Abstract: Apparatuses and methods of optically analyzing fluid within a pipette are described herein. In an embodiment, an optical reader subassembly includes a pipette having a tip, the pipette configured to aspirate a fluid sample and hold the fluid sample within the tip, a housing including a reentrant seal and an internal area, the housing configured to receive at least the tip of the pipette through the reentrant seal so that the tip of the pipette is located in a light tight manner within the internal area, a light source positioned to be in proximity to the tip of the pipette when the tip of the pipette is received by the housing, the light source configured to project light through the tip of the pipette and onto the fluid sample held within the tip, and an optical sensor configured to take a reading of the fluid sample held within the tip of the pipette without any of the fluid sample being injected from the pipette.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a semiconductor device includes forming a first preliminary gate barrier layer and a first preliminary gate electrode recessed to have a first depth from the surface of the substrate within a gate trench, removing an upper portion of the first preliminary gate electrode by means of a first wet etching process using a first etchant to form a second preliminary gate electrode recessed to have a second depth greater than the first depth, and removing an upper portion of the first preliminary gate barrier layer and an upper portion of the second preliminary gate electrode by means of a second wet etching process using a second etchant to form a gate electrode and a gate barrier layer recessed to a third depth greater than the second depth.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions for use in inducing tumor-specific antibody mediated complement-dependent cytotoxic response in an animal having a tumor comprising administering to said animal a composition comprising a replication competent oncolytic virus wherein administration of the composition induces in the animal production of antibodies that mediate a CDC response specific to said tumor.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and a method of controlling a display apparatus. The method includes presenting a stimulus to a user by using information regarding a user environment, obtaining, from the user, an electroencephalogram (EEG) signal in response to the stimulus, and controlling the display apparatus based on the EEG signal. By using the apparatus and the method of controlling the display apparatus, an appropriate type of a stimulus may be presented to the user based on the information regarding the user environment. Thus, the user may conveniently operate the display apparatus, and may accurately operate the display apparatus according to an intention of the user.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the luminescence and the fluorescence of a sample, comprising: a light tight optics box capable of receiving a pipette tip containing a sample; an optical sensor located within the optics box and capable of being disposed in both a luminescence reading position and a fluorescence reading position; an excitation light fiber optic bundle and a sample transmission fiber optic bundle; an excitation light assembly that projects excitation light onto a first terminus end of the excitation light fiber optic bundle; and an in-line filter located along the sample transmission fiber optic bundle.

Abstract: A quantitative method for performing an automated diagnostic assay, comprising: incubating a capture reagent with a streptavidin-coated medium to form a solid phase complex; washing the solid phase complex to remove excess capture reagent; incubating the solid phase complex with a serum sample to form an immune complex; washing the immune complex to remove any unbound sample; incubating the immune complex with a conjugate to create an immune-conjugate complex; washing the immune-conjugate complex to remove any unbound conjugate; introducing a substrate capable of generating a quantifiable response; and calibrating the response generated from introducing the substrate.

Abstract: A method for driving a touch panel including driving lines, sensing lines, and node capacitors between neighboring and/or overlapping driving lines and sensing lines is disclosed. The method includes selecting two or more of the driving lines, and simultaneously driving the selected driving lines with driving signals. Each driving signal has three or more voltages of different levels.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer operation state is provided. The physical layer operation state controlling apparatus defines an operation state of a physical layer including a Hardwired Low-MAC (HL-MAC) device in which functions of IEEE 802.15.4 MAC layer are hardwired, and includes a state module for controlling the operation state of the physical layer. The state module includes a Finite State Machine (FSM) for, when receiving an event for the operation state of the physical layer, transiting to a state module corresponding to the event and controlling the operation state of the physical layer; and an interrupt handler for converting an interrupt received from the physical layer to the event corresponding to a register of the state module and sending the event to the FSM. Hence, by means of the state machine for the IEEE 802.15.4 PHY, the IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer operation state can be controlled to optimize the operations of the upper MAC.

Abstract: Fabrics with a multi-layered circuit of high reliability and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The fabrics with the multi-layered circuit include: a base layer; a first conductive pattern which is formed on the base layer; a second conductive pattern which is formed to intersect with the first conductive pattern at least in part; and an insulating pattern which is formed on an intersection portion which is a region where the first conductive pattern and the second conductive pattern intersect.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a semiconductor device includes forming a first preliminary gate barrier layer and a first preliminary gate electrode recessed to have a first depth from the surface of the substrate within a gate trench, removing an upper portion of the first preliminary gate electrode by means of a first wet etching process using a first etchant to form a second preliminary gate electrode recessed to have a second depth greater than the first depth, and removing an upper portion of the first preliminary gate barrier layer and an upper portion of the second preliminary gate electrode by means of a second wet etching process using a second etchant to form a gate electrode and a gate barrier layer recessed to a third depth greater than the second depth.

