Abstract: An observation apparatus is disclosed that includes two projection devices, a display panel, and a retaining and supporting member. The two projection devices are each provided with an aperture, and are positioned and oriented so that images are projected onto the display panel through the apertures. The display panel either includes a pupil-forming optical system that is formed of an image-forming element having positive optical power that is integral to the display panel or is sufficiently nearby it such that conjugate positions of the projection apertures are formed at pupil positions for observation. The retaining and supporting member is provided with a retaining mechanism that enables the display panel to be detachably attached to the supporting member.

Abstract: A 3-D observation apparatus and 3-D observation system, as well as another observation apparatus, are provided such that it is possible to make observations while substantially in the same posture, without glasses, of either a plurality of 3-D images, or of a 2-D image and a 3-D image. Bright images are provided, there is great freedom in the position at which observations can be made, no distortion of the images is created even if the observer changes his position, and observations can be made with a comfortable observation posture.

Abstract: A 3-D observation apparatus includes a projector and an imaging means of positive refractive power. The projector projects left and right stereo images through respective apertures so that the images overlap. The imaging means forms images of the respective apertures which serve as exit pupils of the 3-D observation apparatus. The imaging means: (1) has its optical axis decentered to prevent the observer's head from interfering with the projector, (2) is formed of either a Fresnel lens or a Fresnel mirror, and (3) is positioned substantially at the overlapped images. A diffuser is provided substantially at the imaging means for the purpose of enlarging the size of the exit pupils, while not allowing them to overlap. In this way, a viewer can comfortably view the overlapped 2-D images and will experience them as 3-D images without having to wear special glasses.

Abstract: A 3-D viewing system is disclosed that enables multiple operators to share a common objective element while readily adjusting the orientation of images that are displayed to one or more moveable display units. The orientation of images that are displayed at a movable display unit can be made to automatically depend on the position/orientation of the display unit. Thus, greater freedom in viewing postures is provided than previously available in 3-D viewing systems that share a common objective element, and each operator may view a 3-D image with proper perspective for his position/orientation. In order to reduce the number of optical components, the need to adjust optical components, and reduce costs, images from at least two different optical perspectives may be time-division multiplexed onto a single optical detecting device.

Abstract: An optical observation device for observing 3-D images of an endoscope is disclosed. The optical observation device includes: an image input means having a rod-shaped front part with a sufficiently small diameter for insertion within a living human being, the rod-shaped front part containing a front optical system for capturing images having parallax in a direction that includes a component in the longitudinal direction of the rod-shaped front part; a means for detecting at least one of the parallax direction or parallax magnitude of the front optical system; an image conversion means for changing at least one of the parallax direction or parallax magnitude of images received from the image input means so as to form converted images; and a 3-D image observation means for enabling the 3-D observation of the converted images.

Abstract: A 3-D viewing system is disclosed that enables multiple operators to share a common objective element while readily adjusting the orientation of images that are displayed to one or more moveable display units. The orientation of images that are displayed at a movable display unit can be made to automatically depend on the position/orientation of the display unit. Thus greater freedom in viewing postures is provided than previously available in 3-D viewing systems that share a common objective element, and each operator may view a 3-D image with proper perspective for his position/orientation. In order to reduce the number of optical components, the need to adjust optical components, and reduce costs, images from at least two different optical perspectives may be time-division multiplexed onto a single optical detecting device.

Abstract: In heat-treating a metallic alloy containing volatile metals such as zinc, manganese, chromium, aluminium, and so on in a tunnellike continuous furnace, argon is employed as a furnace atmosphere so that a pressure selectively produced by the argon atmosphere in the furnace is utilized for preventing the volatile metals from evaporating out of the metallic alloy during its heat-treatment. The argon employed as the furnace atmosphere and having a specific gravity higher than the air prevents also the air from entering into the furnace, and works also to purge the air which has happened to come into the furnace together with the metallic alloy, whereby the furnace atmosphere is kept constantly inert.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a 3-D display device are disclosed which simultaneously provide a wide field of view and a large eye relief and yet do not require that the viewer wear glasses or the like in order to keep the images intended for only the left eye from entering the view field of the right eye and vice-versa. The light that forms left and right display images is made independent in left and right optical paths, either by having orthogonal polarizations, wavelengths that do not overlap, or by time-multiplexing the left and right images in different time periods that do not coincide.

