Abstract: Disclosed are a method for manufacturing a high-performance indoor photovoltaic cell using self-assembled monolayers and an indoor photovoltaic cell manufactured thereby. According to the present invention, provided is an indoor photovoltaic cell including: a transparent lower electrode passing through indoor light; a self-assembled single-layer based ultra thin 2PACz layer formed on the lower electrode with a predetermined thickness; an organic semiconductor layer formed on the 2PACz layer by mixing materials for forming a donor layer and an acceptor layer, and 2PACz, generating an exciton by the indoor light, and separating the exciton into a positive charge and a negative charge; and an upper electrode absorbing the negative charge.

Abstract: An apparatus for predicting a traffic speed and a method thereof are provided. The apparatus includes an input device that receives traffic speed sequences of a plurality of links and a controller that detects a spatio-temporal relationship between traffic speeds of the plurality of links and predicts a future traffic speed of a target link based on the spatio-temporal relationship between the traffic speeds of the plurality of links.

Abstract: Disclosed is a motor driving apparatus including: a motor; an inverter including a switching element for driving the motor; a controller for controlling the switching element; a resolver including an excitation winding and a detection winding; and a resolver chip applying an excitation signal to the excitation winding by inputting a periodic signal from the controller, and receiving a feedback signal from the detection winding, wherein the resolver chip determines the number of rotations of the motor based on a change in a pulse width of a detection signal resulting from a comparison between a voltage of the feedback signal and a preset voltage, and output a signal to the inverter for setting an inertial driving control mode according to the number of rotations of the motor in a failure state of the controller.

Abstract: A quantum dot including a core including a semiconductor nanocrystal including a Group III-V compound; and a first semiconductor nanocrystal shell disposed on the semiconductor nanocrystal core, the first semiconductor nanocrystal shell including zinc, selenium, and optionally sulfur, and a second semiconductor nanocrystal shell disposed on the first semiconductor nanocrystal shell, the second semiconductor nanocrystal shell including zinc, sulfur, and optionally selenium, wherein the quantum dot does not include cadmium, an emission peak wavelength of the quantum dot is in a range of about 500 nanometers (nm) to about 550 nm, and an ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum of the quantum dot includes a first exciton absorption peak and a second exciton absorption peak, a composition including the same, a composite, and an electronic device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and system for providing language learning services. The method of providing language learning services, according to the present invention, the method may include: activating, in response to receiving an input for acquiring a learning target image through a user terminal, a camera of the user terminal; specifying at least a portion of an image taken by the camera as the learning target image; receiving language learning information for the learning target image from a server; providing the language learning information to the user terminal; and storing, based on a request for storing of the language learning information, the language learning information in association with the learning target image, such that the learning target image is used in conjunction with learning of the language learning information.

Abstract: A semiconductor device and a method of fabricating the same are provided. According to the present invention, a semiconductor device comprises an active region formed in a substrate, and including flat surfaces and hole-shaped recess portions; upper-level plugs disposed over the flat surfaces; a spacer disposed between the upper-level plugs and providing a trench exposing the hole-shaped recess portions; a lower-level plug filling the hole-shaped recess portions; and a buried conductive line disposed over the lower-level plug and partially filling the trench.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a DC-DC converter, a vehicle, and a control method including the same, and more particularly, to a DC-DC converter, a vehicle, and a control method including the same capable of effectively detecting and responding to an interlock failure of a connector.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes an outer housing that comprises a first surface facing a first direction, a second surface facing a second direction opposite to the first direction, and a side surface surrounding a space between the first surface and the second surface, a display adapted to expose at least a portion of the display through the first surface of the outer housing, a PCB arranged between the second surface and the display in an interior of the outer housing, a communication circuit arranged on or over the PCB, a first conductive structure formed of at least one of the first surface or at least a portion of the side surface is electrically connected to the communication circuit, and a second conductive structure formed of the portion of the display electrically connected to the first conductive structure.

Abstract: A refrigerator may include a storage compartment, an inner door which comprises an opening having a size corresponding to a size of the storage compartment, a plurality of door guards, and an outer door which open and close the storage compartment, wherein the inner door comprises a control unit may control an internal environment of the storage compartment.

Abstract: A direct current to direct current (DC-DC) converter, a vehicle including the converter, and a controlling method thereof are proposed. The DC-DC converter is capable of efficiently detecting and responding to miscoupling of a connector. The DC-DC converter includes a first inlet corresponding to a first DC terminal, a transformation circuit connected to the first DC terminal and a second DC terminal while being located therebetween, and a converter controller, wherein when receiving a voltage command corresponding to the first DC terminal from an external controller, the converter controller is configured to determine whether or not a connector coupled to the first inlet is miscoupled thereto based on whether or not a voltage of the first DC terminal follows the voltage command.

