Abstract: Provided is a thin printed circuit board (PCB) for manufacturing a chip scale package (CSP). The thin printed circuit board includes a plurality of unit printed circuit boards, each of which is comprised of a circuit pattern, to which a semiconductor chip is adhered, and a substrate surrounding the circuit pattern. The unit printed boards are arranged in a row and includes a support molding, which is spaced a predetermined interval apart from the circuit pattern of each unit printed circuit board on the substrate of each unit printed circuit board and formed in a ring shape along the edge of the thin printed circuit board.

Abstract: A backlight assembly and a method of assembling the backlight assembly that includes a plurality of lamps having first and second electrodes, a receiving container and a lamp ground member. The receiving container has a bottom plate over which the lamps are disposed, and a side wall extending from the bottom plate to form a receiving space. The lamp ground member includes a ground plate grounded to the bottom plate, and a plurality of electrode ground portions protruded from the ground plate and making contact with the first electrode thereby eliminating the need for a separate part for grounding the first electrode of the lamp and permitting easier assembly of the backlight assembly.

Abstract: A non-volatile semiconductor memory device comprises first and second sub-memory arrays and a strapping line disposed between the first and second sub-memory arrays. A programming operation of the first sub-memory array is performed by simultaneously applying a programming voltage to odd and even bit lines connected to memory cells within the first sub-memory array.

Abstract: Provided are a method of generating a node identifier including padding information and location information, in a tree structure, a computer-readable storage medium storing a program for executing a method of generating a node identifier in a tree structure, and a terminal apparatus using the tree structure. The location information is generated by using branch identifiers, each of the branch identifiers being allocated for each branch from a root node to a target node. The padding information is generated by a padding code, which includes information about a group of the target node, and depth information, which includes information about a level of the target node in the tree structure.

Abstract: Disclosed are a battery module of which positive and negative electrodes can be readily discriminated from each other in a short time and a manufacturing process can be simplified, and a battery module using the same. A rechargeable battery includes: an electrode assembly including positive and negative electrodes, and a separator interposed between the positive and negative electrodes; a casing having an opened top face to store the electrode assembly; a cap assembly installed in an upper portion of the casing; an upper connection cap which has a female member and is fixed to the cap assembly; and a lower connection cap which has a male member and is fixed to a lower portion of the casing. The female member may be clinched to the upper connection cap, and the male member may be clinched to the lower connection cap.

Abstract: Provided are a perpendicular magnetic recording medium having an underlayer between a substrate and a recording layer and a method of manufacturing the perpendicular magnetic recording medium. The method of manufacturing a perpendicular magnetic recording medium includes forming the underlayer of a plural-layer structure by at least 2 step processes under different deposition conditions. When using the underlayer formed by a 2-step manufacturing method, superior crystalline and high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy can be secured due to the lower underlayer, and the perpendicular magnetic recording layer having a high perpendicular coercivity and a small magnetic domain can be formed due to the underlayer beneath the recording layer.

Abstract: A cylinder deactivation system for a vehicle and a variable valve lift system is fabricated with an end pivot structure that can control two valves at the same time. The structure ensures reliability since a latching pin does not receive a shear force and provides an excellent assemblage and a cost reduction by minimizing the number of parts Such a cylinder deactivation system may include a rocker shaft having an oil supply hole, a rocker arm, a middle arm, and a latching portion separating the rocker arm from the middle arm when an oil pressure operates through the oil supply hole.

Abstract: Non-volatile memory devices and methods of programming the non-volatile memory devices use six threshold voltage levels. Data also may be read from the non-volatile memory devices. The non-volatile memory devices include a first non-volatile memory cell and a second non-volatile memory cell, each of which can be programmed with first through sixth threshold voltage levels that sequentially increase. Programming includes first, second and third data bit program operations. In the first and second data bit program operation, the first and second non-volatile memory cells are programmed with the first or second threshold voltage level in order to store first and second bits of data. In the third data bit program operation, the first non-volatile memory cell is programmed with the third or fourth threshold voltage level according to the first and second bits of the data in order to store a third bit of the data. Fourth and fifth data bit program operations also may be provided.

