Abstract: In a method of a vertical memory device, insulation layers and sacrificial layers are alternately and repeatedly formed on a substrate. A hole is formed through the insulation layers and the sacrificial layers that expose a top surface of the substrate. Then, an interior portion of the hole may be enlarged. A semiconductor pattern is formed to partially fill the enlarged portion of the hole. A blocking layer, a charge storage layer and a tunnel insulation layer may be formed on a sidewall of the hole and the semiconductor pattern. Then, the tunnel insulation layer, the charge storage layer and the blocking layer are partially removed to expose a top surface of the semiconductor pattern. A channel is formed on the exposed top surface of the semiconductor pattern and the tunnel insulation layer. The sacrificial layers are replaced with gate electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and device for generating an engineering topology of a digital substation. The method may include: generating, by a single line diagram generation module, a single line diagram of the digital substation based on input information regarding a plurality of substation component devices and connection relations therebetween; converting, by a topology conversion module, the single line diagram of the digital substation into an engineering topology conforming to international standards by use of conversion conditions stored in a topology component management module; verifying, by a topology verification module, whether the engineering topology is suitable for the digital substation based on the international standards; and generating, by an international standard file generation module, a single line diagram engineering file of the digital substation as a system specification description (SSS) by use of the verified engineering topology.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing a three-dimensional semiconductor device are provided. The method includes: forming a thin film structure, where first and second material layers of at least 2n (n is an integer more than 2) are alternately and repeatedly stacked, on a substrate; wherein the first material layer applies a stress in a range of about 0.1×109 dyne/cm2 to about 10×109 dyne/cm2 to the substrate and the second material layer applies a stress in a range of about ?0.1×109 dyne/cm2 to about ?10×109 dyne/cm2 to the substrate.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate, a plurality of insulating layers vertically stacked on the substrate, a plurality of channels arranged in vertical openings formed through at least some of the plurality of insulating layers, and a plurality of portions alternatingly positioned with the plurality of insulating layers in the vertical direction. At least some of the portions are adjacent corresponding channels of the plurality of channels. Each of the portions includes a conductive barrier pattern formed on an inner wall of the portion, a filling layer pattern positioned in the portion on the conductive barrier pattern, and a gate electrode positioned in a remaining area of the portion not occupied by the conductive barrier or filling layer pattern.

Abstract: Provided is a cruise control system and method. A vehicle cruise control system collects state information of components inside and outside a vehicle, state information of a road on which the vehicle is provided, and drive pattern information of a driver of the vehicle, analyzes a mileage amount and an exhaust gas emission amount of the vehicle based on the collected state information of the components, the road state information, and the drive pattern information, calculates a cruise control speed based on the analysis result, and controls the vehicle to run at the cruise control speed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method and apparatus for generating multiband Radio Frequency (RF) signals in maritime wireless communication. The apparatus includes a baseband conversion unit, a phase compensation unit, a Direct Current (DC) offset compensation unit, and an RF transmission unit. The baseband conversion unit converts RF signals corresponding to a baseband modulation signal having a negative frequency and a baseband modulation signal having a positive frequency into baseband signals, respectively. The phase compensation unit eliminates the images of multiband signals so as to correspond to the baseband signals. The DC offset compensation unit compensates the baseband modulation signals for DC offsets using the multiband signals from which the images have been eliminated. The RF transmission unit generates the RF signals using the signals which have been compensated for the DC offsets, and sends the RF signals via an antenna.

Abstract: A pixel array includes pixels arranged in a grid, with separate readout paths configured to readout image data from different subsets of the pixels in the array. An image sensor may employ image data from one subset of pixels, which may include fewer pixels than another subset of pixels in the array, to quickly form an image.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate, a plurality of insulating layers vertically stacked on the substrate, a plurality of channels arranged in vertical openings formed through at least some of the plurality of insulating layers, and a plurality of portions alternatingly positioned with the plurality of insulating layers in the vertical direction. At least some of the portions are adjacent corresponding channels of the plurality of channels. Each of the portions includes a conductive barrier pattern formed on an inner wall of the portion, a filling layer pattern positioned in the portion on the conductive barrier pattern, and a gate electrode positioned in a remaining area of the portion not occupied by the conductive barrier or filling layer pattern.

Abstract: Provided are an electromagnetic wiping device for controlling the amount of coating of a steel sheet, a steel sheet wiping device including the same, and a method for manufacturing the steel sheet. The present invention can prevent overcoating at least at the edge of the steel sheet by removing a coating layer of at least an edge part of the steel sheet passing through a plating bath by using electromagnetism and forming the gas wiping, and can reduce gas wiping capabilities while maintaining the line speed of the steel sheet so as to reduce the amount of scattered material or dross due to the scattered material, thereby ultimately improving the coating quality and the productivity of the steel sheet.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a pixel array, a column signal processor, and a column mismatch compensator. The pixel array outputs a pixel signal from each column line during a pixel measuring time, and outputs a reference signal during a reference measuring time. The column signal processor performs correlated double sampling (CDS) on the reference signal to generate a reference CDS signal, and performs CDS on the pixel signal to generate a pixel CDS signal. The column mismatch compensator compensates the pixel CDS signal based on the reference CDS signal.

