Abstract: A fingerprint sensor includes a pixel array, an analog-to-digital converter, and a reference signal generator. The pixel array includes a plurality of unit pixels arranged in rows and columns, and each of the plurality of unit pixels generates an analog signal by detecting a fingerprint of a user. The analog-to-digital converter performs an analog-to-digital conversion operation on the analog signal to generate a digital signal. The analog-to-digital converter is configured to perform the analog-to-digital conversion based on a reference signal. The reference signal generator generates the reference signal such that the reference signal decreases at a first rate from a start voltage, and adjusts a magnitude of the start voltage based on the digital signal.

Abstract: Provided are a fingerprint controller for driving a fingerprint sensing array in a touchscreen divided by at least a touch sensing region and a fingerprint sensing region, a method of operating the fingerprint controller, and a driver integrated circuit for driving the touchscreen including the fingerprint sensing array. The method includes: receiving a reference timing signal from an external module; generating a fingerprint sensing timing signal for driving the fingerprint sensing array in synchronization with the reference timing signal; and driving the fingerprint sensing array based on the fingerprint sensing timing signal.

Abstract: A fingerprint sensor includes a pixel array, an analog-to-digital converter, and a reference signal generator. The pixel array includes a plurality of unit pixels arranged in rows and columns, and each of the plurality of unit pixels generates an analog signal by detecting a fingerprint of a user. The analog-to-digital converter performs an analog-to-digital conversion operation on the analog signal to generate a digital signal. The analog-to-digital converter is configured to perform the analog-to-digital conversion based on a reference signal. The reference signal generator generates the reference signal such that the reference signal decreases at a first rate from a start voltage, and adjusts a magnitude of the start voltage based on the digital signal.

Abstract: A fingerprint sensor includes a pixel array, an analog-to-digital converter, and a reference signal generator. The pixel array includes a plurality of unit pixels arranged in rows and columns, and each of the plurality of unit pixels generates an analog signal by detecting a fingerprint of a user. The analog-to-digital converter performs an analog-to-digital conversion operation on the analog signal to generate a digital signal. The analog-to-digital converter is configured to perform the analog-to-digital conversion based on a reference signal. The reference signal generator generates the reference signal such that the reference signal decreases at a first rate from a start voltage, and adjusts a magnitude of the start voltage based on the digital signal.

Abstract: A fingerprint sensor includes a pixel array and a controller. The pixel array includes a plurality of unit pixels arranged in rows and columns, each of the plurality of unit pixels including, a sensing electrode configured to form a detection capacitance with a finger, a signal generation circuit configured to output an analog signal through a column line based on the detection capacitance, and a protection circuit configured to control a voltage transfer between the sensing electrode and a common line. The controller is configured to control the protection circuit in each of the plurality of unit pixels to transfer a voltage at the sensing electrode of an active unit pixel of the plurality of unit pixels to the sensing electrode in at least one protection unit pixel of the plurality of unit pixels through the common line.

Abstract: Provided are a fingerprint controller for driving a fingerprint sensing array in a touchscreen divided by at least a touch sensing region and a fingerprint sensing region, a method of operating the fingerprint controller, and a driver integrated circuit for driving the touchscreen including the fingerprint sensing array. The method includes: receiving a reference timing signal from an external module; generating a fingerprint sensing timing signal for driving the fingerprint sensing array in synchronization with the reference timing signal; and driving the fingerprint sensing array based on the fingerprint sensing timing signal.

Abstract: An operating method of an optical fingerprint sensor, an operating method of an electronic device including the optical fingerprint sensor, and a display device including the optical fingerprint sensor are disclosed. The method of operating a fingerprint sensor, wherein the fingerprint sensor senses a fingerprint image based on light reflected from a fingerprint, may include transmitting a first signal indicating a first request to turn on light emission, to a display driving circuit which drives a display panel disposed on the fingerprint sensor, scanning an object on the display panel, based on light irradiated from the display panel, and transmitting, to the display driving circuit, a second signal indicating a second request to turn off the light emission.

Abstract: A touch controller for driving a touch screen including a touch sensing array and a fingerprint sensing array, the touch controller including a processor configured to: generate first touch data from a first input, on a touch sensing area of the touch screen, sensed by the touch sensing array; generate second touch data from a second input, on a fingerprint sensing area of the touch screen, sensed by at least one of the touch sensing array and the fingerprint sensing array; and compensate the second touch data by adjusting touch values included therein to generate compensated second touch data, wherein the first touch data, the second touch data and the compensated second touch data are used to calculate coordinates of the first input and the second input on the touch screen, and the fingerprint sensing array receives a third input on the fingerprint sensing area to generate fingerprint data.

Abstract: A fingerprint sensor includes a pixel array, an analog-to-digital converter, and a reference signal generator. The pixel array includes a plurality of unit pixels arranged in rows and columns, and each of the plurality of unit pixels generates an analog signal by detecting a fingerprint of a user. The analog-to-digital converter performs an analog-to-digital conversion operation on the analog signal to generate a digital signal. The analog-to-digital converter is configured to perform the analog-to-digital conversion based on a reference signal. The reference signal generator generates the reference signal such that the reference signal decreases at a first rate from a start voltage, and adjusts a magnitude of the start voltage based on the digital signal.

