Abstract: A rod-shaped FRP bar is manufactured with a fiber and a resin by using a nozzle 100 which includes an outer nozzle 11 having a penetration hole at its center and a plurality of middle nozzles 12 disposed at an inlet of the outer nozzle 11 so that one middle nozzle is located inside another middle nozzle with an interval. Fibers are supplied through a center hole of the middle nozzle located at an innermost location, through intervals between the middle nozzles and through intervals between the middle nozzles and the outer nozzle, thereby making a hybrid FRP bar 1 having a section in which the fibers configure a plurality of fiber distribution layers from the center of the FRP bar toward the outside.

Abstract: The present disclosure herein relates to methods of forming conductive patterns and to methods of manufacturing semiconductor devices using the same. In some embodiments, a method of forming a conductive pattern includes forming a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer on a substrate. The first conductive layer and the second conductive layer may include a metal nitride and a metal, respectively. The first conductive layer and the second conductive layer may be etched using an etchant composition that includes phosphoric acid, nitric acid, an assistant oxidant and a remainder of water. The etchant composition may have substantially the same etching rate for the metal nitride and the metal.

Abstract: A rod-shaped FRP bar is manufactured with a fiber and a resin by using a nozzle 100 which includes an outer nozzle 11 having a penetration hole at its center and a plurality of middle nozzles 12 disposed at an inlet of the outer nozzle 11 so that one middle nozzle is located inside another middle nozzle with an interval. Fibers are supplied through a center hole of the middle nozzle located at an innermost location, through intervals between the middle nozzles and through intervals between the middle nozzles and the outer nozzle, thereby making a hybrid FRP bar 1 having a section in which the fibers configure a plurality of fiber distribution layers from the center of the FRP bar toward the outside.

Abstract: The present invention provides a position sensorless control method of a high performance permanent magnet synchronous motor during emergency operation, which can accurately detect a magnetic pole position of the synchronous motor based on a position sensorless vector control using an adaptive observer configured based on a permanent magnet synchronous motor model.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of tuning a glass antenna that is capable of analyzing the sensitivity of each point, and forming a structure of a glass antenna by making use of a common simulation tool so as to perform tuning depending on a priority that is determined by data obtained by analyzing the sensitivity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a position sensorless control method of a high performance permanent magnet synchronous motor during emergency operation, which can accurately detect a magnetic pole position of the synchronous motor based on a position sensorless vector control using an adaptive observer configured based on a permanent magnet synchronous motor model.

Abstract: A plasma display apparatus comprises a scan electrode and a sustain electrode; a data electrode for intersecting the scan electrode and the sustain electrode; and a pulse controller for controlling to apply a pulse having an opposite phase to the scan electrode and the sustain electrode during a reset period and apply a negative sustain pulse to the scan electrode and the sustain electrode during a sustain period, wherein a distance between the scan electrode and the sustain electrode is longer than that between the sustain electrode and the data electrode. Therefore, a surface discharge mode can be used even when applying negative pulses to the sustain electrode in a reset period, and a size and cost of a plasma display apparatus can be reduced by applying a negative pulse of the same magnitude as a sustain voltage without a separate negative voltage source.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of tuning a glass antenna that is capable of analyzing the sensitivity of each point, and forming a structure of a glass antenna by making use of a common simulation tool so as to perform tuning depending on a priority that is determined by data obtained by analyzing the sensitivity.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical disk drive, and more particularly, to a holder for disk drives having an improved chuck structure for seating a disk. The holder of the invention, in use, is inserted into a central opening of a disk for detachably seating the disk, and comprises: a circular hub projected upward and sized equal to the central opening of the disk; a chuck projected from a lateral portion of the hub, wherein the chuck includes a rear portion elastically connected with the hub, a peak formed in a front portion of the chuck and a lower circular face of a curvature extended downward from the peak; and a support formed integral with the hub for contacting the lower circular face of the chuck to enable circular motion of the chuck.

Abstract: A method of driving a plasma display panel is disclosed. The method including a scan electrode, a sustain electrode, and a barrier rib includes applying a scan pulse of a positive polarity to the scan electrode for an address period, and applying a data pulse of a negative polarity corresponding to the scan pulse of the positive polarity to the address electrode for the address period. A gap between the scan electrode and the sustain electrode positioned within a discharge cell partitioned by the barrier rib is more than a height of the barrier rib.

Abstract: A method of driving a plasma display panel is disclosed. According to a negative sustain driving method for a plasma display panel using a negative sustain voltage, the negative sustain voltage and the ground level voltage are alternately applied to each of scan electrode Y and sustain electrode Z in a sustain period, and the negative sustain voltage is first applied to the sustain electrode Z.

Abstract: Disclosed are a plasma display apparatus and a driving method thereof. The plasma display apparatus includes a plasma display panel comprising a plurality of scan electrodes and sustain electrodes, a driver driving the plurality of scan electrodes and sustain electrodes, and a negative sustain pulse controller controlling the driver and adjusting each of an energy supply time and an energy recovery time of a negative sustain pulse supplied to one or more of the scan electrodes or sustain electrodes during a sustain period.

