Abstract: A cylinder head cooling system may include a main water jacket formed on a cylinder head, an exhaust port formed on the cylinder head, and an exhaust port water jacket formed to cool the exhaust port, wherein, the exhaust port water jacket includes an inlet that communicates with the main water jacket and a plurality of outlets separated from the main water jacket.

Abstract: Provided are a porous structure and a method of fabricating the same. The porous structure may include an aluminum oxide containing at least one of fluorine and phenyl group. For example, the porous structure may be formed from alumina which contains fluorine or phenyl group. The method of fabricating the porous structure may include preparing an aluminum precursor including at least one of fluorine and phenyl group; providing a precursor solution by mixing the precursor with a solvent; and forming the porous structure having 3-dimensional network structure including the aluminum oxide containing the at least one of fluorine and phenyl group from the precursor solution through gelation.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus of a piston according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may include a piston configured to be formed with a cooling gallery, an inlet fluidly communicated with the cooling gallery, and an outlet fluidly communicated with the cooling gallery, therein, a first oil jet configured to inject cooling oil into the inlet, and a second oil jet configured to inject cooling oil into the outlet.

Abstract: Disclosed is a control system for a fuel cell system that includes at least two or more fuel cell groups which each have at least one fuel cell connected in parallel. The fuel cell control system comprises: a unit level controller configured to control an output of an individual fuel cell; a group level controller configured to determine the output distribution of the individual fuel cells within the fuel cell group based on the performance decrease rates of the individual fuel cells within the fuel cell group; and a system level controller configured to determine the total output of the fuel cell system according to the power demand for the grid and determine the output distribution for each of the fuel cell groups in correspondence to the total output.

Abstract: Disclosed is a display device. The display device includes a substrate having an active area and a non-active area, a thin film transistor arranged on the active area of the substrate, at least two planarization layers arranged on the thin film transistor, signal links arranged on the non-active area of the substrate, and an outer cover layer spaced apart from the at least two planarization layers and configured to overlap upper and side surfaces of the signal links, thus preventing or reducing damage to the signal links.

Abstract: A water decomposition device may include a hydrogen-generating electrode including a first external electrode and at least one first internal electrode formed integrally with the first external electrode, and an oxygen-generating electrode including a second external electrode and at least one second internal electrode formed integrally with the second external electrode. The first external electrode and the second external electrode are disposed to face each other, and the first internal electrode and the second internal electrode are disposed alternately in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction thereof. Therefore, the water decomposition device may secure both transparency and durability even when an opaque material is used therefor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a display device. The display device includes a substrate having an active area and a non-active area, a thin film transistor arranged on the active area of the substrate, at least two planarization layers arranged on the thin film transistor, signal links arranged on the non-active area of the substrate, and an outer cover layer spaced apart from the at least two planarization layers and configured to overlap upper and side surfaces of the signal links, thus preventing or reducing damage to the signal links.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus of a piston according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may include a piston configured to be formed with a cooling gallery, an inlet fluidly communicated with the cooling gallery, and an outlet fluidly communicated with the cooling gallery, therein, a first oil jet configured to inject cooling oil into the inlet, and a second oil jet configured to inject cooling oil into the outlet.

Abstract: A spark plug for increasing a combustion speed of a gasoline engine may include electrodes of a spark plug, which ignite a mixture of fuel and air in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, wherein the electrodes of a spark plug are positioned at a position where a flow velocity is high, and one end portion of a body of the spark plug and an end portion of a cylinder head on which the spark plug is disposed are positioned on a diagonal line to induce a tumble flow downward and allow a flame generated at the spark plug to expand toward a center portion of the combustion chamber where turbulent flow energy is high, such that both an initial combustion speed and a main combustion speed are high.

Abstract: Germanium-centered dendrimer compounds and organic optoelectronic devices comprising the same are provided. The organic optoelectronic device comprising the compound is capable of implementing high light-emitting ability and light-emitting efficiency, and improving thermal stability (heat resistance) of the organic optoelectronic devices, thereby increasing the lifetime thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a control system for a fuel cell system that includes at least two or more fuel cell groups which each have at least one fuel cell connected in parallel. The fuel cell control system comprises: a unit level controller configured to control an output of an individual fuel cell; a group level controller configured to determine the output distribution of the individual fuel cells within the fuel cell group based on the performance decrease rates of the individual fuel cells within the fuel cell group; and a system level controller configured to determine the total output of the fuel cell system according to the power demand for the grid and determine the output distribution for each of the fuel cell groups in correspondence to the total output.

