Abstract: A wet etching system operating method includes providing an etching apparatus having an Nth etching solution, loading Nth batch substrates into the etching apparatus and performing an Nth etching process, discharging some of the Nth etching solution, refilling the etching apparatus with an (N+1)th etching solution supplied from a supply apparatus connected to the etching apparatus, and loading (N+1)th batch substrates into the etching apparatus and performing an (N+1)th etching process, wherein the (N+1)th etching solution has a temperature within or higher than a temperature management range of the (N+1)th etching process, and wherein the (N+1)th etching solution has a concentration within or higher than a concentration management range of the (N+1)th etching solution, N being a positive integer.

Abstract: Patterns in an integrated circuit may be evaluated, and a semiconductor device may be fabricated based on the evaluation. The evaluation may include a extracting and superimposing first patterns corresponding to design patterns of the same shape from input layout data generated based on inspecting the integrated circuit, generating distribution data of the first patterns based on the superimposed first patterns, determining an evaluation contour of the design patterns based on an evaluation condition and the distribution data, and generating output layout data based on replacing the first patterns with second patterns each having the evaluation contour. Weak points in the integrated circuit may be detected based on the output layout data. The fabricating may include selectively incorporating an integrated circuit into a semiconductor device based on a determination that the integrated circuit includes less than a threshold quantity and/or threshold concentration of weak points.

Abstract: An electronic brake system allows the effective braking pressure to be formed in response to occurrence of a minute leak in a hydraulic circuit, whereby the stability and reliability for braking is improved.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a water detector of a double structure with a freeze protection function is disclosed. The water detector includes: an external body including a container-shaped structure which has an empty space formed therein, and includes a side surface portion, an upper portion, and a lower portion; and an internal body which is inserted into an inside of the external body and coupled thereto, the internal body including a container-shaped structure which has an empty space formed therein, and includes a side surface portion, an upper portion, and a lower portion.

Abstract: A display device includes a touch panel; a display panel under the touch panel and displaying an image; a piezoelectric element under the touch panel and including an upper electrode, a lower electrode and a piezoelectric layer; and a rectifying circuit connected to the piezoelectric element.

Abstract: A wet etching system operating method includes providing an etching apparatus having an Nth etching solution, loading Nth batch substrates into the etching apparatus and performing an Nth etching process, discharging some of the Nth etching solution, refilling the etching apparatus with an (N+1)th etching solution supplied from a supply apparatus connected to the etching apparatus, and loading (N+1)th batch substrates into the etching apparatus and performing an (N+1)th etching process, wherein the (N+1)th etching solution has a temperature within or higher than a temperature management range of the (N+1)th etching process, and wherein the (N+1)th etching solution has a concentration within or higher than a concentration management range of the (N+1)th etching solution, N being a positive integer.

Abstract: An electronic brake system allows the effective braking pressure to be formed in response to occurrence of a minute leak in a hydraulic circuit, whereby the stability and reliability for braking is improved.

Abstract: A semiconductor package may include a package substrate, an interposer, a logic chip, at least one memory chip and a heat sink. The interposer may be located over an upper surface of the package substrate. The interposer may be electrically connected with the package substrate. The logic chip may be located over an upper surface of the interposer. The logic chip may be electrically connected with the interposer. The memory chip may be located over an upper surface of the interposer. The memory chip may be electrically connected with the interposer and the logic chip. The heat sink may make thermal contact with the upper surface of the logic chip to dissipate heat in the logic chip.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a brake device for a vehicle, and a main object of the present disclosure is to provide a brake device for a vehicle which can stably perform an electric parking braking cooperative control process for dynamic parking braking in a state in which the brake device enters a backup mode due to an abnormality or a malfunction generated in a device related to an electric booster in a vehicle equipped the electric booster. In order to achieve the above object, a brake device including a fallback valve which is provided on a hydraulic pressure supply line connected to a wheel brake of a wheel on which an electronic parking brake is installed, and which is configured to selectively shut off brake liquid pressure supplied to the wheel brake, and a method for controlling the same are disclosed.

