Abstract: Manufacturing a device may include inspecting a surface of an inspection target device. The inspecting may include forming a metal layer on a surface of the inspection target device on which a minute pattern is formed, directing a beam of light to be incident and normal to the surface of the inspection target device, determining a spectrum of light reflected from the surface of the inspection target device, and generating, via the spectrum, information associated with a structural characteristic of the minute pattern formed on the inspection target device. The inspection target device may be selectively incorporated into the manufactured device based on the generated information.

Abstract: A method for converting source data to a channel-modulated signal having a plurality of pairs of in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) data in a mobile station, wherein the mobile station uses at least one channel, includes the steps of: a) encoding the source data to generate at least one data part and a control part; b) generating at least one spreading code to be allocated to the channel, wherein each spreading code is selected on the basis of a data rate of the data part and the control part and spreading codes are selected so that two consecutive pairs of the I and Q data are correspondent to two points located on same point or symmetrical with respect to a zero point on a phase domain; and c) spreading the control part and the data part by using the spreading code, to thereby generate the channel-modulated signal.

Abstract: An operation method of a terminal in a communication system includes receiving bandwidth part (BWP) change information from a base station in a BWP i; changing an operation BWP of the terminal from the BWP i to a BWP j even when a transmission and reception procedure of first data in the BWP i is not completed at a BWP changing point indicated by the BWP change information; and performing a data transmission and reception procedure of second data in the BWP j, wherein the BWP i and the BWP j are different BWPs, and i and j are different integers.

Abstract: An operation method of a terminal in a communication system includes transmitting a measurement report message of each of one or more neighbor base stations to a source base station, the one or more neighbor base stations satisfying a handover (HO) preparation event; receiving, from the source base station, a conditional HO command message of each of at least one of neighbor base stations among the one or more neighbor base stations; determining a target base station based on priority of a neighbor base station which satisfies a HO execution event among the at least one of neighbor base stations; and performing a handover with the target base station.

Abstract: A clock signal generator includes an optic mirror rotatable to scan an incident light beam in a first direction, a grid plate including a plurality of grid arrays arranged in a second direction different from the first direction, wherein light reflected from the optic mirror is selectively passed through when the light beam is scanned on the grid plate in the first direction, the grid array being offset in the first direction by a particular distance with respect to an adjacent grid array, a light detector configured to detect a light passing through the grid arrays, and a pixel clock generator configured to generate a clock signal based on detection signals received from the light detector.

Abstract: An operation method of an in-band full duplex (IFD) transceiving apparatus including a receiving end, a transmitting end, a digital self-interference cancellation (DSIC) processing unit, and a digital SI cancellation unit may comprise generating, by the DSIC processing unit, signal shaping coefficients for wave shaping of a signal of the transmitting end; generating, by the DSIC processing unit, channel estimation coefficients for cancellation of a self-interference signal in a reception signal of the receiving end; forming, by the DSIC processing unit, a transmission signal based on the signal shaping coefficients; and generating, by the DSIC processing unit, a control signal for cancellation of the self-interference signal in the reception signal based on the channel estimation coefficients.

Abstract: An operation method of a terminal in a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) based communication system includes receiving information on a NOMA resource sequence allocated by a base station from the base station; and transmitting data to the base station by using a NOMA resource indicated by the information on the NOMA resource sequence in each data symbol or each data symbol group. Also, the NOMA resource sequence may indicate at least one NOMA resource in a NOMA resource set.

Abstract: A method for converting source data to a channel-modulated signal having a plurality of pairs of in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) data in a mobile station, wherein the mobile station uses at least one channel, includes the steps of: a) encoding the source data to generate at least one data part and a control part; b) generating at least one spreading code to be allocated to the channel, wherein each spreading code is selected on the basis of a data rate of the data part and the control part and spreading codes are selected so that two consecutive pairs of the I and Q data are correspondent to two points located on same point or symmetrical with respect to a zero point on a phase domain; and c) spreading the control part and the data part by using the spreading code, to thereby generate the channel-modulated signal.

Abstract: An operation method of a terminal includes receiving configuration information from a serving base station; measuring channel states of the serving base station and a target base station; when a difference between received signal strengths of the serving base station and the target base station is not less than a handover preparation offset, determining that a handover preparation event has occurred and transmitting a measurement report message to the serving base station; and when the difference is equal to or greater than a handover execution offset, determining that a handover execution event has occurred and transmitting a handover indication message informing of execution of a handover to the target base station. The channel state is normal state, abnormal state, or RLF state, and the configuration information indicates a different handover preparation offset and a different handover execution event according to the channel state.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an elastic foothold for stairs comprising: an upper plate, wherein one or more first coupling protrusions are formed on a side of a bottom surface, one or more first block insertion parts having second coupling protrusions are formed on the other side of the bottom surface, and a first anti-slip part is formed on a side of a top surface; a lower plate, wherein first coupling grooves corresponding to the first coupling protrusions are formed on a side of the bottom surface so as to be male/female-coupled to a side of the upper plate, and one or more second block insertion parts having third coupling protrusions are formed on the other side of the bottom surface; one or more first blocks that are inserted and coupled to the first block insertion parts, that have second coupling grooves formed on a bottom surface so as to be male/female-coupled to the second coupling protrusions, and that have third coupling grooves formed on a top surface; one or more second blocks that are inse

Abstract: Disclosed is an operation method of a terminal in a mobile communication system. The operation method may comprise starting a T310 timer when a physical layer out-of-synchronization occurs in a PDCCH transmitted from a first base station; confirming that an RLF occurs when the PDCCH does not transition to a physical layer in-sync state until the T310 timer expires; performing re-establishment of PDCP layers and RLC layers for all radio bearers except an SRB0; suspending all the radio bearers except the SRB0; performing RRC connection re-establishment with a second base station selected through cell selection; and resuming all the radio bearers when the RRC connection re-establishment with the second base station succeeds.

