Abstract: A copy paper separating method for use in an electrophotographic copying apparatus which forms a latent electrostatic image on a recording member is provided. The method includes the step of depositing fine particles having insulating properties and charged to a polarity opposite of that of the toner image on the surface of the recording member before the copy paper is placed over the recording member, to cause the particles to reduce the electrostatic attraction between the copy paper and the recording member, thereby facilitating separation of the copy paper from said recording member.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a developer removing device for a copying apparatus. An electrostatic latent image is developer by a magnetic brush developing using a developer mix of magnetic carriers of small diameter and insulative non-magnetic toner charged to polarity opposite to one another and in which some of the magnetic carriers are transferred onto the background portion of the latent image. The developer removing device has a structure for removing the magnetic carriers adhering to the background portion at least either by magnetic force or electrostatic force.

Abstract: An improved magnetic brush developing method for use in electrography which employs a dual-component developing material including electrically insulative magnetizable particles and electrically insulative non-magnetizable particles. In the developing method, magnetic attractive force exerted on the magnetizable particles located at the developing position where a magnetic brush of the developing material formed on a developing material support member is in rubbing contact with electrostatic latent images on a recording medium, is made larger than the electric repelling force acting on the magnetizable particles for preventing the magnetizable particles from adhering to the recording medium.

Abstract: A magnetic brush developing apparatus for use in an electrophotographic copying machine for developing an electrostatic image and utilizing a developer which is constituted by non-magnetic particles and magnetic particles. The apparatus includes a rotatable multipole magnetic member within a rotatable developing sleeve for transporting developing material affected by the magnetic member in a direction opposite the direction of rotation of the sleeve, at least one cleaning member for removing part of the developer which is at most only slightly affected by the magnetic member and transported in the direction of rotation of the sleeve, and at least one resilient scraping member for scraping the affected developer from the surface of the sleeve and being sufficiently resilient to allow the slightly affected developer material to pass between the scraping member and the sleeve so as to avoid buildup of the slightly affected developer between the scraping member and the sleeve.

Abstract: A dry process developing method for application to electrophotography which includes the steps of mixing magnetizable toner and electrically insulating non-magnetizable toner in a predetermined ratio to form developing material, and applying said developing material onto an electrical potential pattern or electrostatic latent image formed on a recording medium for developing the latent image into visible toner image. For effecting the foregoing developing method, a developing apparatus is provided with an improved developing material supplying device for efficient developing.

Abstract: A method for installing an electric power plant comprises preparing a plant yard in the form of a shallow pool connected to a water area. The electric power plant is in a package form comprising a floatable base, and is mounted on a submersible barge and towed. Near the plant yard, the package is unloaded and moved into the plant yard when the water is at a high level. Water is then introduced into a ballast tank of the base of the package to cause the package to sink onto the foundation forming the bottom of the pool.

Abstract: An electrographic developing method comprising forming a magnetic brush of a developer composed of at least two components of insulating toner particles and insulating carrier granules, and brushing a surface bearing an electrostatic latent image with the brush to render the latent image visible, the carrier granules having the properties of (1) triboelectrifying the toner particles to a polarity suitable for developing the latent image by coming into frictional contact with the toner particles, (2) being magnetic, (3) having a resistivity of at least 10.sup.12 ohm-cm, and (4) being 5 to 40 .mu.m in size.

Abstract: A developing material for use in a dry developing electrophotography process which comprises an electrically insulating magnetizable toner including at least resin and magnetizable fine particles, and fine particles of resin different from the electrically insulating magnetizable toner in their position on the frictional electrical charging row. The electrically insulating magnetizable toner and fine particles of resin are mixed in a predetermined rate to form the developing material of the invention.

Abstract: A dry process developing method which comprises:(a) preparing main particles comprising a highly insulating resin and magnetizable fine particles, with part of the magnetizable fine particles being exposed through the surfaces of the main particles,(b) preparing subordinate particles having a diameter smaller than that of the main particles and comprising a resin having frictional charging characteristics approximately equal to that of the resin constituting the main particles,(c) admixing said main and subordinate particles to form a developing material wherein said subordinate particles adhere to the portion of magnetic particles exposed through the surface of the main particles; and(d) applying the developing material onto an electrical potential pattern formed on a recording medium for developing the electrical potential pattern into a visible image.

Abstract: An electrophotographic copying method is carried out by the use of a developing material consisting of a magnetic toner of a volume resistivity within the range of 10.sup.10 to 10.sup.14 .OMEGA..multidot.cm and a non-magnetic and electrically insulating toner. During the development of an electrostatic latent image on a photoconductive support member into a toner image by means of a magnetic brush developing process, particles of both of the magnetic and non-magnetic toners are caused to deposit on an image area of the electrostatic latent image and particles of only the magnetic toner are caused to deposit on a non-image area of the electrostatic latent image. The toner image so developed is subsequently transferred from the photoconductive support member to a sheet of final support material and then fixed.

Abstract: A dry process developing apparatus for use in an electrophotographic copying machine which includes a developing non-magnetizable sleeve and a multipolar magnet member arranged to be rotated in the same direction at different speeds, the speed of rotation of the developing sleeve causing movement of those particles of the developing material which at the most are only slightly affected by the multipolar magnet member in the direction of rotation of the sleeve, and the speed of rotation of the multipolar magnet causing the movement of particles of developing material affected by the magnet around the sleeve in a direction of rotation opposite that of the magnet and at a speed greater than the speed of the developing sleeve. Scraping members are provided for sliding contact with the peripheral surface of the developing sleeve in the directions against and following the direction of rotation of the developing sleeve.

