Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of detecting defects of a fuel cell membrane-electrode assembly which comprises a gas diffusion layer, a catalyst layer and an electrolyte membrane. The method includes steps of: supplying gas to a first side of the membrane-electrode assembly; deducing a pressure of the supplied gas and a permeation rate of the gas permeating to a second side of the membrane-electrode assembly and then deducing an interface pressure between the electrolyte membrane and the gas diffusion layer of the membrane-electrode assembly using the deduced pressure of the supplied gas and the permeation rate; calculating a gas permeability of the electrolyte membrane using the deduced values of the pressure of the supplied gas and the permeation rate and a predetermined outlet pressure at the second side of the membrane-electrode assembly; and determining a defect state of the electrolyte membrane using a variation in the calculated gas permeability according to a change in the pressure of the supplied gas.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for measuring a position of a mobile terminal. A first position is calculated by using a GPS signal. A visible light communication mode of the mobile terminal is activated, when the first position exceeds a predetermined error range. Visible light communication device position information is received. A third position is calculated by using a second position, which corresponds to a position prior to the first position, and the visible light communication device position information.

Abstract: This disclosure synthesizes an anodic composite material Li(LixNiyCozMnwO2+?) of Li2MnO3 series whose theoretical capacity is a level of about 460 mAh/g, and to produce an electrode of a high capacity using the synthesized anodic composite material. Also provided is a method for charging and discharging the electrode. Here, the method for producing an anodic composite material for a lithium secondary battery includes the steps of: mixing a nickel nitrate solution, a manganese nitrate solution, and a cobalt nitrate solution to produce a starting material solution; and mixing the starting material solution with a complexing agent so as to produce an anodic composite material Li(LixNiyCozMnwO2+?) of Li2MnO3 series by means of coprecipitation.

Abstract: A sensorless control method for a motor performed by a sensorless controller including a back electromotive force (EMF) observer and a phase locked loop (PLL) controller, includes: estimating a back EMF of the motor using the back EMF observer; calculating an electrical angle error in accordance with iron loss of the motor based on the estimated back EMF; and compensating for the calculated electrical angle error, inputting the compensated electrical angle error into the PLL controller to estimate an actual angle, and controlling the motor based on the estimated actual angle.

Abstract: A molten glass discharging device provided in the bottom of a melting furnace of a waste vitrification apparatus so that the device can control the melting or cooling of a molten material. The molten glass discharging device, which is provided in the bottom of the furnace and controls discharging of a molten material, includes: an induction heating unit (110) having a discharging passage (10) along a discharging port formed in the bottom of the melting furnace; an induction coil (120) provided outside the induction heating unit (110); and a cooling unit (130) supporting the induction heating unit (110) and having a cooling conduit through which a cooling fluid circulates. The device can realize repeated discharging of the molten material by induction heating or cooling of the induction heating unit. Further, even when glass is adhered to the discharging port, the adhered glass can be easily discharged from the furnace.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a semiconductor device includes forming an inter-metal dielectric layer including a first trench and a second trench which are spaced from each other on a substrate, forming a first dielectric layer along the sides and bottom of the first trench, forming a second dielectric layer along the sides and bottom of the second trench, forming first and second lower conductive layers on the first and second dielectric layers, respectively, forming first and second capping layers on the first and second lower conductive layer, respectively, performing a heat treatment after the first and second capping layers have been formed, removing the first and second capping layers and the first and second lower conductive layers after performing the heat treatment, and forming first and second metal gate structures on the first and second dielectric layers, respectively.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device with metal gates including diffusion barrier layers and fabricating methods thereof are provided. The device may include a gate insulating film, a first conductivity type work function regulating film on the gate insulating film and a metal gate pattern on the first conductivity type work function regulating film. The device may include a cobalt film between the gate insulating film and the metal gate pattern to reduce diffusion from the metal gate pattern into the gate insulating film.

Abstract: The present invention features a pinhole detection system of a fuel cell that preferably includes a stage on which a fuel cell element unit is disposed to be detected, a drive portion that is configured to move the stage so as to rotate the fuel cell element unit, a X-ray source that is disposed at one side of the stage to apply X-ray to the fuel cell element unit that rotates, an image detector that detects X-ray penetrating the fuel cell element unit, and a computer tomography that reconstructs tormogram that is detected by the image detector to a three dimension. Preferably, the fuel cell element unit is rotated on the stage, X-ray is applied to the rotating unit to gain the tomogram thereof, and the tomogram is reconstructed to be a three-dimensional image through a computerized tomography (CT scanning) such that the pinhole formed within the unit can be effectively detected.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate including a first active region, a second active region and a field region between the first and second active regions, and a gate structure formed on the substrate to cross the first active region, the second active region and the field region. The gate structure includes a p type metal gate electrode and an n-type metal gate electrode directly contacting each other, the p-type metal gate electrode extends from the first active region less than half way toward the second active region.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are implemented to cause a first contact event between a slider and a magnetic recording medium at a first operating temperature, the slider comprising at least a writer, a writer heater, a reader, and a reader heater. Methods and apparatuses are implemented to cause a second contact event between the slider and the medium at a second operating temperature different from the first operating temperature, determine a flying height displacement of the slider for the contact events, and optionally store the flying height displacement.

