Abstract: A process for aminating hydrocarbons with ammonia, wherein the N2 content in the mixture at the reactor exit is less than 0.1% by volume based on the total volume of the mixture at the reactor exit.

Abstract: A reactor (1) for reacting a fluid feed stream (2) with a fluid oxidant stream (3) in the presence of a solid catalyst (4) in two or more stages over two or more fixed catalyst beds (5) which are arranged horizontally, parallel to the longitudinal axis of a cylindrical reactor wall (6) in the interior space thereof, with caps (7) being installed in a detachable fashion at the ends of the reactor wall (6), with the fluid feed stream (2) flowing through the reactor (1) from the top downward, wherein the two or more fixed catalyst beds (5) are each formed by a plurality of modules, comprising in each case a cuboidal frame (8) which extends over the entire height of the fixed catalyst bed and in which one or more lower screens (9) and an upper screen (10) are installed and the solid catalyst (4) is present between the one or more lower screens (9) and the upper screen (10), all modules of a fixed catalyst bed (5) are enclosed in a cuboidal outer frame (11) which is arranged horizontally in the reactor (1) and

Abstract: A process for preparing alkanols (I) selected from the group consisting of isopropanol and 2-butanol from the corresponding alkanes (II) selected from the group consisting of propane and n-butane, comprising the steps of: A) providing a starting gas stream a comprising the alkane (II); B) feeding the starting gas stream a comprising the alkane (II) into a dehydrogenation zone and subjecting the alkane (II) to a dehydrogenation to the alkene (III) to obtain a product gas stream b comprising the alkene (III) and unconverted alkane (II), with or without high boilers, steam, hydrogen and low boilers; C) at least compressing product gas stream b, optionally separating product gas stream b into an aqueous phase c1, a phase c2 comprising the alkene (III) and the alkane (II), with or without high boilers, and a gas phase c3 comprising hydrogen and low boilers; D) reacting product gas stream b or the phase c2 comprising alkene (III) and alkane (II) with an organic acid (IV) in an esterification zone to obtain a produ

Abstract: A process for aminating hydrocarbons with ammonia in the presence of catalyst (i) which catalyzes the amination, which comprises supplying oxidizing agent to the reaction mixture and reacting the oxidizing agent with hydrogen which is formed in the amination in the presence of a catalyst (ii) which catalyzes this reaction with hydrogen.

Abstract: A method is proposed for providing an oxygen-containing gas stream for the endothermic reaction of an initial stream comprising one or more hydrocarbons, having a predetermined oxygen concentration and a predetermined temperature, wherein a fluid fuel stream is combusted with a primary air stream at ? values of the primary air stream to the fluid fuel stream of from 0.6 to 1.2 to obtain a combustion gas stream, and a secondary air stream is admixed to the combustion gas stream to obtain the oxygen-containing gas stream for the endothermic reaction, with the predetermined oxygen concentration and the predetermined temperature of the oxygen-containing gas stream being adjusted via the flow rate and the temperature of the secondary air stream.

Abstract: A process for preparing alkanols (I) selected from the group consisting of isopropanol and 2-butanol from the corresponding alkanes (II) selected from the group consisting of propane and n-butane, comprising the steps of: A) providing a starting gas stream a comprising the alkane (II); B) feeding the starting gas stream a comprising the alkane (II) into a dehydrogenation zone and subjecting the alkane (II) to a dehydrogenation to the alkene (III) to obtain a product gas stream b comprising the alkene (III) and unconverted alkane (II), with or without high boilers, steam, hydrogen and low boilers; C) at least compressing product gas stream b, optionally separating product gas stream b into an aqueous phase c1, a phase c2 comprising the alkene (III) and the alkane (II), with or without high boilers, and a gas phase c3 comprising hydrogen and low boilers; D) reacting product gas stream b or the phase c2 comprising alkene (III) and alkane (II) with an organic acid (IV) in an esterification zone to obtain a produ

