus includes a symbol generator configured to generate a preamble symbol including signaling data and a reference signal, a frequency allocator configured to allocate first subcarriers and second subcarriers to the signaling data and the reference signal, respectively, in a frequency corresponding to the preamble symbol and map the signaling data and the reference signal to the allocated subcarriers, and a transmitter configured to transmit a signal including the preamble symbol and a data symbol, wherein the reference signal is a signal used for channel estimation or frequency offset compensation. Thus, synchronization is accurately corrected and channel estimation is achieved using the reference signal included in the preamble symbol, thereby reducing a ratio of a pilot included in a data symbol.

Abstract: A transmitting apparatus is provided. The transmitting apparatus includes a frame generator configured to generate a frame by mapping data included in an input stream to at least one signal processing path, an information inserter configured to insert signaling information including a configurable field and a dynamic field into a signaling area of the frame, and a transmitter configured to transmit the frame in which the signaling information is inserted. The dynamic field selectively includes only information about a number of data blocks among information about the data mapped to the at least one signal processing path. Therefore, transmission efficiency of the transmitting apparatus is increased.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for transmitting and receiving data in a wireless communication is provided. The method includes Low Density Parity Check (LDPC)-encoding LDPC information bits to generate a codeword, determining a number (Npunc) of bits to be punctured in parity bits of the codeword, determining a number (Npunc—group) of parity bit groups in which all bits are punctured, and puncturing the all bits within 0th to (Npunc—group?1)th parity bit groups indicated by a puncturing pattern, wherein the puncturing pattern is defined as an order of the parity bit groups defined as 29, 45, 43, 27, 32, 35, 40, 38, 0, 19, 8, 16, 41, 4, 26, 36, 30, 2, 13, 42, 46, 24, 37, 1, 33, 11, 44, 28, 20, 9, 34, 3, 17, 6, 21, 14, 23, 7, 22, 47, 5, 10, 12, 15, 18, 25, 31 and 39.

Abstract: A broadcasting signal transmitting apparatus that transmits a plurality of signals through a plurality of antennas to increase a data transmission rate. The broadcasting signal transmitting apparatus includes a signal generator configured to generate the plurality of signals each of which includes at least one preamble symbol and data symbols, a frequency allocator configured to allocate a first subcarrier position of a whole frequency to a first preamble symbol included in a first signal among the plurality of signals and to allocate, by shifting a frequency position of the first subcarrier position by a preset interval, a second subcarrier position to a second preamble symbol included in a second signal among the plurality of signals, and a transmitter configured to transmit the plurality of signals through the plurality of antennas. The antennas respectively correspond to subcarrier positions allocated to the plurality of signals.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for reducing a Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) in a digital broadcasting system. Reserved tones are determined in previously determined locations of sub-carriers that do not collide with a pilot signal of a preamble in a frame. A signal is transmitted through the reserved tones in a period for which the preamble is transmitted. If a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) size is 8K, locations of the reserved tones are determined in accordance with a specified chart.