Abstract: A variable capsule-shaped hot-air bath apparatus, includes: a first hot-air bath including a first cover covering and protecting an upper part thereof, a first film heater attached to a lower part of the first cover, a first frame attached and fixed to a circumference of one side of the lower part of the first cover and formed in a U-shape, legs coupled to the lower part of one side of the first frame, and wheels coupled to lower parts of the legs; and a second hot-air bath including a second cover covering and protecting an upper part thereof, a second film heater attached to a lower part of the second cover, a second frame attached and fixed to a circumference of one side of the lower part of the second cover, rail parts mounted on and fixed to inner sides of both sides of the second frame for smooth movement.

Abstract: A semiconductor nanocrystal-polymer micronized composite that includes: at least one semiconductor nanocrystal; and a polymer surrounding the at least one semiconductor nanocrystal, wherein the polymer includes at least one functional group reactive with the semiconductor nanocrystal, and wherein the semiconductor nanocrystal-polymer micronized composite has a particle diameter of less than or equal to about 70 micrometers (?m) with a standard deviation of less than or equal to about 20 micrometers (?m), and an aspect ratio of more than about 1.0 and less than or equal to about 10.

Abstract: Provided are graphic processing method and apparatus. The graphic processing method receives an image divided into a plurality of primitives to generate one tree structured display list for a plurality of tiles by connecting the divided primitive with at least one next primitive to be rendered. According to the present invention, since one display list is generated and used for the entire screen or a plurality of tiles, the present invention is efficient in the aspect to a memory usage.

Abstract: A system, method, and apparatus are provided for establishing a wireless network connection between a mobile terminal and an electronic apparatus by using a near field communication network. At least one electronic apparatus is connected to the near field communication network. A mobile terminal is connected to the near field communication network, exchanges information with the at least one electronic apparatus for a wireless communication network connection through the connected near field communication network, and establishes the wireless communication network connection with the at least one electronic apparatus based on the exchanged information.

Abstract: A wireless charging method includes searching one or more rechargeable electronic devices, receiving power service information from one or more searched electronic devices, determining whether the one or more searched electronic devices are rechargeable based on the received power service information, and if the one or more searched electronic devices are rechargeable, receiving power from the electronic devices.

Abstract: The present invention is to solve the problems described above and to provide the plasma torch nozzle of graphite material coupled to the front electrode of the plasma torch by bolts. To achieve the object of the invention, the plasma torch nozzle according to this invention is characterized by that the torch nozzle is fixedly coupled to the front electrode of the plasma torch by one or more bolts.

Abstract: A clutch actuator for a vehicle includes a lifting member having a first end connected to a power generator, a middle portion provided with a hinge point, and a second end formed with an inclined plane, the lifting member being linearly moved by receiving a power from the power generator; a guide member provided at one side of the second end of the lifting member to rotate the second end of the lifting member around the hinge point as the lifting member is linearly moved while the inclined planes are supported; and a lever provided at one side of the lifting member and having a first end thereof supported by a clutch housing and a second end rotating around the first end by being pressed by the lifting member according to the movement/rotation of the lifting member, to engage with or release a clutch.

Abstract: A method for winding a coil on an object, wherein the coil includes a plurality of first coils and a plurality of second coils, may have winding the first coils on an exterior circumferences of the second coils, wherein an outer circumferences of the respective second coil is enclosed and in contact with outer circumference of at least three first coils, and wherein cross-sectional area of the second coil is smaller than that of the first coil, and wherein the outer circumference of the at least three first coils are in contact each other.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a foldable emergency road sign which includes a bar-shaped handle, a hollow shaft connected to the bar-shaped handle, a spring pipe, the spring pipe having a hole through which the hollow shaft is inserted, a plurality of bodies connected to the spring pipe, wherein the plurality of bodies can be folded or unfolded to have a triangular pyramid shape or a quadrangular pyramid shape, and a light emitting unit attached at regular intervals to one side of the plurality of bodies.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a fastening structure which enables objects to be easily coupled to or removed from each other, and which enables the relative positions between the objects to be changed in the longitudinal position of zipper rails. The fastening structure includes a first zipper rail unit which is provided on a planar portion of a first object and has zipper rails arranged parallel to each other, and a second zipper rail unit which is provided on a planar portion of a second object and has zipper rails arranged parallel to each other. While the zipper rails of the first zipper rail unit are individually coupled to the corresponding zipper rails of the second zipper rail unit in a female-male engagement manner, relative positions between the first object and the second object can be changed in the longitudinal direction of the zipper rails.