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing hydroformylation products of olefins having at least four carbon atoms, in which a high proportion of both the linear Ci-olefins having a terminal double bond comprised in the olefin-comprising feed used and of the linear Ci-olefins having an internal double bond is converted into hydroformylation products. Furthermore, the invention relates to a process for preparing 2-propylheptanol which comprises such a hydroformylation process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for preparing propene from propane, comprising the steps: A) a feed gas stream a comprising propane is provided; B) the feed gas stream a comprising propane, if appropriate steam and if appropriate and an oxygenous gas stream are fed into a dehydrogenation zone and propane is subjected to a dehydrogenation to propene to obtain a product gas stream b comprising propane, propene, methane, ethane, ethene, hydrogen, if appropriate carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, steam and oxygen; C) the product gas stream b is cooled, if appropriate compressed and steam is removed by condensation to obtain a steam-depleted product gas stream c; D) the product gas stream c is contacted with a selective adsorbent which adsorbs propene selectively under the selected adsorption conditions to obtain a propene-laden adsorbent and a propene-depleted gas stream d2 comprising propane, methane, ethane, ethene and hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; E) a propene-comprising gas stream e1

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing propene from propane, comprising the steps: A) a feed gas stream a comprising propane is provided; B) the feed gas stream a comprising propane and an oxygenous gas stream are fed into a dehydrogenation zone and propane is subjected to a nonoxidative catalytic, autothermal dehydrogenation to propene to obtain a product gas stream b comprising propane, propene, methane, ethane, ethene, C4+ hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, steam and hydrogen, C) the product gas stream b is cooled and steam is removed by condensation to obtain a steam-depleted product gas stream c, D) carbon dioxide is removed by gas scrubbing to obtain a carbon dioxide-depleted product gas stream d, E) the product gas stream d is cooled and a liquid hydrocarbon stream e1 comprising propane, propene, methane, ethane, ethene and C4+ hydrocarbons is removed by condensation to leave a residual gas stream e2 comprising methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide, F) the liquid hydrocarbon stre

Abstract: A process for aminating hydrocarbons comprises physically removing hydrogen from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A process for preparing butadiene, comprising nonoxidatively dehydrogenating n-butane from a stream (a) in a first dehydrogenation zone to obtain stream (b) comprising 1-butene, 2-butene, and butadiene; oxidatively dehydrogenating the 1-butene and 2-butene of (b) in the presence of an oxygenous gas in a second dehydrogenation zone to obtain stream (c) comprising n-butane, butadiene, hydrogen, and steam; compressing and cooling (c) to obtain stream (d2) comprising n-butane, butadiene, hydrogen, and steam; extractively distilling (d2) into stream (e1) comprising butadiene and stream (e2) comprising n-butane, hydrogen, and steam; optionally compressing and cooling (e2) to obtain stream (f1) comprising n-butane and water and stream (f2) comprising n-butane and hydrogen and optionally recycling (f1) into the first dehydrogenation zone; separating (f2) into stream (g1) comprising n-butane and stream (g2) comprising hydrogen by contacting (f2) with a high boiling absorbent and subsequently desorbing the gas constitu

Abstract: The disclosure involves a process for preparing butadiene from n-butane. In the process, n-butane is first dehydrogenated autothermally under nonoxidative conditions to form a gas stream. The gas stream is then oxidatively dehydrogenated to form a second gas stream. From the second gas stream, a third gas stream containing n-butane, 2-butene and butadiene is obtained. From the third gas stream, a butadiene/butaine product stream is obtained and remaining n-butane and 2-butene is recycled into the first dehydrogenation zone.

Abstract: The disclosure involves a process for the preparation of butadiene and 1-butene. The process includes at least a first catalytic dehydrogenation of n-butane to obtain a gas stream which is followed by at least a second oxidative dehydrogenation to form a second gas stream. The second gas stream is then subjected to distillation and isomeration steps to obtain butadiene and 1-butene.