Abstract: A fingerprint sensor includes a pixel array and a controller. The pixel array includes a plurality of unit pixels arranged in rows and columns, each of the plurality of unit pixels including, a sensing electrode configured to form a detection capacitance with a finger, a signal generation circuit configured to output an analog signal through a column line based on the detection capacitance, and a protection circuit configured to control a voltage transfer between the sensing electrode and a common line. The controller is configured to control the protection circuit in each of the plurality of unit pixels to transfer a voltage at the sensing electrode of an active unit pixel of the plurality of unit pixels to the sensing electrode in at least one protection unit pixel of the plurality of unit pixels through the common line.

Abstract: Provided are a three-dimensional (3D) image acquisition apparatus, and a method of generating a depth image in the 3D image acquisition apparatus. The method may include sequentially projecting a light transmission signal, which is generated from a light source, to a subject, modulating reflected light, which is reflected by the subject, using a light modulation signal, calculating a phase delay using a combination of a first plurality of images of two groups, from among a second plurality of images of all groups obtained by capturing the modulated reflected light, and generating a depth image based on the phase delay.

Abstract: Provided are methods of switching guest-host dual frequency liquid crystals by using a back flow. In the case of a shutter having a dual frequency liquid crystal layer between two transparent substrates, such a method includes: applying a first voltage having a first frequency to the dual frequency liquid crystal layer; and applying a second voltage having a second frequency to the dual frequency liquid crystal, the second frequency being higher than the first frequency, wherein the second voltage is higher than a threshold voltage that generates a back flow around liquid crystals of the dual frequency liquid crystal layer, and the first voltage is lower than the threshold voltage.

Abstract: A method of generating an image by using ultrasound waves. The method includes acquiring a first bio-signal of an object, generating at least one first ultrasound frame by using at least one echo signal obtained from at least one first ultrasound wave transmitted to a preset region of interest (ROI) of the object, generating a second ultrasound frame by using an echo signal obtained from a second ultrasound wave transmitted to the preset ROI, and acquiring a second bio-signal of the object at a time when the second ultrasound wave is transmitted to be used for generating the second ultrasound frame, and determining a reference frame from among the generated at least one first ultrasound frame based on the generated second ultrasound frame and the acquired second bio-signal.

Abstract: Provided are methods of switching guest-host dual frequency liquid crystals by using a back flow. In the case of a shutter having a dual frequency liquid crystal layer between two transparent substrates, such a method includes: applying a first voltage having a first frequency to the dual frequency liquid crystal layer; and applying a second voltage having a second frequency to the dual frequency liquid crystal, the second frequency being higher than the first frequency, wherein the second voltage is higher than a threshold voltage that generates a back flow around liquid crystals of the dual frequency liquid crystal layer, and the first voltage is lower than the threshold voltage.

Abstract: Provided are a three-dimensional (3D) image acquisition apparatus, and a method of generating a depth image in the 3D image acquisition apparatus. The method may include sequentially projecting a light transmission signal, which is generated from a light source, to a subject, modulating reflected light, which is reflected by the subject, using a light modulation signal, calculating a phase delay using a combination of a first plurality of images of two groups, from among a second plurality of images of all groups obtained by capturing the modulated reflected light, and generating a depth image based on the phase delay.

Abstract: A method of tracking motion of an organ, includes receiving organ shape data that includes a shape of an organ of an examinee at a moment of motion of the examinee, and loading first to Nth interpolation curves that represent spatiotemporal motion of respective organs of other examinees, the organs of the other examinees being the same type as the organ of the examinee. The method further includes estimating an interpolation curve that represents a spatiotemporal motion of the organ of the examinee based on the first to Nth interpolation curves and the organ shape data.

Abstract: A memory system includes a memory and a memory controller operating to control the memory. The memory includes a random accessible memory including a memory cell array operable in a random access mode, a NAND flash memory, and a selection circuit making the memory controller operate either one of the random accessible memory or the NAND flash memory.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit including a detector and a secure checker. The detector generates a detection signal upon sensing an abnormal state in an operating environment of the semiconductor integrated circuit. The secure checker generates a check signal to find an operating condition of the detector and receives the detection signal. The detector activates the detection signal in response to the check signal.

Abstract: A memory system includes a memory and a memory controller operating to control the memory. The memory includes a random accessible memory including a memory cell array operable in a random access mode, a NAND flash memory, and a selection circuit making the memory controller operate either one of the random accessible memory or the NAND flash memory.

Abstract: A memory system includes a memory and a memory controller operating to control the memory. The memory includes a random accessible memory including a memory cell array operable in a random access mode, a NAND flash memory, and a selection circuit making the memory controller operate either one of the random accessible memory or the NAND flash memory.