Abstract: The present invention relates to a client suitability test apparatus for a substation automating system with regard to IEC 61850 service between virtual intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) and clients for a plurality of IEDs, wherein the apparatus comprises: a suitability test process generating unit using at least one test model selected from among a plurality of predefined test models, and modeling a suitability test process to test the suitability of a client; a suitability test executing unit for calling a test process model, and executing a suitability test on a client according to the content of the test process model; a communication packet analyzing unit capturing and analyzing a communication packet on a communication response of a virtual IED and the communication request of a client according to the suitability test executing unit; and a test grading unit for grading the suitability test of the client based on test grading conditions of the test process model called by the suitability test execut

Abstract: Methods of forming vertical nonvolatile memory devices utilize carbon-blocking sacrificial capping layers to increase device yield by reducing the likelihood that one or more vertically-stacked layers of materials will lift-off during fabrication. These capping layers may be provided to cover carbon-containing sacrificial layers that are highly polymerized.

Abstract: Provided are a reliability-based, real-time sensor network medium access control (MAC) communication system and method using a superframe. The superframe includes an active duration which is a time duration in which a communication is established, and a sleep duration which is a time duration in which no communication is established. The active duration includes a beacon block in which a plurality of beacon transmission nodes are respectively allocated beacon slots for transmitting a beacon frame, and a forwarding block in which each of sinks nodes is allocated a slot for unifying data regarding the sink node and data regarding sensor nodes managed by the sink node and transmit the result of unifying in order to establish a communication between the sink nodes and between each of the sink nodes and a base station.

Abstract: An apparatus is for guiding a vehicle traveling of a vehicle by using information technology infrastructures. The apparatus includes: a control terminal for controlling the vehicle traveling; sensing devices that collect circumstance information of guidance areas desirous of guiding the vehicle by using the information technology infrastructures provided on the guidance areas; and a server device that recognizes a circumstance of the guidance areas to create a guidance route based on the collected circumstance information by the sensing device so that the control terminal controls the vehicle to travel along the guidance route.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a semiconductor light-emitting device which includes: a light-emitting layer composed of an active layer and of barrier layers formed as superlattice layers and disposed on and under the active layer to relieve stresses applied to the active layer and reduce the sum of electric fields generated in the active layer by the spontaneous polarization and the piezoelectric effect; an N-type contact layer injecting electrons into the light-emitting layer; and a P-type contact layer disposed opposite to the N-type contact layer with respect to the light-emitting layer and injecting holes into the light-emitting layer, wherein the active layer contains InGaN, and the barrier layers are formed by alternately stacking of an AlGaN thin film and an InGaN thin film.

Abstract: Methods of forming a semiconductor device include forming an insulation layer on a semiconductor structure, forming an opening in the insulation layer, the opening having a sidewall defined by one side of the insulation layer, forming a first metal layer in the opening, at least partially exposing the sidewall of the opening by performing a wet-etching process on the first metal layer, and selectively forming a second metal layer on the etched first metal layer. An average grain size of the first metal layer is smaller than an average grain size of the second metal layer. Related semiconductor devices are also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is a system for supporting intellectual property (IP) commercialization based on a social network in which business experts, a technology provider, and optionally capital investors can join. The system includes a project information providing unit configured to provide investment project information over a computer network, the investment project information including technical description of a target technology to be commercialized by a technology provider; an investment processing unit configured to store, as the project information, outcomes generated from knowledge-based services which are offered by participants for individual business elements required for commercialization of the target technology; and an investment share managing unit configured to manage shares converted from knowledge-based services offered by investors for the project, on the individual project/investor basis.

Abstract: Provided are a method for running a network for vehicle detection and a system thereof. Each vehicle detecting device is classified into a plurality of groups based on information provided from the vehicle detecting devices and control information that activates or deactivates components of the corresponding vehicle detecting devices is set for each group based on the information. Power of a signal transmitting the information is set for each vehicle detecting device.

Abstract: Methods of forming vertical nonvolatile memory devices utilize carbon-blocking sacrificial capping layers to increase device yield by reducing the likelihood that one or more vertically-stacked layers of materials will lift-off during fabrication. These capping layers may be provided to cover carbon-containing sacrificial layers that are highly polymerized.

Abstract: Provided are an adaptive communication method and a sensor node for performing the same. The sensor node adaptively selects transmitted signal output strength and a wakeup zone of transmitted data based on a received signal strength indication of a control packet received from a sink node and existence of an obstacle acquired through a sensor, and transmits data based on the adaptive selection. Also, during an operation as a receive mode, the sensor node wakes up and determines whether to receive the data from the transmit node based on wakeup zone configuration information per sensor node received from the sink node and a wakeup zone selected by a sensor node currently operable as a transmit node.