Abstract: A decoding device is suitable for a context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) technique and allows a real-time decoding of high-definition video. The CABAC decoding device allows a simultaneous performing since determination according to multiple conditions is based on logic circuits when the device is formed in hardware. Additionally, when one macro block starts to be decoded, the device reads and stores information about neighboring macro blocks at a time from a memory. Therefore, the device does not need to access the memory at every operation and this improves the overall decoding speed.

Abstract: A filter tuning circuit for a wireless communication system is provided. A filter tuning circuit includes a comparator and a counter which control a transconvertance value of a differential transconverter to tune a filter.

Abstract: Provided are a method and device for storing video on the basis of a variable bit allocation to variably control a buffer size. Also provided are video encoding and decoding apparatuses using the same. The device divides a video image to be stored into a plurality of first basic blocks, checks pixel values of second basic blocks for each of the divided first basic blocks, and allocates bits to each of the first basic blocks according to a difference between maximum and minimum values of the checked pixel values. Also, the device compresses and stores pixel information about the first basic block in the allocated bits, and then de-compresses the compressed pixel information according to the maximum and minimum values for each of the first basic blocks.

Abstract: A decoding device is suitable for a context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) technique and allows a real-time decoding of high-definition video. The CABAC decoding device allows a simultaneous performing since determination according to multiple conditions is based on logic circuits when the device is formed in hardware. Additionally, when one macro block starts to be decoded, the device reads and stores information about neighboring macro blocks at a time from a memory. Therefore, the device does not need to access the memory at every operation and this improves the overall decoding speed.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer operation state is provided. The physical layer operation state controlling apparatus defines an operation state of a physical layer including a Hardwired Low-MAC (HL-MAC) device in which functions of IEEE 802.15.4 MAC layer are hardwired, and includes a state module for controlling the operation state of the physical layer. The state module includes a Finite State Machine (FSM) for, when receiving an event for the operation state of the physical layer, transiting to a state module corresponding to the event and controlling the operation state of the physical layer; and an interrupt handler for converting an interrupt received from the physical layer to the event corresponding to a register of the state module and sending the event to the FSM. Hence, by means of the state machine for the IEEE 802.15.4 PHY, the IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer operation state can be controlled to optimize the operations of the upper MAC.

Abstract: There is provided a digital MAC apparatus for an IEEE 802.15.4 based communication system, which is implemented in hardware. The digital MAC apparatus having a processor of a Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) communication system and a data bus transferring data includes a frame generating unit generating and outputting a frame on the basis of input data; a frame parsing unit parsing an input frame input through the data bus, and generating and outputting a control signal or transmission and receipt data; and a controller operating at least one of the frame generating unit and the frame parsing unit according to the generated control signal, and communicating the output frame or data with the processor according to the operation.

Abstract: A filter tuning circuit for a wireless communication system is provided. A filter tuning circuit includes a comparator and a counter which control a transconvertance value of a differential transconverter to tune a filter.

Abstract: Provided are a small low power embedded system and a preemption avoidance method thereof. A method for avoiding preemption in a small low power embedded system includes fetching and running a periodic atomic task from a periodic run queue, reducing any one of periodic atomic tasks or performing the change of a task after changing a field of the run periodic atomic task into a run standby state, according to a result value of the run of the periodic atomic task, fetching a sporadic atomic task from a sporadic run queue, and acquiring a system clock, running the fetched sporadic atomic task according to run time in the worst condition, and reducing any one of sporadic atomic tasks or performing the change of an event after a field of the run sporadic atomic task into a run standby state, according to a result value of the run of the sporadic atomic task.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hardwired scheduler for low power wireless device processor and a method for using the same wherein, for a processor used in a sensor node, ubiquitous small node and a wireless communication device which require a low power consumption, a storage of the currently running process and the process to be executed in priority in a list of subsequent processes to be carried out are automatically transmitted to the processor core, and the number of oscillations of the clock generator which operates the processor core is adjusted to be suitable for each process to reduce the power consumed by the processor to be applicable to devices operating on a network which require a low power consumption and small delay time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for providing a multimedia service to a portable device. The multimedia service system of the present invention includes a multimedia source, a hardware transcoder, an interface unit, a storage unit and a portable device. The multimedia source provides multimedia contents including video and/or audio data. The hardware transcoder converts the multimedia contents into contents having a format suitable for a display device of the portable device. The interface unit transmits the contents converted by the transcoder. The storage unit stores therein the contents received through the interface unit. The portable device receives the contents from the storage unit and displays the contents. The transcoder changes at least one of video and/or audio formats, a bandwidth (data rate), a frame rate and a resolution of the contents provided from the multimedia source.