Abstract: A plasma display apparatus comprises a scan electrode and a sustain electrode; a data electrode for intersecting the scan electrode and the sustain electrode; and a pulse controller for controlling to apply a pulse having an opposite phase to the scan electrode and the sustain electrode during a reset period and apply a negative sustain pulse to the scan electrode and the sustain electrode during a sustain period, wherein a distance between the scan electrode and the sustain electrode is longer than that between the sustain electrode and the data electrode. Therefore, a surface discharge mode can be used even when applying negative pulses to the sustain electrode in a reset period, and a size and cost of a plasma display apparatus can be reduced by applying a negative pulse of the same magnitude as a sustain voltage without a separate negative voltage source.

Abstract: A spindle motor in an optical disc player includes a motor having a rotation shaft, a turntable rotating together with the rotation shaft and having a track groove having a circular shape, moving members disposed in the track groove to move along the track groove to compensate for an eccentric force, a collision and dispersion inducing unit having a height from the track groove to induce a rebounding phenomenon between the moving members to be spaced-apart from each other when the moving members are arranged in a non-uniform displacement due to a centrifugal force and a friction between the track groove and the moving members.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a spindle motor employed for a disk player. The spindle motor comprises: a deck plate; a shaft rotatably disposed on the deck plate; a stator having a core wound with coils which is disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft and generates a magnetic force; a magnet which is provided at the upper part of the stator and generates a magnetic force; a cap type rotor which is coupled to the upper end of the shaft integrally with the shaft so as to be located at the upper part of the pulling magnet and the stator and is provided on the upper part with a track having a different height from another; a magnet which is disposed on the inner peripheral surface of the rotor so that it can be opposed to the core of the stator with an air gap therebetween; and a turntable which is disposed on the upper surface of the rotor integrally with the rotor and mounts a disk.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical disk drive, and more particularly, to a holder for disk drives having an improved chuck structure for seating a disk. The holder of the invention, in use, is inserted into a central opening of a disk for detachably seating the disk, and comprises: a circular hub projected upward and sized equal to the central opening of the disk; a chuck projected from a lateral portion of the hub, wherein the chuck includes a rear portion elastically connected with the hub, a peak formed in a front portion of the chuck and a lower circular face of a curvature extended downward from the peak; and a support formed integral with the hub for contacting the lower circular face of the chuck to enable circular motion of the chuck.

Abstract: Disclosed is a spindle motor adopted to a disk player. The spindle motor includes: a deck plate; a pivot mounted on the deck plate, for being rotatable; a rotor of a cap shape, joined to an outer peripheral surface of an upper side of the pivot and having tracks formed in different heights on an upper portion, and on an inner peripheral surface of which a magnet is mounted; a pulling magnet provided to a lower portion of the rotor, for generating attractive force pulling the rotor to the lower portion; a stator including a metal bearing positioned on a lower portion of the rotor and mounted on an outer peripheral surface of the pivot, a holder provided to an outer peripheral surface of the metal bearing, and a core wired by a coil provided to an outer peripheral surface of the holder; and a turntable including a disk chuck fixed on an upper surface of the rotor, for centering and settling a disk, and a jaw installed on the disk chuck, for fixing a settled disk.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a spindle motor employed for a disk player. The spindle motor comprises: a deck plate; a shaft rotatably disposed on the deck plate; a stator having a core wound with coils which is disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft and generates a magnetic force; a magnet which is provided at the upper part of the stator and generates a magnetic force; a cap type rotor which is coupled to the upper end of the shaft integrally with the shaft so as to be located at the upper part of the pulling magnet and the stator and is provided on the upper part with a track having a different height from another; a magnet which is disposed on the inner peripheral surface of the rotor so that it can be opposed to the core of the stator with an air gap therebetween; and a turntable which is disposed on the upper surface of the rotor integrally with the rotor and mounts a disk.

Abstract: A spindle motor in an optical disc player includes a motor having a rotation shaft, a turntable rotating together with the rotation shaft and having a track groove having a circular shape, moving members disposed in the track groove to move along the track groove to compensate for an eccentric force, a collision and dispersion inducing unit having a height from the track groove to induce a rebounding phenomenon between the moving members to be spaced-apart from each other when the moving members are arranged in a non-uniform displacement due to a centrifugal force and a friction between the track groove and the moving members.

Abstract: A method of forming contact plugs of a semiconductor device is provided. Bit lines are formed over a semiconductor substrate in which a predetermined lower layer is formed and a cell area and a core area are defined. An interlayer dielectric layer is formed over the semiconductor substrate over which the bit lines are formed. The interlayer dielectric layer is wet etched until the interlayer dielectric layer is recessed from the upper surfaces of the bit lines to a predetermined depth. A dielectric layer for forming spacers is formed over the semiconductor substrate, the dielectric layer having a step difference formed due to the wet etching of the interlayer dielectric layer. The dielectric layer in the core area is left and the dielectric layer in the cell area is etched by an anisotropic method to form spacers of the dielectric layer in the cell area. The interlayer dielectric layer is etched using the spacers and the dielectric layer as a mask to form contact holes.