Abstract: An engine with a reduced cooling loss, may include a cylinder block, a piston and a cylinder head, wherein the engine displacement chamber is 300cc-700cc and an entire combustion chamber volume including a first volume of the cylinder block and a second volume of the cylinder head is defined between an inner surface of the cylinder head, a distal end of an intake valve mounted in the cylinder head when the intake valve is closed, and an upper surface of the piston positioned at a top-dead center of the engine in the cylinder block, wherein a compression ratio between an engine displacement chamber and the entire combustion chamber is 10.0 or more:1, and wherein the second volume of the cylinder head is 40%-70% of the entire combustion chamber volume.

Abstract: A spark plug for increasing a combustion speed of a gasoline engine may include electrodes of a spark plug, which ignite a mixture of fuel and air in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, wherein the electrodes of a spark plug are positioned at a position where a flow velocity is high, and one end portion of a body of the spark plug and an end portion of a cylinder head on which the spark plug is disposed are positioned on a diagonal line to induce a tumble flow downward and allow a flame generated at the spark plug to expand toward a center portion of the combustion chamber where turbulent flow energy is high, such that both an initial combustion speed and a main combustion speed are high.

Abstract: A reforming system may include an engine; an intake line connected to the engine; an exhaust line connected to the engine; a reformer provided at an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) line diverging from the exhaust line and mixing the exhaust gas with fuel; a front end pressure sensor provided at the EGR line of the front end portion of the reformer and measuring pressure of the exhaust gas of the front end portion of the reformer; a rear end pressure sensor provided at the EGR line of the rear end portion of the reformer and measuring pressure of the exhaust gas of the rear end portion of the reformer; and a reforming controller configured for determining whether reforming continues on the basis of a pressure difference between the front end portion and the rear end portion of the reformer measured by the front end and the rear end sensors.

Abstract: A fuel injection control method includes measuring EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) rate through a CO2 sensor measuring the amount of CO2 entering the intake side of the engine, setting an optimum SCR (Steam to Carbon Ratio) value based on the measured EGR rate, calculating the amount of steam supplied to the engine based on the measured EGR rate, calculating an actual SCR value by the ratio of the steam amount and the carbon component of the fuel supplied to the engine, comparing the actual SCR value with the optimum SCR value, calculating the SCR difference value by subtracting the optimum SCR value from the actual SCR value if the actual SCR value is greater than the optimum SCR value, calculating an additional fuel amount to be added based on the SCR difference value, and injecting fuel to the fuel reformer based on the calculated additional fuel amount.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte CO2 sensor may include a solid electrolyte bonded to a substrate to join and seal the substrate, a sensing electrode formed at a first side of the solid electrolyte, and a reference electrode formed between a second side of the solid electrolyte and one surface of the substrate, and sealed by the solid electrolyte and the substrate.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte-type CO2 sensor having a reduced influence from volatile organic compounds (VOCs), includes: a solid electrolyte; a reference electrode which is formed at one side of the solid electrolyte; a detecting electrode of which one side is joined and which is formed at the other side of the solid electrolyte; a substrate which is formed at the other side of the reference electrode; and an oxidation catalyst which is formed at the other side of the detecting electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a display device. The display device includes a substrate having an active area and a non-active area, a thin film transistor arranged on the active area of the substrate, at least two planarization layers arranged on the thin film transistor, signal links arranged on the non-active area of the substrate, and an outer cover layer spaced apart from the at least two planarization layers and configured to overlap upper and side surfaces of the signal links, thus preventing or reducing damage to the signal links.

Abstract: A fuel reforming system may include an engine combusting reformed gas to generate mechanical power; an intake line connected to the engine to supply reformed gas and air to the engine; an exhaust line connected to the engine to circulate exhaust gas exhausted from the engine; a fuel reformer provided at an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) line diverging from the exhaust line, mixing the EGR gas passing through the EGR line with the fuel and reforming the fuel mixed in the EGR gas; and an EGR flow controller determining a target opening degree of a flow rate control valve according to engine running condition, whether or not in a reforming running condition, required amount of EGR gas along to running condition, and controlling opening degree of the flow rate control valve on a basis of the target opening degree.

Abstract: A combustion of an engine include: an intake valve; a diameter formed by a point of contact between the intake valve and a valve seat; a diameter of an intake valve head; and a diameter of an imaginary extension line extended from the inner lower end portion of a cylinder head. In particular, a diameter formed by the point of contact between the intake valve and the valve seat and the diameter of the intake valve head may have a diameter difference less than or equal to a constant value, and the diameter of the intake valve head and the diameter of the imaginary extension line extended from the inner lower end portion of the cylinder head may be maintained by a diameter difference greater than or equal to a constant value after the valve seat is worn.