Abstract: Disclosed is an urgent message transmission system. In the system, when a disaster warning message is received from a network provider, an originating terminal transmits the received disaster warning message to a preset urgent message recipient according to a user's request. Further, a terminating terminal having received an urgent message from the originating terminal transmits the received urgent message to a preset urgent message recipient according to a user's request. Accordingly, when an urgent message is received from a provider or a specific user, it is possible to quickly transfer the contents of the received urgent message to other users without recreating a separate urgent message.

Abstract: Provided are a terminal and method for distinguishing between email recipients using a specific identifier. According to the inventive terminal and method, when email is desired to be sent to several recipients, it is possible to set an individual transmission configuration for each recipient and transmit the email in different formats depending on the recipients. Thus, a large-sized file is prevented from being unnecessarily created or transferred, thereby reducing unnecessary traffic. In addition, it is possible to prevent the storage space of a mobile device from being wasted due to receiving an unwanted attachment file.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a light generating device with required wavelength is disclosed. According to the method, a) a required wavelength is determined. b) A polar angle and an azimuthal angle corresponding to the required wavelength in a nitride semiconductor are determined. Then, c) a nitride semiconductor crystal is grown according to the polar angle and the azimuthal angle. Therefore, a light generating device with required wavelength may be manufactured without adjusting amounts of elements of compound semiconductor.

Abstract: A temperature sensor includes a band gap reference (BGR) circuit, a voltage generation unit and a digital CDS circuit. The band gap reference (BGR) circuit generates a reference voltage proportional to a temperature. The voltage generation unit generates a first voltage and a second voltage based on the reference voltage, where the first voltage and the second voltage are proportional to the temperature. The digital CDS circuit generates a digital signal corresponding to the temperature by performing a digital correlated double sampling (CDS) operation on the first voltage and the second voltage. The temperature sensor is able to detect a temperature accurately.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing a three-dimensional semiconductor device are provided. The method includes: forming a thin film structure, where first and second material layers of at least 2n (n is an integer more than 2) are alternately and repeatedly stacked, on a substrate; wherein the first material layer applies a stress in a range of about 0.1×109 dyne/cm2 to about 10×109 dyne/cm2 to the substrate and the second material layer applies a stress in a range of about ?0.1×109 dyne/cm2 to about ?10×109 dyne/cm2 to the substrate.

Abstract: A device for protecting a semiconductor device from electrostatic discharge may include a high voltage first conductivity type well formed in a semiconductor substrate. A first stack region may have a first conductivity type drift region, and a first conductivity type impurity region stacked in succession in the high voltage first conductivity type well. A second stack region may have a second conductivity type drift region, and a second conductivity type impurity region stacked in succession in the high voltage first conductivity type well. A device isolating film formed between the first stack region and the second stack region for isolating the first stack region from the second stack region.

Abstract: A vertical non-volatile memory device includes a semiconductor pattern disposed on a substrate; and a plurality of transistors of first through n-th layers that are stacked on a side of the semiconductor pattern at predetermined distances from each other, wherein the transistors are spaced apart and insulated from one another at the predetermined distances via air gap, where n is a natural number equal to or greater than 2.

Abstract: Provided are a system and method for processing sensing data from a sensor network. The system includes: a data processing condition managing unit for storing sensing data processing conditions; a data processing function managing unit for storing sensing data processing function information; a processed data managing unit for storing processed sensing data; a data pattern managing unit for storing sensing data pattern information; an acquired data managing unit for storing sensing data; a data acquisition condition managing unit for storing sensing data acquisition conditions; a user requirement acquiring unit for acquiring the sensing data acquisition conditions; a data acquiring unit for acquiring sensing data; a data pattern extracting unit for extracting the pattern of sensing data; a data generating unit for processing the sensing data; and a data processing unit for processing the sensing data.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method of a mobile communication terminal for accessing a portal site are provided, which include reading out an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) from a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card, coding the read IMSI, and generating an ID using the coded IMSI, and provide easy, fast and safe access to the portal site and extended range of Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) portal marketing.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the boost circuit includes a boost unit configured to perform a charge pumping operation based on a control signal. A controller is configured to control the boost unit such that the boost unit performs a lesser charge pumping operation from an initial time when power is supplied to the boost circuit until a desired time than after the desired time.