Abstract: An electronic photograph photosensitive plate composed of a high resistant semiconductor layer placed on a conductive base plate and forming a high commutating barrier to check electric charge against coming in from said base plate side, a thin layer consisting of a panchromatic photoconductor in low resistance and high sensitivity placed on said layer to absorb light rays and generate charge carriers, and a transparent high resistant semiconductor layer placed further thereon to hold electric charge and serve as a passage for charge carriers generated.

Abstract: An electrophotographic process including the step of pre-exposing the surface of a photosensitive member to light at an exposure of no less than 10.sup.3 lx-sec, followed by the uniform charging of the same. The photosensitivity of this type photosensitive member in an image exposing step varies according to its prior history. This process further includes the step of exposing an image by projecting an optical image, corresponding to an original image, onto the photosensitive member thus charged for forming a clear electrostatic latent image, corresponding to the original image, on the surface of the photosensitive member.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic process in which a photosensitive member such as CdS.nCdCO.sub.3 -resin photosensitive member having peculiar hysteresis characteristics is sequentially subjected to pre-charging step, hysteresis charging step, hysteresis exposure step, charging step and image-wise light exposure step, the adjustment of photosensitivity of the photosensitive member by variation of the amount of light in the hysteresis exposure step results in an improvement in image formation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solid thermoplastic acrylic copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of 4,000 to 30,000 for the use as a material for powder paint capable of forming a smooth surface which is produced by copolymerizing, preferably in a suspension copolymerization method, comprising(1) 3 to 30% by weight of at least one comonomer of the formula (I'): ##STR1## (2) 1 to 50% by weight of at least one comonomer selected from the compounds of the formulae (II') and (III'): ##STR2## and (3) 20 to 96% by weight of at least one comonomer of the formula (IV'): ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.1a and R.sub.1b are respectively a hydrogen atom or methyl group, R.sub.2 is an alkyl group of C.sub.1-8 or a cycloalkyl group of C.sub.6-8, R.sub.3 is an alkylene group of C.sub.2-6, R.sub.4 is an aliphatic group of C.sub.2-12 optionally containing a carboxyl group or an aromatic group of C.sub.6-12 optionally containing a carboxyl group, R.sub.5 is an aliphatic group of C.sub.

Abstract: An electrophotographic copying apparatus which is equipped with an improved arrangement for removing jammed copy paper. The apparatus is provided with a photoreceptor and a developing device combined into one unit which can be withdrawn to provide sufficient space for removing jammed copy paper, and is also provided with copy paper transporting members, a corona charger, a transfer charger, a copy paper separating claw etc. which can be moved away from a transfer section in one operation for facilitating access to the jammed copy paper in an efficient manner in the case of copy paper jamming. The transfer charger is covered when it is moved away from the transfer section to protect it from possible damage.

Abstract: A cylinder head including a tubular port liner made of a heat resistant metal, with an annular space interposed between the liner and the wall of a cavity in the cylinder head, whereby the heat to be transmitted from exhaust gases to the cylinder head is insulated by the annular space defined between the port liner and the wall of a cavity in the cylinder head. This tubular port liner is secured or embedded into the cylinder head itself at its one end on the side of a combustion chamber according to the so-called "insert" casting technique and flared at the other end on the side of an exhaust pipe so as to provide an intimate contact between the wall of a cavity in the cylinder head and the liner. The tubular port liner is formed on its lower part with a built-up, beaded portion which is fitted in a corresponding concave portion in the wall of the cavity in the cylinder head for preventing shifting of the liner due to thermal expansion or contraction.

Abstract: The heat and pressure rolls of a fusing apparatus for an electrophotographic copying machine are shifted into pressure contact with one another while a support sheet bearing a toner powder image passes therebetween, and are separated while the sheet is not therebetween. A driving mechanism drives both rolls when not in contact, while one of the rolls drives the other while in pressure contact. A shifting mechanism is actuated by a sheet detector for shifting the rolls into and out of contact.In another embodiment, the rolls are in light rolling contact, with no sheet passing therebetween, under the weight of one of the rolls idly mounted in place. A pressing mechanism presses the rolls into pressure contact, upon actuation by a sheet detector, while the sheet passes between the rolls.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic copying machine having a transparent support for support thereon the original to be copied, an illumination device for illuminating the original on the transparent support and a photoreceptor surface adapted to be driven past charging, exposure, developing, transfer and cleaning stations, a discharging device for extinguishing unnecessary electrostatic charge on the photoreceptor surface which is formed at an area between each two adjacent areas to be optically exposed to the incoming light, which discharging device has at least one light guide having one end situated adjacent an intercepting mechanism and the other end situated in the vicinity of the photoreceptor surface. The intercepting mechanism is brought into operation to intercept passage of discharging light towards the photoreceptor surface.

Abstract: Devices for controlling the heating of fuser roll apparatus are disclosed. In fuser roll apparatus a toner powder image is heated under pressure on a supporting sheet to be fixed thereon. The apparatus comprises a plurality of heaters for heating a fuser roll; and a plurality of surface temperature detecting elements for detecting the surface temperature of the fuser roll, the power to the respective heaters being independently controlled according to detecting signals from the respective surface temperature detecting elements.