Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of agents that inhibit the toxic effects of amyloid oligomers by increasing intracellular levels of phosphoinositol 4-phosphate (PI(4)P, or “PIP”) and/or phosphotidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PI(4,5)P2 or “PIP2”), the use of such agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, methods of treating neurodegenerative diseases by administration of agents which alter lipid metabolism, and methods of identifying agents which alter the association of presenilins with ?-secretase and lipid rafts.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods (assays) for detecting and/or quantifying sAPP?, a secreted ?-secretase (BACE1) cleavage fragment of the ?-amyloid precursor protein (APP), in a biological sample. One such method includes contacting a biological sample with a first antibody that selectively binds to a BACE1 cleavage site on sAPP? and detecting the presence of the antibody. Also provided are compositions, including antibodies that selectively bind to the BACE1 cleavage site of sAPP?. Kits containing such compositions are also provided. Methods of diagnosing a neurodegenerative disease, such as AD, using the methods and compositions of the present invention are further provided. Methods for identifying BACE1 modulators, candidate compounds that are BACE1 modulators, and methods for treating, preventing or ameliorating neurodegenerative disease, such as AD, using such compounds or pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds are also provided.

Abstract: A pattern recognition method using Maximization of Mutual Information (MMI)-based Local Binary Pattern (LBP) codes transforms training face images into LBPs and generates LBP-transformed feature vectors based on positions of image pixels. Thereafter, a dimension of each image is reduced by selecting feature vectors maximizing mutual information with a class label vector from among N feature vectors, 256 LBP frequency feature vectors are obtained by performing an LBP code-based histogram transform per image, and Optimal LBP (OLBP) codes maximizing mutual information with the class label vector for the 256 LBP frequency feature vectors are selected. These selected OLBP codes are codes guaranteeing minimization of a classification error rate, and by applying the selected OLBP codes to pattern recognition, a better recognition performance than a conventional local kernel-based image representation method and an enhanced recognition speed due to a reduced number of LBP codes are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high-strength silicoaluminophasphate-34 (SAPO-34) microsphere catalyst, a method for preparing the same, and a method for preparing light olefins by using the same, and when described in more detail, the present invention relates to a method for preparing a SAPO-34 microsphere catalyst, including: spray drying a mixed slurry including a matrix, a binder, an additive, and the like to a SAPO-34 slurry prepared by a hydrothermal synthesizing method using various organic templates such as tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH), and the like alone or in mixtures to prepare microspheres, and firing the microspheres, and to a SAPO-34 microsphere catalyst for a circulating-fluidized bed reactor, prepared by the preparation method. The SAPO-34 microsphere catalyst of the present invention has excellent reaction activity while having high strength, and thus is appropriate for use in a circulating-fluidized bed reactor requiring high strength of the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of treating neurodegenerative diseases comprising administering, to a subject in need of such treatment, one or more agent that inhibits or reduces the action, including the catalytic activity, of an enzyme of the phospholipase D family, such as phospholipase D1 and/or phospholipase D2. The present invention also relates to cell-based assays which may be used to identify agents that inhibit or reduce the activity of enzymes of the phospholipase D family and that may be used in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds with activity as BACE1 and NF?B modulators, and methods for treating, preventing, or ameliorating neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. The present invention is also directed to the treatment of diseases related to dysfunction of cell proliferation, the immune system and/or inflammation using such compounds or pharmaceutical compositions containing such candidate compounds.

Abstract: Provided are a recombinant Ralstonia eutropha capable of producing polylactate or a hydroxyalkanoate-lactate copolymer, and a method of preparing polylactate or a hydroxyalkanoate-lactate copolymer using the same. The recombinant Ralstonia eutropha, which is prepared by introducing a gene of an enzyme converting lactate into lactyl-CoA and a gene of a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase using lactyl-CoA as a substrate thereto, may be cultured, thereby efficiently preparing a lactate polymer and a lactate copolymer.

Abstract: The present invention provides there is provided an electrochemical biosensor electrode structure that includes: a working electrode and a reference electrode used as electrodes for sample measurement being arranged separately from each other in lengthwise direction of a sample insertion path, the working electrode and the reference electrode each having at least one projection and at least one recess alternately arranged on a portion thereof corresponding to the sample insertion path, the projection of the working electrode being correspondingly adjacent to the recess of the reference electrode, the recess of the working electrode being correspondingly adjacent to the projection of the reference electrode; and at least two sample recognition electrodes used as electrodes for sample recognition being separated from each other and arranged adjacent and parallel to the working electrode and the reference electrode.

Abstract: A mobile terminal including an upper body having an upper surface, a display located at the upper body, a lower body having first and second upper surfaces, the upper body being connected to the lower body for movement between a closed configuration in which the upper body completely covers the second upper surface and an open configuration in which the upper body partially covers the second upper surface to expose a portion of the second upper surface, the upper surface of the upper body being substantially co-planar to the first upper surface of the second body in the open and closed configuration, a first camera located at one of the upper body and the lower body, and at least one camera-dedicated key located at said portion of the second upper surface exposed in the open configuration, the at least one camera-dedicated key being configured to control the first camera.

