Abstract: A photoalignment material includes an alignment polymer, a photoalignment additive including a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 and an organic solvent. In Chemical Formula 1, R1 represents a cyclic compound. A and B independently represent a single bond or —(CnH2n)—. “n” represents an integer in a range of 1 to 12. Each —CH2— of A and/or B may be replaced with R3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and each —CH2— of A and/or B may be replaced with —O—. R4 represents In Chemical Formula 1, each hydrogen atom excluding hydrogen atoms of R4 may be replaced with chlorine (Cl) or fluorine (F).

Abstract: A storage system includes a storage medium configured to store data and a buffer memory configured to buffer data to be written to the storage medium. The storage system further includes a controller configured to selectively transfer the buffered data to the storage medium responsive to an invalidity indicator received from an external source. For example, the invalidity indicator may comprise unwrite information received from an external source, e.g., information that indicates that selected buffered data corresponds to deleted file data.

Abstract: Disclose herein is a method for diagnosing virus, comprising the steps of: (a) collecting a sample and lysing virus present in the sample; (b) treating the lysed sample with a specific protease to digest a protein in the sample into peptides; (c) measuring the masses of the peptides in the sample with a mass measurement device; and (d) comparing the masses of the peptides in the sample to the masses of peptides derived from known viral proteins digested with the same protease as used in step (b), thus identifying the protein from which the peptides of the sample were derived. Also disclosed is a system for diagnosing virus which can be used to carry out the above diagnostic method.

Abstract: A storage system includes a storage medium configured to store data and a buffer memory configured to buffer data to be written to the storage medium. The storage system further includes a controller configured to selectively transfer the buffered data to the storage medium responsive to an invalidity indicator received from an external source. For example, the invalidity indicator may comprise unwrite information received from an external source, e.g., information that indicates that selected buffered data corresponds to deleted file data.

Abstract: A storage system includes a storage medium configured to store data and a buffer memory configured to buffer data to be written to the storage medium. The storage system further includes a controller configured to selectively transfer the buffered data to the storage medium responsive to an invalidity indicator received from an external source. For example, the invalidity indicator may comprise unwrite information received from an external source, e.g., information that indicates that selected buffered data corresponds to deleted file data.

Abstract: The present invention provides photo-reactive compound. The photo-reactive compound, in which chains are combined to a polymer backbone that is used for a photo-alignment layer compound, is represented by the following Formula 1 or Formula 2. L denotes a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having at least 1 but no more than 18 carbons, V denotes a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having at least 1 but no more than 18 carbons, R1, R2, and R3 each denote H or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having at least 1 but no more than 18 carbons, X+Y=1, 0<X, and Y<1.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are novel microbes Thraustochytrium sp. KJS-1 and Bacillus polyfermenticus KJS-2. Also provided is an aquaculture feed additive for use in fisheries, which comprises freeze dried Thraustochytrium sp. KJS-1, freeze dried Bacillus polyfermenticus KJS- 2, and freeze dried Bacillus licheniformis. In addition to providing DHA, an essential nutrient for fish, the aquaculture feed additive shows antibacterial and antifungal activity, thereby preventing fish from dying from bacterial and fungal diseases.

Abstract: An alignment substrate includes a substrate and an alignment layer. The substrate includes a plurality of unit pixel areas. Each of the unit pixel areas includes a plurality of sub-pixel areas arranged in a matrix configuration. The alignment layer is on the substrate and has polymer chains protruding from a surface of the alignment layer. The alignment layer has a plurality of alignment vectors in which the polymer chains are pretilted according to the sub-pixel areas. The alignment vectors corresponding to adjacent sub-pixel areas point in different directions from each other.

Abstract: A photoalignment material includes an alignment polymer, a photoalignment additive including a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 and an organic solvent. In Chemical Formula 1, R1 represents a cyclic compound. A and B independently represent a single bond or —(CnH2n)—. “n” represents an integer in a range of 1 to 12. Each —CH2— of A and/or B may be replaced with R3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and each —CH2— of A and/or B may be replaced with —O—. R4 represents In Chemical Formula 1, each hydrogen atom excluding hydrogen atoms of R4 may be replaced with chlorine (Cl) or fluorine (F). Thus, an alignment layer having an orientation may be formed without an alignment polymer having a photoreactive portion, and the density of the alignment layer may be increased.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system providing a VPN service by connecting a VPN (virtual Private Network) to a mobile communication network. A home agent (HA) stores location information of a mobile node (MN) and information on whether the MN is registered in the VPN. A foreign agent (FA) transmits a location registration request message to the HA by receiving location registration information of the MN, and transmits data to an ISP (Internet Service Provider) router in the same subnet upon receiving a VPN service request. A server provides the VPN service and a router network connects the VPN to the FA. The router network includes a server for searching an edge IP router in the network using an address of the FA. The HA prevents an MN from accepting a call request received from a specific node in an IP network while the MN is performing a VPN service.

