Abstract: An infrared photodetector that is capable of efficiently detecting single photon over an extensive range of wavelengths from several ?m to several hundreds of ?m and is suitable for arraying, and wherein an oscillatory electric field of a single infrared photon (37) parallel to a plane of the patch section (36) of a microstrip antenna when the photon is incident to cause the latter to resonate therewith is converted to an oscillatory electric field (38z) in a z direction, which an electron (39) in a quantum dot (24a) in its base state subband (30) is allowed to absorb, thereby being excited to a first excitation state subband (31) to tunnel through a potential barrier (32) and set free to escape into a quantum well (26) in a ?z direction where it is absorbed. An electric field by ionization of the quantum dot (24a) as a result of escape of the electron (39) causes change in conductance of a point contact (26e).

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a compound useful for the prevention and treatment of viral infectious diseases, and particularly liver diseases caused by HCV infection due to its having a high degree of replication inhibitory activity against HCV, its production method, an intermediate compound useful for its production and a pharmaceutical composition containing these compounds, and the present invention relates to a compound represented by the formula (I): (wherein A represents —(CH2)n—, etc.; B represents —(C?O)—, etc.; D represents —(CH2)m—R?, etc.; E represents a hydrogen atom, etc.; G represents —(CH2)p-J, etc.; bond Q represents a single bond or double bond; and R1, R2 and R3 may be the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom, etc.), a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: A target driving power is calculated in accordance with the operating condition, a fuel consumption rate per power unit is calculated at all the possible operating points of an engine (1) and a drive motor (5) to realize the target driving power, a target fuel consumption rate is set on the basis of the operating condition, and an operating point of the engine (1) and drive motor (5) at which a fuel consumption rate that is equal to the target fuel consumption rate can be realized is searched.

Abstract: A hybrid vehicle comprises a drive wheel (5), an internal combustion engine (1), a power generating motor (2) that generates an electric power by using an output power of the engine (1), and a planetary gear set (13) that comprises a combination of a gear element that is driven by the engine (1), a gear element that is connected to the power generating motor (2), and a gear element that is connected to the drive wheel (5). A target engine power is computed based on an accelerator operation amount. The engine (1) is controlled based on the target engine power. And control a rate of variation in the rotation speed of the engine (1) to be smaller, when the rotation speed of the power generating motor (2) increases than when the rotation speed of the power generating motor (2) decreases toward zero as a result of controlling the engine (1) based on the target engine power. Fuel consumption rate is thus improved.

Abstract: Disclosed is a control apparatus for a hybrid vehicle having an engine, a drive motor (3) that regenerates power, and an electric power storage device (6) that gives/receives power to/from the drive motor (3). The control apparatus includes power consumption means (2) for consuming power; a sensor (26, 27) that detects a state of charge of the electric power storage device; means (18, 23, 51) for detecting a driving state of the vehicle; and a controller (9).

Abstract: An infrared light condensing apparatus is provided that permits an infrared light of several tens microns in wavelength to be focused efficiently at a microfine area of submicron or less and also a near-field from a microfine area of submicron or less to be taken out efficiently and at the same time permits a scanning image to be obtained. It includes a solid immersion lens (2) made of a medium of high index of refraction for coupling an incident light (8) or an outgoing light (9) to an antenna efficiently, a measured specimen (6) disposed on a base plane (3) of the solid immersion lens (2), the antenna (4), e.g.

Abstract: Disclosed is a control apparatus for a hybrid vehicle having an engine, a drive motor (3) that regenerates power, and an electric power storage device (6) that gives/receives power to/from the drive motor (3). The control apparatus includes power consumption means (2) for consuming power; a sensor (26, 27) that detects a state of charge of the electric power storage device; means (18, 23, 51) for detecting a driving state of the vehicle; and a controller (9).

Abstract: A hybrid vehicle comprises a drive wheel (5), an internal combustion engine (1), a power generating motor (2) that generates an electric power by using an output power of the engine (1), and a planetary gear set (13) that comprises a combination of a gear element that is driven by the engine (1), a gear element that is connected to the power generating motor (2), and a gear element that is connected to the drive wheel (5). A target engine power is computed based on an accelerator operation amount. The engine (1) is controlled based on the target engine power. And control a rate of variation in the rotation speed of the engine (1) to be smaller, when the rotation speed of the power generating motor (2) increases than when the rotation speed of the power generating motor (2) decreases toward zero as a result of controlling the engine (1) based on the target engine power. Fuel consumption rate is thus improved.

Abstract: A hybrid electric vehicle comprises a first motor (2) connected to an internal combustion engine (1), a second motor (3) generating vehicle drive force, and a power storage device (6). A controller (9) supplies power from the power storage device (6) to the second motor (3) in response to an accelerator pedal depression amount (B16, B42). The controller (9) calculates an available power supply to the first motor (2) by subtracting the power supply to the second motor (3) from the available power of the power storage device (6) (B28). When the target rotation speed of the engine (1) exceeds the actual rotation speed of the engine (1), power from the power storage device (6) is supplied to the first motor (2) in a range which does not exceed the available power supply (B23, B32), thereby accelerating engine rotation without decreasing power supply to the second motor (3).

