Abstract: [Object] A pneumatic tire 2 that allows achievement of reduction of rolling resistance without taking influence on a mass into consideration, is provided. [Solution] A profile OL of the tire 2 includes a ground-contact surface 46 and a pair of side surfaces 48. In the profile OL, a zone from a point PB to a point PW is formed by three arcs. The arcs are a first arc, a second arc that extends almost outward from the first arc in the radial direction, and a third arc that extends almost outward from the second arc further in the radial direction. A ratio of a radius R2 of curvature of the second arc to a radius R1 of curvature of the first arc is greater than or equal to 1.45 and not greater than 3.26. A ratio of a radius R3 of curvature of the third arc to the radius R1 of curvature of the first arc is greater than or equal to 0.45 and not greater than 0.56. Each sidewall 8 of the tire 2 has a first recess 50a and a second recess 50b that are recessed inward from the side surface 48.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire comprises a tread portion divided by three circumferentially continuously extending main grooves into two crown land portions and two shoulder land portions. The axial width W2 of the shoulder land portion is 1.15 to 2.0 times the axial width W1 of the crown land portion. Crown axial grooves disposed in the crown land portions have a groove width of at most 2 mm and are inclined to the opposite direction to the inclining direction of the radially outermost belt ply cords. Shoulder axial grooves disposed in the shoulder land portions are inclined to the same direction as the inclining direction of the radially outermost belt ply cords. Each of the shoulder axial grooves is not connected to the main groove or alternatively connected to the main groove through a narrow part having a width of 1.2 mm or less.

Abstract: In a tire 2, a difference Fs (((Dd?De)/W)×100) in an amount of protrusion is greater than ?0.4 and less than 0.5. A sum Fa (((Dd+De)/W)×100) of amounts of protrusions for a sidewall 6 satisfies mathematical expressions (3) and (4) in which an aspect ratio A is used, and a difference Gs (((Da?Dh)/W)×100) in an amount of protrusion for a tread 4 satisfies mathematical expressions (6) and (7). 0.02626×A?1.8615<Fa??(3) Fa<0.02626×A?0.6615??(4) ?0.010819×A?0.084658<Gs??(6) Gs<?0.010819×A+0.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire tread includes center lateral grooves inclined to the reverse direction of the belt cords of the outermost belt ply of the belt, a groove width Wyc of the center lateral grooves being from 1.0 to 6.0 mm, shoulder lateral grooves being inclined to the same direction of the belt cords of the outermost belt ply, the shoulder lateral grooves having a narrow-width portion having a groove width Wys1 of from 0.4 to 1.5 mm at a position where it connects to a shoulder circumferential main groove, and a wide-width portion having a groove width Wys2 of from 2.0 to 8.0 mm which is connected to the narrow-width portion and extends beyond the tread ground-contact edge.

Abstract: There is provided a low-cost electronic control unit that is capable of performing its hardware check every start and stop of the electronic control unit. A monitoring and control circuit section that is an integrated circuit element built in the electronic control unit includes a self-test circuit configured with a built-in self-test control block, scan chain circuits and mask circuitry, and performs a self-test using the built-in self-test control block and a partial combination of the scan chain circuits at start of the operation. In the shipment inspection of the integrated circuit element alone, an external test is performed by a checker microprocessor using an entire combination of the scan chain circuits. Thus, the electronic control unit of low-cost configuration is capable of performing a scan test by making use of part of the scan chain circuits designed for the component inspection.

Abstract: The present invention achieves construction of a multipoint contact ball bearing that is able to prevent the rolling surfaces of the balls 4 from becoming damaged and can keep the durability of the bearing from decreasing while maintaining the radial load capacity even when large radial loads act and the rolling surfaces of the balls 4 coming in contact with the inner raceway bottom section 8a. The inner raceway 5a is complex curved surface that comprises a pair of inner raceway side surface sections having a generating line shape with a radius of curvature that is larger than 50% the diameter of the balls 4, and an inner raceway bottom section 8a that connects the edges of the inside end in the width direction of the pair of inner raceway side surface sections 7a; with the inner raceway bottom section 8a big a concave curved surface having a generating line shape with a radius of curvature R8 that is less than 50% the diameter of the balls 4.