Abstract: A method for reducing Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) in a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) based radio communication system is provided. The method includes arranging symbols mapped to predetermined sub-carrier allocation types such that phases of the symbols do not overlap, and transmitting the arranged symbols.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for performing shortening and puncturing in case of performing encoding and decoding using a parity test matrix in a communication/broadcasting system are provided. The method includes determining a number of zero-padding bits, determining a number Npad of bit groups in which all bits are padded with zeros, padding the all bits within 0th to (Npad?1)th bit groups with zeros based on a shortening pattern, encoding information bits including the zero-padded bits to generate a codeword. Here, the shortening pattern is defined in a sequence of bit groups defined as 9, 8, 15, 10, 0, 12, 5, 27, 6, 7, 19, 22, 1, 16, 26, 20, 21, 18, 11, 3, 17, 24, 2, 23, 25, 14, 28, 4, 13, 29.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting data comprising a plurality of data streams in a broadcasting system are provided. The method includes dividing a frame into a plurality of physical layer zones; allocating the plurality of data streams to at least one of the plurality of physical layer zones; allocating signaling information associated with the plurality of physical layers to at least one of the plurality of physical layer zones; and transmitting the frame to which the signaling information is allocated.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for transmitting and receiving data in a wireless communication is provided. The method includes determining a number of zero-padding bits, determining a number (Npad) of bit groups in which all bits are padded with zeros, padding the all bits within 0th to (Npad?1)th bit groups indicated by a shortening pattern with zeros, mapping information bits to bit positions which are not padded in Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenghem (BCH) information bits, BCH encoding the BCH information bits to generate Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) information bits, and LDPC encoding the LDPC information bits to generate a zero-padded codeword, wherein the shortening pattern is defined as an order of bit groups defined as 6, 5, 4, 9, 3, 2, 1, 8, 0, 7, 10 and 11.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for transmitting and receiving encoded data. A codeword is generated by encoding an information word. Some parity bits are punctured in the generated codeword. A frame including the punctured codeword is transmitted. Additional parity bits for decoding the information word are transmitted in one or more other frames.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for receiving control information in a digital broadcasting/communication system. The method includes receiving signaling information having a fixed number of bits in a coded block of a received frame; and decoding signaling information having a variable number of bits in at least one coded block of the received frame, using the signaling information having the fixed number of bits. The signaling information having the fixed number of bits includes information about a number of Radio Frequency (RF) channels, and the signaling information having the variable number of bits includes information representing a frequency for each of the RF channels, respectively.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for using a frequency hopping scheme in a broadcast communication system are provided. A method for transmitting a broadcast signal via at least two frequency bands by a transmission end device in the broadcast communication system includes determining a frequency hopping pattern for providing a broadcast service and transmitting the same; transmitting control information via a first frame after a frequency is changed according to the frequency hopping pattern; and transmitting broadcast data for the broadcast service via a frame transmitted after the first frame.

Abstract: A method is provided for channel encoding in a communication system using a Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC) code. The method includes grouping information bits into a plurality of groups; determining an order of the plurality of groups to be shortened, based on whether a specific region in a frame is to be LDPC-encoded, where the specific region has a different ratio of a number of bits to be shortened to a number of bits to be punctured; determining a length of an information word to be obtained by shortening the plurality of groups; shortening the plurality of groups on a group basis in the determined order based on the determined length of the information word; and LDPC-encoding a shortened information word.

Abstract: A method of transmitting data comprising a plurality of data streams in a broadcasting system is provided. The method includes dividing a frame into a plurality of physical layer zones, allocating the plurality of data streams to the plurality of physical layer zones, allocating signaling information associated with the plurality of physical layers to at least one of the plurality of physical layer regions, and transmitting the frame to which the signaling information is allocated.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for channel coding in a communication system using a Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) code. The method includes determining degrees for each of a plurality of column groups of an information part; determining a shortening order based on the degrees; generating a parity check matrix based on the shortening order; and performing coding using the parity check matrix.

Abstract: A touch panel according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a pressure detection unit including a light-source unit configured to generate an optical signal, an optical waveguide configured to transfer the optical signal, a sensing unit contacting with the optical waveguide to receive the optical signal according to an intensity of pressure applied externally, and a light-receiving unit configured to receive the optical signal transferred through the optical waveguide from the sensing unit; and an actuator contacting with the pressure detection unit to cause a deformation of a material according to the pressure intensity, wherein the actuator provides a tactile feedback through a vibration according to the pressure intensity.

Abstract: A method for transmitting encoded data, which improves a diversity effect in a communication system, including generating parity bits for an information word, generating a codeword by encoding an information word using the generated parity bits, puncturing some of the parity bits of the codeword, transmitting a frame including the information word, and generating additional parity bits for decoding the information word and transmitting the additional parity bits in one or more other frames.

Abstract: A method is provided for channel encoding in a communication system using a Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC) code. The method includes grouping information bits into a plurality of groups; determining an order of the plurality of groups to be shortened, based on a ratio of a number of bits to be shortened to a number of bits to be punctured; determining a length of an information word to be obtained by shortening the plurality of groups; shortening the plurality of groups on a group basis in the determined order based on the determined length of the information word; and LDPC-encoding a shortened information word.