Abstract: A process for aminating hydrocarbons with ammonia, wherein the N2 content in the mixture at the reactor exit is less than 0.1 % by volume based on the total volume of the mixture at the reactor exit.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for preparing butadiene. The process involves nonoxidatively catalytically dehydrogenating butane to obtain a product gas stream containing butane, 1-butene, 2-butene, butadiene, hydrogen and secondary constituents. The 1-butene and 2-butene of the product gas stream is then oxidatively dehydrogenated to give a second gas stream containing butane,2-butene, butadiene, hydrogen, steam and secondary constituents. Next, the butane,2-butene and butadiene are separated from the second gas stream and the butane and 2-butene are then separated from the butadiene product. The butane and 2-butene are then recycled into the nonoxidative catalytic dehydrogenating zone.

Abstract: A process for aminating hydrocarbons with ammonia in the presence of catalyst (i) which catalyzes the amination, which comprises supplying oxidizing agent to the reaction mixture and reacting the oxidizing agent with hydrogen which is formed in the amination in the presence of a catalyst (ii) which catalyzes this reaction with hydrogen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing an aromatic hydrocarbon from a C1-C4-alkane, or a mixture of C1-C4-alkanes, which comprises a) bringing a feedstock stream A which comprises a C1-C4-alkane, or a mixture of C1-C4-alkanes, into contact with a catalyst and reacting a part of the C1-C4-alkane, or a part of the mixture of the C1-C4-alkanes, to form aromatic hydrocarbon(s); b) fractionating the product stream B resulting from step a) into a low-boiler stream C which comprises the majority of the hydrogen and of the unreacted C1-C4-alkane, or of the mixture of C1-C4-alkanes, and a high-boiler stream D, or a plurality of high-boiler streams D?, which stream or streams comprises or comprise the majority of the aromatic hydrocarbon formed; and c) feeding the low-boiler stream C to a further C1-C4-alkane-consuming method, if appropriate the hydrogen present in the low-boiler stream C being separated off in advance.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for hydrogenating streams in plants for producing alkenes by catalytic dehydrogenation of light alkanes, and also an apparatus for carrying out the process. The entire hydrocarbon stream to the dehydrogenation reactor, consisting of fresh and recycled alkane, is subjected upstream of the dehydrogenation reactor to a full hydrogenation of all unsaturated hydrocarbons present therein. This drastically reduces coke formation in the dehydrogenation reactor. The energy demand for the preheating of the reactant stream to reaction temperature is reduced since the energy released in the exothermic hydrogenation remains virtually fully in the hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing propene from propane, comprising the steps: A) a feed gas stream a comprising propane is provided; B) the feed gas stream a comprising propane, if appropriate steam and if appropriate and an oxygenous gas stream are fed into a dehydrogenation zone and propane is subjected to a dehydrogenation to propene to obtain a product gas stream b comprising propane, propene, methane, ethane, ethene, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, steam, if appropriate hydrogen and if appropriate oxygen; C) the product gas stream b is cooled, if appropriate compressed and steam is removed by condensation to obtain a steam-depleted product gas stream c; D) uncondensable or low-boiling gas constituents are removed by contacting the product gas stream c with an inert absorbent and subsequently desorbing the gases dissolved in the inert absorbent to obtain a C3 hydrocarbon stream d1 and an offgas stream d2 comprising methane, ethane, ethene, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxid

Abstract: A process for preparing butadiene, comprising nonoxidatively dehydrogenating n-butane from a stream (a) in a first dehydrogenation zone to obtain stream (b) comprising 1-butene and 2-butene; oxidatively dehydrogenating the 1-butene and 2-butene of (b) in the presence of an oxygenous gas in a second dehydrogenation zone to obtain stream (c) comprising n-butane, butadiene, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and steam; compressing and cooling (c) to obtain stream (d2) comprising n-butane, butadiene, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and steam; extractively distilling (d2) into stream (e1) comprising butadiene and stream (e2) comprising n-butane, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and steam; compressing and cooling (e2) to obtain stream (f1) comprising n-butane and water and stream (f2) comprising n-butane, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide; cooling (f2) to obtain stream (g1) comprising n-butane and stream (g2) comprising carbon dioxide and hydrogen; phase separating water from (f1) to obtain stream (h1) comprising n-butane; and recycling (h1)