Abstract: A planetary gear train of an automatic transmission for a vehicle is disclosed. The planetary gear train may include: an input shaft receiving torque of an engine; an output shaft outputting changed torque; a first planetary gear set including first, second, and third rotation elements; a second planetary gear set including fourth, fifth, and sixth rotation elements; a third planetary gear set including seventh, eighth, and ninth rotation elements; a fourth planetary gear set including tenth, eleventh, and twelfth rotation elements.

Abstract: To process image data, a distribution of gray levels of frame image data is detected. A remapping function for providing remapped gray levels is determined based on the distribution of the gray levels such that a number of the remapped gray levels is less than a number of the gray levels. Low-power frame image data are provided based on the frame image data and the remapping function such that displaying the low-power frame image data uses less power than the frame image data.

Abstract: Provided is an organic light emitting device including a nano composite layer. The organic light emitting device adopts a nano composite layer including an insulator and light emitting nano-particles within a device, thereby simultaneously insulating a control electrode and changing the color of light emitted from a light emitting layer, thereby improving external quantum efficiency. Further, the amount of electron holes and electrons injected into the light emitting layer may be adjusted through a voltage applied to the control electrode so as to secure a stable current when the device is operated. In addition, when compared to a conventional light emitting device, the surface area of positive and negative electrodes may be reduced so as to reduce reflectance with respect to external light.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for detecting a touch position of a touch screen and the touch screen using the same. A method for detecting a touch position on a touch screen includes the steps of: detecting a touched touch screen block among touch screen blocks by using signals generated from at least one touch sensor among touch sensors included in a plurality of touch screen blocks into which an area of the touch screen is divided; and detecting a touch position in the detected touch screen block on the basis of a signal of a touch sensor included in the detected touch screen block. Thus, compared to an existing method of processing a signal by reading measurement values of all measurement sensors, the invention enables fast signal processing, thereby reducing measurement signal processing time for measuring a touch position of a touch screen.

Abstract: To process image data, a distribution of gray levels of frame image data is detected. A remapping function for providing remapped gray levels is determined based on the distribution of the gray levels such that a number of the remapped gray levels is less than a number of the gray levels. Low-power frame image data are provided based on the frame image data and the remapping function such that displaying the low-power frame image data uses less power than the frame image data.

Abstract: Disclosed is a flash memory using fringing effects and an electrostatic shielding function. A gap between adjacent gate stacks is controlled by fringing effects, and an operation of each of the gate stacks is electrostatically shielded by a gate electrode extending to a tunneling insulation layer. Thus, coupling between the adjacent gate stacks is minimized by electrostatic shielding.

Abstract: A solar cell using a p-i-n nanowire that may generate light by absorbing solar light in a wide wavelength region efficiently without generating light loss and may be manufactured with a simplified process and low cost.

Abstract: A parking brake system that uses a locking device to maintain a parking release condition may include a control lever that may be rotatably connected to the exterior of a transmission, a shift cable that may be rotatably connected to an end of the control lever, the locking device that may be connected to the other end of the shift cable and selectively maintains the parking release condition, and a parking device that includes a piston member in a cylinder and that may be connected to the end of the control lever and uses hydraulic pressure to move the control lever and the shift cable such that the parking release condition may be maintained.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for receiving non-contact energy that includes; a receiving unit that is spaced from a transmitting unit and receives thermal or light energy from the transmitting unit; an energy converting unit that converts the thermal or light energy received from the receiving unit into electric energy and supplies electric energy to a target device; and an auxiliary power that receives electric energy from the receiving unit or the energy converting unit and supplies electric energy to the target device when the energy transmitted from the receiving unit or the energy converting unit to the target device is cut off, and a method of controlling the device. According to the present invention, it is possible to stably supply energy that is not harmful to the human body and, has a wide transmission region.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a circuit for measuring electrostatic capacity using a current source technique, which includes an external capacitor and at least one pad capacitor, comprises: a charging/discharging unit charging and discharging the at least one pad capacitor using a constant current source; and a charge sharing switching unit performing a control to share a charge between the charged or discharged pad capacitor and the external capacitor. By charging/discharging the pad capacitor using a current source and sharing the charge between the pad capacitor and the external capacitor, the advantages of a technique for using a voltage source and a conventional technique for using a current source may be combined, and their drawbacks may each be remedied.

Abstract: A display device, which includes a plurality of pixels; a data driver for outputting data signals to the pixels; a bias current outputting unit for outputting a bias current having a predetermined magnitude; a plurality of driving current outputting units for outputting driving currents to the pixels; and a first switch connected between the bias current outputting unit and the driving current outputting units for selecting one of the driving current outputting units to connect to the bias current outputting unit, wherein the magnitudes of the driving currents are substantially the same as a magnitude of the bias current.