Abstract: Provided is a drum surface scanner with which punched holes and/or cuts can be formed in a plate which has been correctly defined by position, and the plate can be clamped to a recording drum. When a plate P comes in front of movable pins 113, i.e., on a hole punch unit 4 side, the upper roller of a conveyor roller 125 moves down, and conveyor rollers 124 and 125, and conveyor belts 111 all start rotating in the positive direction. Once the plate P moves out of the range covered by a sensor PH159, the movable pins 113 follow the tail end of the plate P at a given distance therefrom. When the front end of the plate P reaches the hole punch unit 4, the movable pins 113 which have been chasing the plate P push the tail end thereof to make the front end thereof abut to the hole punch unit 4. At the same time, based on the movement amount of the movable pins 113 from their original positions to current positions pushing the tail end of the plate P, the plate P is checked for its length Y.

Abstract: At least a part of the surface of a crystalline silicon semiconductor substrate is rendered porous to convert at least a part of the crystalline silicon semiconductor substrate to a porous silicon layer. A catalytic metal layer is formed on the porous silicon layer. An amorphous silicon thin film is formed on the catalytic metal layer. The amorphous silicon thin film is heated to monocrystallize the amorphous silicon thin film, thereby converting the amorphous silicon thin film to a crystalline silicon thin film. The crystalline silicon semiconductor substrate, provided with the crystalline silicon thin film, is joined to a support substrate so that the crystalline silicon thin film faces the support substrate. The crystalline silicon semiconductor substrate, together with the porous silicon layer, which is the crystalline silicon semiconductor substrate in its portion converted to a porous layer, is separated and removed from the crystalline silicon thin film joined to the support substrate.

Abstract: A four-wheel drive vehicle having a first hydraulic pump operated in operative association with the rotation of front wheels, and a second hydraulic pump operated in operative association with the rotation of rear wheels, such that a difference in rotational speed is produced between the front and rear wheels, a multi-plate clutch is brought into its engaged state by a hydraulic pressure generated by the hydraulic pumps, whereby the mode of the vehicle is shifted into a four-wheel drive mode. A torque cam mechanism is disposed between a clutch piston and clutch plates, so that when the difference in rotational speed is produced between the front and rear wheels, the torque cam mechanism produces an axial thrust force immediately to promptly bring the multi-plate clutch into its engaged state. The engagement of the multi-plate clutch is achieved with a sufficient engagement force by the hydraulic pressure thereafter produced by the hydraulic pump.

Abstract: The illuminating light transmitted by the light guide inserted through the elongate inserted section is projected out of the distal end surface of the inserted section. The illuminated objects pass through the respective pupils of the two objective lens systems arranged in parallel within the distal end section of the inserted section and their images are formed on the focal surface. The respective images are transmitted to the rear side by one common relay lens system. The transmitted final images are formed respectively on the image taking surfaces of the image taking devices. The respective images photoelectrically converted by the respective image taking devices are processed to be signals, are displayed in the monitor and are stereo-inspected through shutter spectacles.

Abstract: The fuel injection control device for engines minimizes variations of the pressure of the common rail that stores fuel, by equalizing the amount of fuel delivered by pump chambers of the fuel pump. For example, the common rail pressure that has fallen as a result of fuel injection by the secondly-operated injector is recovered to the pressure Pf(2) by the fuel delivered from the pump chamber containing the thirdly-operated piston. The difference between the recovered pressure Pf(2) and the common rail pressure Pf(1) that was recovered following the preceding fuel injection has a correlation with the amount of fuel delivered from the corresponding pump chamber. In this way, based on the difference between the common rail recovery pressures provided by the fuel delivered from the successively operated pump chambers, the amount of fuel delivered from each pump chamber is regulated to control the recovered common rail pressure.