Abstract: A plasma display panel includes a substrate with electrodes. A dielectric layer is disposed over the substrate and covers the electrodes. The dielectric layer includes 10 to 60 mol % of Bi2O3, 5 to 40% of CuO, and 15 to 40 mol % of B2O3.

Abstract: Trench capacitors that have insulating layer collars in undercut regions and methods of fabricating such trench capacitors are provided. Some methods of fabricating a trench capacitor include forming a first layer on a substrate. A second layer is formed on the first layer opposite to the substrate. A mask is formed that has an opening on top of the first and second layers. A first trench is formed by removing a portion of the first and second layers through the opening in the mask. A portion of the first layer under the second layer is removed to form an undercut region under the second layer. An insulating layer collar is formed in the undercut region under the second layer. A second trench is formed that extends from the first trench by removing a portion of the substrate through the opening in the mask. A buried plate is formed in the substrate along the second trench. A dielectric layer is formed on an inner wall and bottom of the second trench.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for calculating an observation probability includes a first operation unit that subtracts a mean of a first plurality of parameters of an input voice signal from a second parameter of an input voice signal, and multiplies the subtraction result to obtain a first output. The first output is squared and accumulated N times in a second operation unit to obtain a second output. A third operation unit subtracts a given weighted value from the second output to obtain a third output, and a comparator stores the third output for a comparator stores the third output in order to extract L outputs therefrom, and stores the L extracted outputs based on an order of magnitude of the extracted L outputs.

Abstract: A jam removing method and printer using toner a save mode includes detecting a paper jam on a printing route, confirming whether a dot count value of a corresponding image exceeds a preset boundary value, and converting a printing mode into the toner save mode when the dot count value exceeds the boundary value. The paper jam by an image density is prevented from repeating, and successive paper jam is prevented from occurring, user's convenience may be enhanced, and the toner may not be wasted.

Abstract: A plasma display panel includes a front glass substrate and a rear glass substrate coupled to each other by a sealing material coated at edges of the front and rear glass substrates, first and second electrodes disposed perpendicular to each other on opposing inner surfaces of the front and rear glass substrates facing each other, a dielectric layer formed on each of the opposing inner surfaces of the front and rear glass substrates to cover the first and second electrodes, partitions formed on an upper surface of the dielectric layer of the rear glass substrate, red, green and blue fluorescent substances coated between the partitions, and a non-light emitting zone filling portion formed by filling a non-light emitting zone existing between the outermost one of the partitions and the sealing material with a material used for one of the partitions.

Abstract: A beam focusing and scanning system using a micromirror array lens (optical system) includes a light source configured to emit light and a micromirror array lens, including at least one micromirror, optically coupled to the light source, configured to reflect the light onto a projection medium (projection plane). The optical system also includes at least one actuating component coupled to the at least one micromirror, configured to move the at least one micromirror to enable the at least one micromirror to focus the light on the projection medium. The advantages of the present invention include high speed variable focusing and scanning, large focal length variation, phase compensation, high reliability and optical efficiency, low power consumption and low cost.

Abstract: A method for driving a display panel including a first electrode, a second electrode and an address electrode crossed with the first and second electrodes to form a discharge cell. The method comprises, during a sustain period, alternately applying a voltage pulse to the first and second electrodes, and floating the first or the second electrode and maintaining it at a first voltage level while the voltage pulse is applied to the other electrode.

Abstract: Provided is a heating cooker which allows a door on a cooking chamber to be opened without direct handling of the door by a user. The heating cooker includes a body having a cooking chamber defined therein, a door hingably mounted to the body to open and close the cooking chamber, a door holder positioned in the body to hold the door and keep the cooking chamber closed by the door, and a hinge part connected between the door and the body to guide rotation of the door such that when the door is released from the door holder, the door is automatically opened.

Abstract: An apparatus, method, and medium for interpolating multiple channels are provided. The apparatus includes a sensing module which detects a plurality of pixels that are adjacent to a predetermined pixel and comprise a to-be-interpolated channel for the predetermined pixel, and an interpolation module which interpolates the to-be-interpolated channel based on the values of the detected pixels.