Abstract: Provided is a method of preparing polylactate (PLA) or a copolymer thereof using a mutant microorganism in which a gene participating in a coenzyme A (CoA) donor- and lactate-producing pathway is genetically manipulated to increase the productivity of a CoA donor and lactate. Amounts of the CoA donor and the lactate are simultaneously increased in a microbial metabolic pathway to enable effective biosynthesis of PLA and a hydroxyalkanoate-lactate copolymer having a high content of lactate, which is industrially useful.

Abstract: Provided is a mutant of propionyl-CoA transferase from Clostridium propionicum that can convert lactate into lactyl-CoA with high efficiency in a method of preparing a polylactate (PLA) or PLA copolymer using microorganisms. Unlike conventional propionyl-CoA transferase which is weakly expressed in E. coli, when a mutant of propiony-CoA transferase from Clostridium propionicum is introduced into recombinant E. coli, lactyl-CoA can be supplied very smoothly, thereby enabling highly efficient preparation of polylactate (PLA) and PLA copolymer.

Abstract: Provided are a multi-purpose magnetic film structure using a spin charge, a method of manufacturing the same, a semiconductor device having the same, and a method of operating the semiconductor memory device. The multi-purpose magnetic film structure includes a lower magnetic film, a tunneling film formed on the lower magnetic film, and an upper magnetic film formed on the tunneling film, wherein the lower and upper magnetic films are ferromagnetic films forming an electrochemical potential difference therebetween when the lower and upper magnetic films have opposite magnetization directions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds with activity as inhibitors of sAPP? and A? production, and methods for treating, preventing, or ameliorating neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and pharmaceutical compositions containing such candidate compounds.

Abstract: In a magnetic random access memory (MRAM) having a transistor and a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) layer in a unit cell, the MTJ layer includes a lower magnetic layer, an oxidation preventing layer, a tunneling oxide layer, and an upper magnetic layer, which are sequentially stacked. The tunneling oxide layer may be formed using an atomic layer deposition (ALD) method. At least the oxidation preventing layer may be formed using a method other than the ALD method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a copolymer comprising 3-hydroxyalkanoate monomer unit and lactate monomer unit, or their preparing method. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for preparing a copolymer comprising lactate monomer and 3-hydroxyalkanoate monomer, wherein the method comprises culturing a cell or plant comprising the gene of enzyme converting lactate and 3-hydroxyalkanoate into lactyl-CoA and 3-hydroxyalkanoyl-CoA, respectively, and polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase gene together, and the copolymer made by the method. The copolymer of the present invention is a biodegradable polymer being able to be usefully used instead of conventional synthetic plastic, and the copolymer can be used also for medical use.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a fast deposition system and method for mass production of large-area thin-film CIGS solar cells. The fast deposition system includes: a deposition chamber; a plurality of source chambers each coupled at one side thereof to one outer side or both outer sides of the deposition chamber through an opening and closing device, each source chamber including a crucible unit adapted to evaporate a source material; a plurality of effusion nozzle units disposed inside the deposition chamber and detachably engaged with a plurality of crucible units in such a fashion as to fluidically communicate with the crucible units, each of the effusion nozzle units including a plurality of nozzles longitudinally formed at a bottom surface thereof and having an inner space of a predetermined size; and a moving means adapted to forwardly and backwardly move the crucible unit in each of the source chambers.

Abstract: Provided are a connection apparatus and a connection method capable of rapidly and fixing a pre-cast deck slab with a beam. The connection apparatus includes a main body buried in the pre-cast deck slab and having a hollow part formed in an axial direction thereof! a plurality of support portions integrally formed with an outer surface of the main body, each of which has a body having a certain length and a hook integrally formed with an end of the body; a bolt having a bolt body inserted into the hollow part of the main body and a fixing hole of the beam, and a head integrally formed with an upper end of the bolt body! and a nut threadedly engaged with the bolt body of the bolt.

Abstract: Provided are a microorganism capable of producing a polylactate (PLA) or PLA copolymer from sucrose and a method of producing the PLA or PLA copolymer from sucrose using the same. A gene of an enzyme converting lactate into lactyl-CoA and a gene of a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase using lactyl-CoA as a substrate are introduced into a microorganism capable of using sucrose as a substrate, and the microorganism is cultured using sucrose as the substrate, thereby allowing efficient production of a PLA or PLA copolymer.

Abstract: Provided is a socket for testing a main board having a water-cooled cooler fixing structure that fixes a water-cooled cooler to the top surface of a central processing unit (CPU) mounted to a main board for a computer during testing of the fraction defective of the main board.

Abstract: Provided are a multi-purpose magnetic film structure using a spin charge, a method of manufacturing the same, a semiconductor device having the same, and a method of operating the semiconductor memory device. The multi-purpose magnetic film structure includes a lower magnetic film, a tunneling film formed on the lower magnetic film, and an upper magnetic film formed on the tunneling film, wherein the lower and upper magnetic films are ferromagnetic films forming an electrochemical potential difference therebetween when the lower and upper magnetic films have opposite magnetization directions.