Abstract: A coating apparatus has compact coating assembly modules which require less storage space and are easier to handle and which through the common use of parts and accessory tools provide a reduced manufacturing cost of the apparatus as a whole. A coating assembly which rotates during coating and a coating assembly which does not rotate during coating can be interchangeably installed to a support frame. Two bearing cases are mounted on the support frame, and the coating assemblies each have two shaft parts which can be removably set in the bearing cases. The shaft parts of the rotating coating assembly can be rotatably set in the bearing cases, and a shaft part of the non-rotating coating assembly can, when set in its corresponding bearing case, be anchored to a fixed part so that it cannot rotate. Another coating assembly which does not rotate during coating has left and right mounting parts which can be removably fixed to bearing cradle parts of the bearing cases.

Abstract: An optical diffusion film comprises a plurality of diffraction grating cells formed on a substrate, each cell comprising a plurality of curved gratings disposed in parallel with each other and containing the same profile. Such film can be manufactured by embossing, using an original plate formed by etching a photosensitive material by means of an electronic beam exposure system to produce gratings. When such a film is provided with a reflection layer and exposed to light coming obliquely from above, highly bright and diffracted light is emitted in a predetermined direction.

Abstract: A component management system includes: a component database for registering component data regarding a plurality of components, which have been admitted to be purchased based on predetermined criteria; an e-mail server for receiving information regarding components from a component provider and for sending the received information to a person in charge of component admission. The component database is updated based on a result of selection performed based on the sent information.

Abstract: Concave and convex are formed on the substrate 1, the amorphous silicon layer 4 is formed on the metallic catalyst 3 dispersed and arranged in a dotted shape in the concave portion of the concave and convex, the crystal phases 5 having respective orientations from the metallic catalyst 3 are grown, further the crystal phases 5 are integrated with each other by continuing heat treatment and the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 is formed. A crystalline silicon semiconductor device and its method for fabrication which are costly advantageous and capable of efficiently forming the polycrystalline silicon layer of a predetermined thickness needed as a semiconductor device are provided.

Abstract: A system and method are provided which are necessary for exchanging information among a sales agent a1, user a2 and manufacturer A, for preparing a parts check list on an on-line basis, and for storing information to be provided.

Abstract: At least a part of the surface of a crystalline silicon semiconductor substrate is rendered porous to convert at least a part of the crystalline silicon semiconductor substrate to a porous silicon layer. A catalytic metal layer is formed on the porous silicon layer. An amorphous silicon thin film is formed on the catalytic metal layer. The amorphous silicon thin film is heated to monocrystallize the amorphous silicon thin film, thereby converting the amorphous silicon thin film to a crystalline silicon thin film. The crystalline silicon semiconductor substrate, provided with the crystalline silicon thin film is joined to a support substrate so that the crystalline silicon thin film faces the support substrate. The crystalline silicon semiconductor substrate, together with the porous silicon layer, which is the crystalline silicon semiconductor substrate in its portion converted to a porous layer, is separated and removed from the crystalline silicon thin film joined to the support substrate.

Abstract: The illuminating light transmitted by the light guide inserted through the elongate inserted section is projected out of the distal end surface of the inserted section. The illuminated objects pass through the respective non-superimposed pupils of the two objective lens systems arranged in parallel within the distal end section of the inserted section and their images, which are not equal to each other are formed on the focal surface. The respective images are transmitted to the rear side by one common relay lens system having a single optical axis. The transmitted final images are formed respectively on the image taking surfaces of the image taking devices. The respective images photoelectrically converted by the respective image taking devices are processed to be signals, are displayed in the monitor and are stereo-inspected through shutter spectacles.