Abstract: Memory interface systems include one or more channel lines that couple a memory to a memory controller such that the channel line(s) are responsive to a terminal voltage that is independent of supply voltages for the memory and the memory controller. Because the memory interface system uses a terminal voltage that is independent of the supply voltages of the memory and the memory controller, the interface system may be unaffected by voltage differences between the memory supply voltage and the memory controller supply voltage.

Abstract: A system and method of charging for user traffic without including signaling costs in a wireless communication system is provided. In a system and method of charging a user equipment (UE) in a gateway node in a mobile communication system having a serving support node within a radio network connected to the UE and the gateway node for connecting the radio network to a home server in an external network, the gateway node acquires from the external network the address of a home server that provides a service requested by the UE, stores the home server address, clears charging information collected with respect to signaling generated prior to the allocation of the home server address, and re-collects charging information about the service that the UE receives.

Abstract: An integrated circuit memory system includes one or more memory modules in which at least one of the memory modules is responsive to a control signal and has delay control information stored thereon. The memory system further includes a memory controller that is configured to generate the control signal in response to the delay control information.

Abstract: A computing system includes a buffer memory configured to temporarily store data intended for storage in an external storage device and a processing unit configured to selectively invalidate data stored in the buffer memory and to control transfer of data from the buffer memory to the external storage device responsive to the selective invalidation. In some embodiments, for example, the processing unit may be configured to manage write state information of the temporarily stored data and to update the write state information according to information related to the temporarily stored data. The processing unit may be configured to control the buffer memory and the external storage according to the write state information so that at least a part of the temporarily stored data is not written in the external storage.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a data packet from a mobile node to a correspondent node through a foreign agent while maintaining security is disclosed. A correspondent node transmits a first data packet for communication with a mobile node to the home agent. Upon receipt of the first data packet from the home agent, the foreign agent transmits the first data packet to the mobile node through a radio channel. The home agent transmits the IP address of the foreign agent to the correspondent node after transmitting the first data packet to the foreign agent. The correspondent node transmits tunneling indication information indicating whether it can decapsulate a data packet encapsulated by the foreign agent to the foreign agent after receiving the IP address of the foreign agent from the home agent.

Abstract: A method and system for providing a private voice call service to a mobile subscriber are provided. A soft switch in a mobile communication system, upon receipt of an origination message including a private voice request information from a calling MS, transmits to a VPN server a private circuit service request message including a service ID for the private voice call service and the network address information of a caller and called. The VPN server establishes a communication path for edge routers connected to calling and called gateways according to network address information. Thus, voice traffic is transmitted between the calling MS and called MS though the communication path of the VPN.

Abstract: A storage system includes a storage medium configured to store data and a buffer memory configured to buffer data to be written to the storage medium. The storage system further includes a controller configured to selectively transfer the buffered data to the storage medium responsive to an invalidity indicator received from an external source. For example, the invalidity indicator may comprise unwrite information received from an external source, e.g., information that indicates that selected buffered data corresponds to deleted file data.

Abstract: There is provided a handover method for a mobile node (MN) having a mobile IP (Internet Protocol) address in a mobile communication system. When a handover occurs as the MN moves from the area of a first FA to the area of a second FA adjacent to the first FA, the second FA transmits a Binding Update message including the IP address of the second FA and an acknowledgement request to the first FA. In response to the Binding Update message, the first FA transmits a Binding Acknowledge message to the second FA, including a field indicative of the IP tunneling capability of a router connected to a corresponding node (CN) to which the MN connects a call.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method are provided for producing a tunnel in an integration serving node formed by integrating a serving support node and a gateway node which connect a radio network controller of a wireless access network server to a home server of an external network.

Abstract: A system and method of charging for user traffic without including signaling costs in a wireless communication system is provided. In a system and method of charging a user equipment (UE) in a gateway node in a mobile communication system having a serving support node within a radio network connected to the UE and the gateway node for connecting the radio network to a home server in an external network, the gateway node acquires from the external network the address of a home server that provides a service requested by the UE, stores the home server address, clears charging information collected with respect to signaling generated prior to the allocation of the home server address, and re-collects charging information about the service that the UE receives.