Abstract: A DC-DC converter, a vehicle including the converter, and a controlling method thereof are provided. The DC-DC converter includes a first capacitor connected to a first DC terminal, a second capacitor connected to a second DC terminal, a plurality of converting circuits each including at least an inductor and a plurality of switching elements, and connected to each other in parallel between the first capacitor and the second capacitor, and a controller configured to control an ON/OFF state of the plurality of switching elements provided of each of the converting circuits. When external power connection with respect to each of the first DC terminal and the second DC terminal is disconnected, the controller is configured to control states of the plurality of switching elements to sequentially provide a plurality of different discharge paths between opposite terminals of the second capacitor via the plurality of converting circuits.

Abstract: Variable resistance elements and semiconductor devices including the variable resistance elements are disclosed. In some implementations, a variable resistance element may include a variable resistance element may include a free layer having a variable magnetization direction that switches between different magnetization directions upon application of a magnetic field, a pinned layer having a fixed magnetization direction, and a tunnel barrier layer interposed between the free layer and the pinned layer and including a metal chalcogenide having a cubic crystal structure.

Abstract: A vehicle is provided that includes a DC converter having a first end connected to a fuel cell, a second end connected to a high-voltage battery, and at least one switching element connected between the first end and the second end, a fuel cell control unit which controls an activation state of a running command for start of the fuel cell based on an on-off state of vehicle start, and a converter controller which controls a running state of the DC converter according to an initial start sequence, a shutdown sequence, or a restart sequence for the fuel cell based on the activation state of the running command.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a multilayer metal plate by electroplating includes a first forming operation of forming one of a first metal layer and a second metal layer on a substrate by electroplating, wherein the second metal layer is less recrystallized than the first metal layer, the second metal layer is comprised of nanometer-size grains, and the second metal layer has a higher level of tensile strength than the first metal layer; and a second forming operation of forming, by electroplating, a third metal layer not formed in the first forming operation on a surface of one of the first metal layer and the second metal layer formed in the first forming operation.

Abstract: A quantum dot including a core that includes a first semiconductor nanocrystal including zinc and selenium, and optionally sulfur and/or tellurium, and a shell that includes a second semiconductor nanocrystal including zinc, and at least one of sulfur or selenium is disclosed. The quantum dot has an average particle diameter of greater than or equal to about 13 nm, an emission peak wavelength in a range of about 440 nm to about 470 nm, and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of an emission wavelength of less than about 25 nm. A method for preparing the quantum dot, a quantum dot-polymer composite including the quantum dot, and an electronic device including the quantum dot is also disclosed.

Abstract: Various example embodiments provide a transfer hand for transferring a substrate. The transfer hand for transferring the substrate comprises: a body; and a vacuum assembly installed in the body and providing decompression to the bottom surface of a substrate to support the substrate at the upper part of the body; wherein the vacuum assembly comprises: an vacuum pad with conductivity contacting the substrate; and a sealing member provided between the vacuum pad and the body, the sealing member electrically connected to the vacuum pad; wherein the sealing member is grounded.

Abstract: An manufacturing method of a display device may include the following steps: forming a transistor on a substrate; forming an insulating layer on the transistor; forming a conductive layer including silver on the insulating layer; forming a photosensitive member on the conductive layer; forming an electrode of a light-emitting element by etching the conductive layer; performing plasma treatment on a structure that comprises the electrode, the plasma treatment using a gas including a halogen; and removing a product that is resulted from the plasma treatment.

Abstract: A sidestream smoke removal device and a control method thereof are provided. The sidestream smoke removal device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure may include a housing in which a smoking space is formed, an article insertion portion which is disposed at one end of the housing and forms an opening for insertion of a smoking article into the smoking space, an ignition portion which is configured to ignite the smoking article inserted into the smoking space, a sidestream smoke processing portion which is configured to process sidestream smoke generated from the smoking article inserted into the smoking space, and a heating portion disposed inside the housing to heat the smoking space. The heating portion may heat the smoking space to remove a smell generated due to by-products of smoking, and accordingly, the cleanliness of the sidestream smoke removal device can be improved.

Abstract: A printed circuit board includes a first substrate portion including a plurality of first insulating layers, a plurality of first wiring layers respectively disposed on the plurality of first insulating layers, and a plurality of first adhesive layers respectively disposed between the plurality of first insulating layers to respectively cover the plurality of first wiring layers; and a second substrate portion disposed on the first substrate portion, and including a plurality of second insulating layers, a plurality of second wiring layers respectively disposed on the plurality of second insulating layers, and a plurality of second adhesive layers respectively disposed between the plurality of second insulating layers to respectively cover the plurality of second wiring layers.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an image decoding method, the method including generating a candidate list including motion information derived from a spatial neighboring block and a temporal neighboring block adjacent to a current block; deriving motion information of the current block using the candidate list; generating a prediction block of the current block using the derived motion information; and updating the derived motion information in a motion information list, wherein the generating of the candidate list is performed in such a manner as to include at least one information of the motion information included in the updated motion information list in a block decoded before the current block.