Abstract: It is an object to provide an epitaxial silicon wafer that is provided with an excellent gettering ability in which a polysilicon layer is formed on the rear face side of a silicon crystal substrate into which phosphorus (P) and germanium (Ge) have been doped. A silicon epitaxial layer is grown by a CVD method on the surface of a silicon crystal substrate into which phosphorus and germanium have been doped at a high concentration. After that, a PBS forming step for growing a polysilicon layer is executed on the rear face side of a silicon crystal substrate. By the above steps, the number of LPDs (caused by an SF) that occur on the surface of the epitaxial silicon wafer due to the SF can be greatly reduced.

Abstract: It is an object to provide an epitaxial silicon wafer that is provided with an excellent gettering ability in which a polysilicon layer is formed on the rear face side of a silicon crystal substrate into which phosphorus (P) and germanium (Ge) have been doped. A PBS forming step for growing a polysilicon layer is executed on the rear face side of a silicon crystal substrate into which phosphorus and germanium have been doped at a high concentration to execute a baking treatment. After a surface layer of the silicon crystal substrate is then polished up to a predetermined amount, a silicon epitaxial layer is grown by a CVD method. By the above steps, the number of LPDs (caused by an SF) that occur on the surface of the epitaxial silicon wafer due to the SF can be greatly reduced.

Abstract: Compounds are disclosed that have a formula represented by the following: The compounds may be prepared as pharmaceutical compositions, and may be used for the prevention and treatment of a variety of conditions in mammals including humans, including by way of non-limiting example, pain, inflammation, traumatic injury, and others.

Abstract: This invention provides a compound of the formula (I): And their use for the treatment of disease conditions caused by overactivation of the VR1 receptor such as pain, or the like in mammal. This invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the above compound.

Abstract: Compounds are disclosed that have a formula represented by the following: The compounds may be prepared as pharmaceutical compositions, and may be used for the prevention and treatment of a variety of conditions in mammals including humans, including by way of non-limiting example, pain, inflammation, traumatic injury, and others.

Abstract: This invention provides a compound of the formula (I): And their use for the treatment of disease conditions caused by overactivation of the VR1 receptor such as pain, or the like in mammal. This invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the above compound.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods for amplifying nucleic acids and methods for detecting the amplified nucleic acid products. Nucleic acid amplification and detection can occur in solution or on a solid support.

Abstract: A digital audio signal demodulation circuit comprises a synchronous detection circuit (18) and a muting circuit (17) for muting the output from an interpolation circuit (16) using a synchronization lock signal generated from the synchronous detection circuit (18) when synchronization has been lost. The differential signal output from the interpolation circuit (16) is muted by the muting circuit (17) and thereafter integrated by an integration circuit (19). Thus, an audio signal with high sound quality can be demodulated without producing interruption noise even when synchronization has been lost or forcible muting is done.

Abstract: An audio signal demodulating circuit comprises a counter circuit (11) for detecting the number of samples for which interpolation is to be successively made by counting the output from an error correction circuit (2) and an AND circuit 10 for taking the logical product of the output from the counter circuit and the mute signal generated when synchronization has been lost. If interpolation is to be successively made for m (integer) or more, an audio differential signal is muted using a mute signal so as to remove the signal with greatly deteriorated audio quality. This can remove large audio distortion generated if interpolation is only successively made for error correction when errors successively occur for samples.

Abstract: In an audio signal demodulating circuit, an externally supplied reference clock signal is frequency-divided so that the frequency-divided clock signals are supplied to circuit units constituting the audio signal demodulating circuit as clock signals having lower frequencies. A logic circuit is provided to respond to a timing pulse generated synchronously with a video signal so as to set input data or clock signals supplied to the aforementioned circuit units to a low level or a high level during a time period other than the time period of an audio signal, whereby electric power consumption in the audio signal demodulating circuit is markedly reduced.

Abstract: An automatic gain control system for controlling a gain of an A/D converter automatically by controlling reference voltages of said A/D converter at the time of analog-to-digital conversion of a signal which signal being clamped by a clamp circuit to a clamp level which is set to a center level before entering said A/D converter, comprising a clamp level control circuit for detecting the clamp level from an output of said A/D converter to control the clamp level; a first A/D converter for digital-to-analog converting an output of said clamp level control circuit; an automatic clamp level control system.

Abstract: A spindle device has pre-loaded anti-friction bearings which are so lubricated with oil jet accelerated through jet nozzles facing thereto that very high speed rotation with lower levelled vibration is permitted for the spindle.The spindle assembly has a rear bearing holder longitudinally slidable in the housing for pre-loading and cooling oil flows in the bearing holder. The spindle assembly further has a high frequency electric motor therein and is sealed up against dust penetration from outside.Air or oil vapor is prevented from staying in the sealed spindle assembly by a gas outlet which is provided in the assembly. Jetted oil toward the bearings and bearing holder cooling oil are recollected through a suction pump into a reservoir, and are fed by a pressurizing pump from the reservoir to the spindle assembly. Oil is there cooled by a cooling device.The circulating oil temperature and oil amount are detected by sensors to be observed.