Abstract: A run-flat tire comprises a tread portion having a left-right asymmetry tread pattern including an inboard tread edge and an outboard tread edge defining a tread width therebetween, a circumferentially extending inner crown main groove disposed in an inner crown area being 20% width of the tread width from a tire equator toward the in-board tread edge, a plurality of inner lateral grooves extending from the inner crown main groove to the in-board tread edge, a plurality of inner blocks separated by the inner crown main groove, inner lateral grooves and the inboard tread edge, wherein each inner block is not provided with any circumferential grooves, or is provided with at least one narrow circumferential groove having a groove width of less than 2.0 mm.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire having a tread portion, a pair of sidewall portions, a pair of bead portions each with a bead core therein, wherein in a tire meridian section including a tire axis under a standard state that the tire is mounted on a standard rim and inflated to a standard pressure but loaded with no tire load, the tread portion has a tread width TW (mm) being from 80 to 90% of a nominal tire width YW, a profile from a shoulder region of the tread portion to the sidewall portion includes a shoulder profile for defining the shoulder portion, a sidewall profile for defining at least a part of the sidewall portion, and a buttress profile smoothly connecting between the shoulder profile and the sidewall profile.

Abstract: This backlash measurement device measures the backlash existing between a first part and a second part that is provided with: a left pressing piece (37L) and a right pressing piece (37R) that rotate together with the second part, that pass through the center of rotation (41), and that extend the same distance from the center of rotation; a left pressing mechanism (38L) that presses the left pressing piece and a right pressing mechanism (38R) that presses the right pressing piece; a displacement amount detection mechanism (39) that comes into contact with the right pressing piece and that measures the displacement amount of the left pressing piece and the displacement amount of the right pressing piece; and a calculation unit (49) that determines backlash on the basis of the left displacement amount and the right displacement amount detected by the displacement amount detection mechanism.

Abstract: Provided is a defoamer for fermentation which has excellent dispersibility in water and forms neither a precipitate nor oil droplets when the dispersion is heated, and which is highly effective in defoaming fermentation media. This defoamer contains a reaction product obtained by mixing a fat or oil having an iodine value of 40 to 130 with glycerin or like in a molar ratio of from 3/2 to 1/2 to obtain a mixture, causing 4 to 17 mol of propylene oxide to add to 1 mol of the mixture, and then causing 20 to 40 mol of ethylene oxide and 70 to 110 mol of propylene oxide to block-wise add thereto in this order, the reaction product having an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide molar ratio of from 1/4 to 2/5.

Abstract: There is provided a low-cost electronic control unit that is capable of performing its hardware check every start and stop of the electronic control unit. A monitoring and control circuit section that is an integrated circuit element built in the electronic control unit includes a self-test circuit configured with a built-in self-test control block, scan chain circuits and mask circuitry, and performs a self-test using the built-in self-test control block and a partial combination of the scan chain circuits at start of the operation. In the shipment inspection of the integrated circuit element alone, an external test is performed by a checker microprocessor using an entire combination of the scan chain circuits. Thus, the electronic control unit of low-cost configuration is capable of performing a scan test by making use of part of the scan chain circuits designed for the component inspection.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire excellent in resistance to uneven wear, and crack resistance of a groove is provided. A position, on an equator plane, of a tread surface 20 of a tire 2 is represented as a point Pc. A position, at a maximum width, of an axially outer side surface 6a of a sidewall 6 is represented as a point Pe. A position that is a mid-point, in the radial direction, between the point Pc and the point Pe, and that is on the axially outer side surface 6a, is represented as a point Pd. When an internal pressure is enhanced from an Internal pressure that is 0.05 times a normal internal pressure P to the normal internal pressure P, a value Fs of difference in amount of protrusion between an amount of protrusion Dd (mm) at the point Pd and an amount of protrusion De (mm) at the point Pe is calculated according to mathematical expression (1) in which a nominal width is represented as W (mm). The value Fs of difference in amount of protrusion is greater than ?0.4 and less than 0.5.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire whose mounting location on a vehicle is specified and which comprises a belt disposed radially outside the carcass and composed of belt cords laid at an angle of from 15 to 40 degrees with respect to the tire circumferential direction, and a band disposed radially outside the belt and composed of first and second band cords laid at an angle of not more than 5 degrees with respect to the tire circumferential direction. The band comprises an inboard first part composed of the first band cord having a first modulus M1, and an outboard second part composed of the second band cord having a second modulus M2 more than the first modulus M1. The number of laminated plies of the band in the inboard first part is more than the number of laminated plies or a single ply of the band in the outboard second part.