Abstract: Provided is an organic light emitting device including a nano composite layer. The organic light emitting device adopts a nano composite layer including an insulator and light emitting nano-particles within a device, thereby simultaneously insulating a control electrode and changing the color of light emitted from a light emitting layer, thereby improving external quantum efficiency. Further, the amount of electron holes and electrons injected into the light emitting layer may be adjusted through a voltage applied to the control electrode so as to secure a stable current when the device is operated. In addition, when compared to a conventional light emitting device, the surface area of positive and negative electrodes may be reduced so as to reduce reflectance with respect to external light.

Abstract: Provided are an electronic device and methods of fabricating the same, the electronic device include a device-substrate, a stacked structure, and an electrode. The stacked structure includes a graphene thin film between a first insulator and a second insulator. The electrode is disposed over the stacked structure.

Abstract: Example embodiments are directed to an electronic device and a method for manufacturing the same. The electronic device includes a polymer thin film and an electrode. The polymer thin film includes nanoparticles. The electrode is formed by attaching a graphene thin film of a sheet shape formed through graphene deposition using a vapor carbon supply source to the polymer thin film. In the method, a graphene thin film of a sheet shape is formed through graphene deposition using a vapor carbon supply source. A polymer solution with distributed nanoparticles is prepared. The polymer solution with distributed nanoparticles is spin-coated on a substrate. A polymer thin film comprising the nanoparticles is formed by drying the spin-coated polymer solution. An electrode is formed by attaching the graphene thin film onto the polymer thin film.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solar cell having nanostructures on both surfaces of a transparent substrate, and to a method for manufacturing same. The nano-structures, which face each other with respect to the substrate and which transport electrons, are formed using zinc-oxide nanowires. Also, a hole-transport layer using CIS nanoparticles is formed in order to absorb light having a short wavelength and to transport generated holes. A hole-transport layer including CIGS nanoparticles for absorbing light having a relatively long wavelength is formed on the side facing the hole-transport layer including the CIS nanoparticles.

Abstract: Provided are a photodetector (PD) using a graphene thin film and nanoparticles and a method of fabricating the same. The PD includes a graphene thin film having a sheet shape formed by means of a graphene deposition process using a vapor-phase carbon (C) source and a nanoparticle layer formed on the graphene thin film and patterned to define an electrode region of the graphene thin film, the nanoparticle layer being formed of nanoparticles without a matrix material. The PD has a planar structure using the graphene thin film as a channel and an electrode and using nanoparticles as a photovoltaic material (capable of forming electron-hole pairs due to photoelectron-motive force caused by ultraviolet (UV) light). Since the PD has a very simple structure, the PD may be fabricated at low cost with high productivity. Also, the PD includes the graphene thin film to reduce power consumption.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for detecting a touch position of a touch screen and the touch screen using the same. A method for detecting a touch position on a touch screen includes the steps of: detecting a touched touch screen block among touch screen blocks by using signals generated from at least one touch sensor among touch sensors included in a plurality of touch screen blocks into which an area of the touch screen is divided; and detecting a touch position in the detected touch screen block on the basis of a signal of a touch sensor included in the detected touch screen block. Thus, compared to an existing method of processing a signal by reading measurement values of all measurement sensors, the invention enables fast signal processing, thereby reducing measurement signal processing time for measuring a touch position of a touch screen.

Abstract: Disclosed is a flash memory using fringing effects and an electrostatic shielding function. A gap between adjacent gate stacks is controlled by fringing effects, and an operation of each of the gate stacks is electrostatically shielded by a gate electrode extending to a tunneling insulation layer. Thus, coupling between the adjacent gate stacks is minimized by electrostatic shielding.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a touch screen panel and to an image display device including same. The touch screen panel comprises: a first sensing wire pattern layer in which a plurality of first sensing wire pattern lines are formed in a first diagonal direction; a second sensing wire pattern layer in which a plurality of second sensing wire pattern lines are formed in a second diagonal direction so as to form a preset angle with the first sensing wires; and an insulation layer for providing insulation between the 1st sensing wire pattern layer and the 2nd sensing wire pattern layer. Since capacitive touch sensing wire pattern lines are disposed diagonally with a certain angle therebetween, the number of wires arranged on the major axis of the bezel of the touch screen panel can be reduced when compared to the resolution of touch screen panels of prior art in which the arrangement is perpendicular.

Abstract: A parking brake system that uses a locking device to maintain a parking release condition may include a control lever that may be rotatably connected to the exterior of a transmission, a shift cable that may be rotatably connected to an end of the control lever, the locking device that may be connected to the other end of the shift cable and selectively maintains the parking release condition, and a parking device that includes a piston member in a cylinder and that may be connected to the end of the control lever and uses hydraulic pressure to move the control lever and the shift cable such that the parking release condition may be maintained.