Abstract: An operation method of a terminal, for a handover in a mobile communication system, may comprise performing measurement on beams of a target base station, and transmitting a measurement result of at least one beam of the target base station to a source base station; receiving, from the source base station, a handover command message including information on at least one RACH resource for the at least one beam; transmitting a handover indication message including information on at least one random access target beam having an order of channel conditions determined based on a latest measurement to the source base station and to the target base station through the source base station; and determining an optimal beam among the at least one random access target beam, and transmitting a RACH to the target base station through a RACH resource allocated to the optimal beam.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an elastic foothold for stairs comprising: an upper plate, wherein one or more first coupling protrusions are formed on a side of a bottom surface, one or more first block insertion parts having second coupling protrusions are formed on the other side of the bottom surface, and a first anti-slip part is formed on a side of a top surface; a lower plate, wherein first coupling grooves corresponding to the first coupling protrusions are formed on a side of the bottom surface so as to be male/female-coupled to a side of the upper plate, and one or more second block insertion parts having third coupling protrusions are formed on the other side of the bottom surface; one or more first blocks that are inserted and coupled to the first block insertion parts, that have second coupling grooves formed on a bottom surface so as to be male/female-coupled to the second coupling protrusions, and that have third coupling grooves formed on a top surface; one or more second blocks that are inse

Abstract: An operation method of a terminal in a communication system may comprise receiving a downlink data channel from a base station in a slot #n or a slot #(n?l); receiving a slot format indicator (SFI) indicating a format of a slot #(n+k) in which an uplink control information (UCI) is to be transmitted, from the base station in the slot #n; and transmitting the UCI including a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) response for the downlink data channel to the base station in the slot #(n+k). Here, each of n and k may be an integer equal to or greater than 0, and l may be an integer equal to or greater than 1.

Abstract: An operation method of a communication node transmitting a synchronization signal in a communication network may comprise generating a synchronization signal block including the synchronization signal; configuring an offset for the synchronization signal block; generating a synchronization signal burst including a plurality of the synchronization signal blocks based on the offset; and transmitting the synchronization signal based on a synchronization signal burst set including the plurality of the synchronization signal blocks. Accordingly, a terminal can dynamically and effectively utilize the plurality of synchronization signal blocks without using additional information.

Abstract: An optical inspection apparatus includes a broadband light source, a monochromator, an image obtaining apparatus, and an analysis device. The monochromator is configured to convert light from the broadband light source into a plurality of monochromatic beams of different wavelengths and sequentially output the monochromatic beams, where each beam has a preset wavelength width and corresponds to one of a plurality of different wavelength regions. The image obtaining apparatus is configured to allow each monochromatic beam output from the monochromator to be incident to a top surface of an inspection target without using a beam splitter, allow light reflected by the inspection target to travel in a form of light of an infinite light source, and generate 2D images of the inspection target. The analysis device is configured to analyze the 2D images of the inspection target in the plurality of wavelength regions.

Abstract: An operation method of a first communication node, which controls a plurality of communication nodes included in a mobile xhaul network supporting mobility, may comprise performing an attach procedure between the first communication node and a second communication node among the plurality of communication nodes; configuring a path for communications between the second communication node and a third communication node for which attach procedure has been completed among the plurality of communication nodes; and supporting communications of the second communication node and the third communication node using the configured path.

Abstract: A wafer inspection apparatus includes a linear stage configured to support a chuck on which a wafer is disposed and to move the chuck along a guide rail, wherein the guide rail extends in a first direction, an image sensor module overlapping the linear stage, and a rotary stage supported by the linear stage. The rotary stage is configured to rotate the chuck in a state where a center of the wafer is aligned with the image sensor module. The image sensor module includes a light source directing light onto the wafer, and an image sensor extending in a second direction crossing the first direction.

Abstract: An optical transformation module includes a light generator generating a parallel light beam to be incident onto a surface of an inspection object and changing a wavelength of the parallel light beam, and a rotating grating positioned on a path of the parallel light beam and rotatable by a predetermined rotation angle such that the parallel light beam is transformed according to the wavelength of the parallel light beam and the rotation angle of the rotating grating to have a desired incidence angle and a desired incidence position onto the surface of the inspection object.

Abstract: Manufacturing a device may include inspecting a surface of an inspection target device. The inspecting may include forming a metal layer on a surface of the inspection target device on which a minute pattern is formed, directing a beam of light to be incident and normal to the surface of the inspection target device, determining a spectrum of light reflected from the surface of the inspection target device, and generating, via the spectrum, information associated with a structural characteristic of the minute pattern formed on the inspection target device. The inspection target device may be selectively incorporated into the manufactured device based on the generated information.