Abstract: A run-flat tire includes a carcass including at least one carcass ply, a belt layer, a pair of side reinforcing rubber layers, a pair of bead apex rubber components. A height of the one bead apex rubber component is greater than a height of the other bead apex rubber component. An inner end height of the one side reinforcing rubber layer is greater than an inner end height of the other side reinforcing rubber layer. In a radial region of the tire where at least the bead apex rubber components and the side reinforcing rubber layers are provided, the tire has a same thickness in the respective sides of the bead portions.

Abstract: Provided is a defoamer for fermentation which has excellent dispersibility in water and forms neither a precipitate nor oil droplets when the dispersion is heated, and which is highly effective in defoaming fermentation media. This defoamer contains a reaction product obtained by mixing a fat or oil having an iodine value of 40 to 130 with glycerin or like in a molar ratio of from 3/2 to 1/2 to obtain a mixture, causing 4 to 17 mol of propylene oxide to add to 1 mol of the mixture, and then causing 20 to 40 mol of ethylene oxide and 70 to 110 mol of propylene oxide to block-wise add thereto in this order, the reaction product having an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide molar ratio of from 1/4 to 2/5.

Abstract: A nm-fiat tire 1 comprises a carcass 6, a pair of side reinforcing rubber layers 9, and a pair of sidewall rubber components 10. At a tire maximum-width position, a first side reinforcing rubber layer 9A disposed in the side of a first bead portion has a thickness B1 greater than a thickness B2 of a second side reinforcing rubber layer disposed in the side of a second bead portion, and a first sidewall rubber component disposed in the side of the first bead portion has a thickness A1 smaller than a thickness A2 of a second sidewall rubber component disposed in the side of the second bead portion.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire has an inboard tire tread edge and an outboard tire tread edge positioned towards the center of a vehicle body and away from the center of the vehicle body, respectively. The tire tread is divided by circumferentially continuously extending main grooves into a center land portion, a pair of middle land portions and a pair of shoulder land portions. In a meridian section of the tire, a center profile of a tread of the center land portion and a middle profile of a tread of each of the middle land portions protrude convexly, radially outwardly from a virtual tread profile defined as smoothly passing through the axial ends of the treads of the center land portion and the middle land portions. The peak of the center profile and the peak of the middle profile are off-centered toward the outboard tire tread edge.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire comprises a tread portion 2 provided with shoulder axial grooves 10 extending from a shoulder main groove 3 to a tread edge Te while inclining to a first-side in the tire circumferential direction. The shoulder axial groove 10 has a first-side groove edge, a second-side groove edge, a first-side groove-sidewall 14 extending radially inward from the first-side groove edge 12, and a second-side groove-sidewall 15 extending radially inward from the second-side groove edge 13. The shoulder axial groove 10 has a part where the inclination angle ? of the first-side groove-sidewall 14 with respect to a normal line passing through the first-side groove edge 12 perpendicularly to the tread surface 2s is more than the inclination angle ? of the second-side groove-sidewall 15 with respect to a normal line passing through the second-side groove edge 13 perpendicularly to the tread surface 2s.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire comprises a tread portion divided by three circumferentially continuously extending main grooves into two crown land portions and two shoulder land portions. The axial width W2 of the shoulder land portion is 1.15 to 2.0 times the axial width W1 of the crown land portion. Crown axial grooves disposed in the crown land portions have a groove width of at most 2 mm and are inclined to the opposite direction to the inclining direction of the radially outermost belt ply cords. Shoulder axial grooves disposed in the shoulder land portions are inclined to the same direction as the inclining direction of the radially outermost belt ply cords. Each of the shoulder axial grooves is not connected to the main groove or alternatively connected to the main groove through a narrow part having a width of 1.2 mm or less.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire comprises a tread portion provided with a radially outermost breaker ply and three main grooves extending in the tire circumferential direction. Crown axial grooves disposed between the main grooves are inclined oppositely to cords of the radially outermost breaker ply, at angles in a range of from 10 to 60 degrees with respect to the tire circumferential direction. The crown axial groove comprises a narrow portion and a resultant wide portion on the axially outside thereof. The crown axial groove is provided in its axially outer end portion with a tie bar provided with a sipe.