Abstract: Patterns in an integrated circuit may be evaluated, and a semiconductor device may be fabricated based on the evaluation. The evaluation may include a extracting and superimposing first patterns corresponding to design patterns of the same shape from input layout data generated based on inspecting the integrated circuit, generating distribution data of the first patterns based on the superimposed first patterns, determining an evaluation contour of the design patterns based on an evaluation condition and the distribution data, and generating output layout data based on replacing the first patterns with second patterns each having the evaluation contour. Weak points in the integrated circuit may be detected based on the output layout data. The fabricating may include selectively incorporating an integrated circuit into a semiconductor device based on a determination that the integrated circuit includes less than a threshold quantity and/or threshold concentration of weak points.

Abstract: Patterns in an integrated circuit may be evaluated, and a semiconductor device may be fabricated based on the evaluation. The evaluation may include a extracting and superimposing first patterns corresponding to design patterns of the same shape from input layout data generated based on inspecting the integrated circuit, generating distribution data of the first patterns based on the superimposed first patterns, determining an evaluation contour of the design patterns based on an evaluation condition and the distribution data, and generating output layout data based on replacing the first patterns with second patterns each having the evaluation contour. Weak points in the integrated circuit may be detected based on the output layout data. The fabricating may include selectively incorporating an integrated circuit into a semiconductor device based on a determination that the integrated circuit includes less than a threshold quantity and/or threshold concentration of weak points.

Abstract: A system may be configured for controlling an auto vehicle hold (AVH) for a vehicle, which is configured for implementing an AVH function by improving a brake hydraulic circuit, wherein an electronic system for controlling an AVH for a vehicle, in which a pair of AVH valves for implementing an AVH function is additionally formed in a hydraulic brake circuit of an active hydraulic brake (AHB), so that the implementation of the AVH function may be continuously maintained even in a state where an electronic parking brake (EPB) is not mounted.

Abstract: A system may be configured for controlling an auto vehicle hold (AVH) for a vehicle, which is configured for implementing an AVH function by improving a brake hydraulic circuit, wherein an economic system for controlling an AVH for a vehicle, in which a pair of AVH valves for implementing an AVH function is additionally formed in a hydraulic brake circuit of an active hydraulic brake (AHB), so that the implementation of the AVH function may be continuously maintained even in a state where an economical parking brake (EPB) is not mounted.

Abstract: Patterns in an integrated circuit may be evaluated, and a semiconductor device may be fabricated based on the evaluation. The evaluation may include a extracting and superimposing first patterns corresponding to design patterns of the same shape from input layout data generated based on inspecting the integrated circuit, generating distribution data of the first patterns based on the superimposed first patterns, determining an evaluation contour of the design patterns based on an evaluation condition and the distribution data, and generating output layout data based on replacing the first patterns with second patterns each having the evaluation contour. Weak points in the integrated circuit may be detected based on the output layout data. The fabricating may include selectively incorporating an integrated circuit into a semiconductor device based on a determination that the integrated circuit includes less than a threshold quantity and/or threshold concentration of weak points.

Abstract: A caliper unit may include a piston configured to linearly reciprocate in a cylinder, a pushrod configured to move along with the piston, an operating ramp configured to linearly move the pushrod in one direction, a high compression spring supported by the cylinder and configured to restore the pushrod to an original position, and a floating ramp interposed between the high compression spring and the operating ramp to transfer elastic force of the high compression spring to the operating ramp.

Abstract: The present disclosure herein relates to methods of forming conductive patterns and to methods of manufacturing semiconductor devices using the same. In some embodiments, a method of forming a conductive pattern includes forming a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer on a substrate. The first conductive layer and the second conductive layer may include a metal nitride and a metal, respectively. The first conductive layer and the second conductive layer may be etched using an etchant composition that includes phosphoric acid, nitric acid, an assistant oxidant and a remainder of water. The etchant composition may have substantially the same etching rate for the metal nitride and the metal.

Abstract: A caliper unit may include a piston configured to linearly reciprocate in a cylinder, a pushrod configured to move along with the piston, an operating ramp configured to linearly move the pushrod in one direction, a high compression spring supported by the cylinder and configured to restore the pushrod to an original position, and a floating ramp interposed between the high compression spring and the operating ramp to transfer elastic force of the high compression spring to the operating ramp.