Abstract: A temperature sensor includes a band gap reference (BGR) circuit, a voltage generation unit and a digital CDS circuit. The band gap reference (BGR) circuit generates a reference voltage proportional to a temperature. The voltage generation unit generates a first voltage and a second voltage based on the reference voltage, where the first voltage and the second voltage are proportional to the temperature. The digital CDS circuit generates a digital signal corresponding to the temperature by performing a digital correlated double sampling (CDS) operation on the first voltage and the second voltage. The temperature sensor is able to detect a temperature accurately.

Abstract: A method for providing a safety guidance service from a local server to a nomadic device includes gathering information regarding surrounding conditions within a service area on a road, receiving device information from the nomadic device, which enters the service area, determining whether or not the nomadic device is placed in a situation based on the device information, and when it is recognized that the situation has happened, providing safety guidance message suitable to the situation to the nomadic device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus in which an Automatic Identification System (AIS) accesses a radio channel. The present invention includes selecting a slot on which a packet is to be transmitted on at least one radio channel, temporarily sending a first carrier, notifying other AISs that the selected slot has been selected by the AIS, on the selected slot in transmission mode, and after temporarily sending the first carrier, detecting a second carrier transmitted by another device on the selected slot in reception mode. In accordance with the present invention, the AIS temporarily sends a first carrier, notifying other AISs that a selected slot has been selected by the AIS, on the selected slot prior to the detection of a second carrier, and another AIS accessing the same slot detects the first carrier temporarily transmitted. Accordingly, a collision between channels can be avoided.

Abstract: Provided is a steel strip stabilizing apparatus which allows shape correction and vibration suppression in a steel strip, particularly, plated steel strip, in a non-contact manner. The steel strip stabilizing apparatus includes an apparatus support body disposed on at least one side of a traveling steel strip and a steel strip stabilizing unit comprising a magnetic field generating pole disposed on the apparatus support body to face the steel strip and a pole expansion part configured to provide steel strip attraction force to a steel strip-side end of the magnetic field generating pole so as to allow shape correction or vibration suppression in the steel strip.

Abstract: A vehicle controller includes a communications unit for performing data communications with local servers; a local path generation unit for generating, in response to an automatic vehicle guidance service request, a local path based on a driving control command and sensing information received from the local servers via the communications unit; a path-following control unit for generating actuator control signals for controlling actuators of a vehicle to drive the vehicle along the local path; and a vehicle driving unit for driving the actuators according to the actuator control signals. Each local server pre-processes and merges sensor data received from the infra-sensor to generate the sensing information. A global server generates the driving control command based on the sensing information and transmits the driving control command to the local servers.

Abstract: Methods of forming a semiconductor device include forming an insulation layer on a semiconductor structure, forming an opening in the insulation layer, the opening having a sidewall defined by one side of the insulation layer, forming a first metal layer in the opening, at least partially exposing the sidewall of the opening by performing a wet-etching process on the first metal layer, and selectively forming a second metal layer on the etched first metal layer. An average grain size of the first metal layer is smaller than an average grain size of the second metal layer. Related semiconductor devices are also disclosed.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate, a plurality of insulating layers vertically stacked on the substrate, a plurality of channels arranged in vertical openings formed through at least some of the plurality of insulating layers, and a plurality of portions alternatingly positioned with the plurality of insulating layers in the vertical direction. At least some of the portions are adjacent corresponding channels of the plurality of channels. Each of the portions includes a conductive barrier pattern formed on an inner wall of the portion, a filling layer pattern positioned in the portion on the conductive barrier pattern, and a gate electrode positioned in a remaining area of the portion not occupied by the conductive barrier or filling layer pattern.

Abstract: A vertical non-volatile memory device includes a semiconductor pattern disposed on a substrate; and a plurality of transistors of first through n-th layers that are stacked on a side of the semiconductor pattern at predetermined distances from each other, wherein the transistors are spaced apart and insulated from one another at the predetermined distances via air gap, where n is a natural number equal to or greater than 2.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus and method for controlling mode switching in a terminal. A switch unit outputs a signal for mode switching of the terminal in response to a touch operation of a stylus pen, and a controller switches a mode of the terminal in response to the signal output from the switch unit.

Abstract: A system for remotely controlling a vehicle in a service area divided into plural service sectors includes: an infra sensor module installed in each service sector for periodically sensing obstacles and vehicles within the service sector; a vehicle controller mounted in each vehicle for requesting the driving guidance service and automatically controlling the vehicle in accordance with a vehicle control signal; and a local server installed in each service sector for communicating with the vehicle controllers through a driving guidance network based on information on the obstacles and vehicles sensed by the infra sensor module. The system further includes a global server for allocating network resources of the driving guidance network to allow the local server to communicate with the vehicle controllers using the allocated network resources.