Abstract: A birefringent plate includes a transparent glass substrate, an antireflection coating formed on one of the surfaces of the glass substrate, an obliquely deposited film formed on the other one of the surfaces of the glass substrate by obliquely deposition of a dielectric material with respect to the normal of the glass substrate, and a protective film formed on the obliquely deposited film for holding the occluded water of the obliquely deposited film within the obliquely deposited film and reducing the light interference between the opposite surface of the glass substrate and the surface of the obliquely deposited film. The antireflection coating and the protective film inhibit the phase difference from fluctuating at different measurement positions when the phase difference is measured by using a light source, such as a laser beam. In addition, the protective film makes the birefringent plate less dependent on the temperature.

Abstract: A process for producing a pizza crust, comprising the steps of: fitting uncooked dough into a base template, placing a first cover template thereover, pressing down the first cover template and removing the first cover template, to thereby form a base layer; and supplying uncooked dough over the formed base layer, placing a second cover template thereover, pressing down the second cover template and removing the second cover template, to thereby prepare a top layer; and a pizza crust produced thereby.

Abstract: A heat wave shielding lamination having improved abrasion resistance is composed of a visible light transparent substrate and an overlying composite lamination in which layers of a visible light transparent substance of a low refractive index and layers of a visible light transparent substance of a high refractive index are alternately arranged on each other, with the topmost layer being a low-refractance layer, and interfacial layers of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 which are much thinner than the high-refractance and low-refractance layers are provided between the high-refractance and low-refractance layers.