Abstract: A voltage is applied across gate electrodes (103A) and (103B) in a two-dimensional electronic system (101) placed under a magnetic field, and the polarity of an electric current passed between ohmic electrodes (102D) and (102S) is selected to bring about inversion of electron spins based on a non-equilibrium distribution of electrons in a quantum Hall edge state and to initialize the polarization of nuclear spins. An oscillatory electric field of a nuclear magnetic resonance frequency is applied to coplanar waveguides (104A) and (104B) to control the nuclear spin polarization. The controlled spin polarization is read out by measuring the Hall resistance from ohmic electrodes (102VA) and (102VB).

Abstract: A target driving power is calculated in accordance with the operating condition, a fuel consumption rate per power unit is calculated at all the possible operating points of an engine (1) and a drive motor (5) to realize the target driving power, a target fuel consumption rate is set on the basis of the operating condition, and an operating point of the engine (1) and drive motor (5) at which a fuel consumption rate that is equal to the target fuel consumption rate can be realized is searched.

Abstract: A hybrid electric vehicle comprises a first motor (2) connected to an internal combustion engine (1), a second motor (3) generating vehicle drive force, and a power storage device (6). A controller (9) supplies power from the power storage device (6) to the second motor (3) in response to an accelerator pedal depression amount (B16, B42). The controller (9) calculates an available power supply to the first motor (2) by subtracting the power supply to the second motor (3) from the available power of the power storage device (6) (B28). When the target rotation speed of the engine (1) exceeds the actual rotation speed of the engine (1), power from the power storage device (6) is supplied to the first motor (2) in a range which does not exceed the available power supply (B23, B32), thereby accelerating engine rotation without decreasing power supply to the second motor (3).

Abstract: A maximum charging power when a battery is warmed up is set, and a target rotation speed is set based on the sum of the engine output required to drive the vehicle and the maximum charging power. The target charging power when the battery is warmed up, is computed based on the charge state of the battery. The target torque of the engine is set by dividing the target engine output, obtained based on the sum of the engine output required to drive the vehicle and the target charging power, by the engine rotation speed. In the battery warm-up control, the rotation speed of the engine and generator is controlled to the target rotation speed, and the torque of the engine is controlled to the target torque.

Abstract: A minimum needed power is computed by adding a reserve drive power to a target drive power, a best fuel cost-performance rotation speed is computed based on the target drive power and the best fuel cost-performance power characteristics of an engine (1), and a minimum needed rotation speed is computed based on the minimum needed power and the maximum power characteristics of the engine (1). The best fuel cost-performance rotation speed is compared with the minimum needed rotation speed, the larger is selected as a target input rotation speed of a continuously variable transmission (2), the speed ratio of the transmission (2) is controlled based on the driving axle rotation speed and target input rotation speed, and the torque of the engine (2) is controlled based on the engine rotation speed and target drive power.

Abstract: An MR/FIR light detector is disclosed herein that has extraordinarily high degree of sensitivity and a high speed of response. The detector includes an MR/FIR light introducing section (1) for guiding an incident MR/FIR light (2), a semiconductor substrate (14) formed with a single-electron transistor (14) for controlling electric current passing through a semiconductor quantum dot (12) formed therein, and a BOTAI antenna (6, 6a, 6b, 6c) for concentrating the MW/FIR light (2) into a small special zone of sub-micron size occupied by the semiconductor quantum dot (12) in the single-electron transistor (14). The quantum dot (12) forming a two-dimensional electron system absorbs the electromagnetic wave concentrated efficiently, and retains an excitation state created therein for 10 nanoseconds or more, thus permitting electrons of as many as one millions in number or more to be transferred with respect to a single photon absorbed.

Abstract: A control device and control method for a hybrid vehicle is disclosed having an electric storage detecting section 13 which detects a state of charge (SOC) of an electric storage device 10. A target running efficiency calculating section 14 serves as a unit to calculate a target value of a running efficiency, indicative of a proportion of a given physical quantity, in terms of a drive power rate required for driving the vehicle such that the higher the SOC detected value, the smaller will be the target value.

Abstract: A control device and control method for a hybrid vehicle is disclosed having an electric storage detecting section 13 which detects a state of charge (SOC) of an electric storage device 10. A target running efficiency calculating section 14 serves as a unit to calculate a target value of a running efficiency, indicative of a proportion of a given physical quantity, in terms of a drive power rate required for driving the vehicle such that the higher the SOC detected value, the smaller will be the target value.

Abstract: A maximum charging power when a battery (6) is warmed up is set, and a target rotation speed is set based on the sum of the engine output required to drive the vehicle and the maximum charging power. The target charging power when the battery (6) is warmed up, is computed based on the charge state of the battery (6). The target torque of the engine (1) is set by dividing the target engine output, obtained based on the sum of the engine output required to drive the vehicle and the target charging power, by the engine rotation speed. In the battery warm-up control, the rotation speed of the engine (1) and generator (2) is controlled to the target rotation speed, and the torque of the engine (1) is controlled to the target torque.

Abstract: A minimum needed power is computed by adding a reserve drive power to a target drive power, a best fuel cost-performance rotation speed is computed based on the target drive power and the best fuel cost-performance power characteristics of an engine (1), and a minimum needed rotation speed is computed based on the minimum needed power and the maximum power characteristics of the engine (1). The best fuel cost-performance rotation speed is compared with the minimum needed rotation speed, the larger is selected as a target input rotation speed of a continuously variable transmission (2), the speed ratio of the transmission (2) is controlled based on the driving axe rotation speed and target input rotation speed, and the torque of the engine (2) is controlled based on the engine rotation speed and target drive power.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to new 1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol derivatives of the formula (I), 1