Abstract: Provided herein are methods and systems for detecting biomolecular binding events using gigahertz or terahertz radiation. The methods and systems use low-energy spectroscopy to detect biomolecular binding events between molecules in an aqueous solution. The detected biomolecular binding events include, for example, nucleic acid hybridizations, antibody/antigen binding, and receptor/ligand binding.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to integrated chemiluminescence devices and methods for monitoring molecular binding utilizing these devices and methods. These devices and methods can be used, for example, to identify antigen binding to antibodies. The devices include both a chemiluminescence material and a detector integrated together.

Abstract: The embodiments of the invention are directed to improved SERS and SECARS devices and method of manufacturing and using the same. In one embodiment of the invention, a device having at least one laser, a sample stage and a detector, wherein the sample stage is moveable and has as SERS active material is disclosed. In another embodiment of the invention, the device has at least one laser, a scanning mirror, a sample stage having a SERS active material and a detector, wherein the scanning mirror is adapted to steer a laser beam across a surface of the sample stage.

Abstract: A device (and methods of using and manufacturing the device) that utilize a plurality of photomultipliers (PMT)s or a photodiodes coupled with a set of filters to collect Raman signal from samples. Also a method of detecting Raman signals includes receiving Raman signals from a sample utilizing a plurality of photomultiplier tubes (PMT)s or photodiodes, wherein at least one PMT or photodiode provides a different Raman signal than at least one other PMT or photodiode.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to integrated chemiluminescence devices and methods for monitoring molecular binding utilizing these devices and methods. These devices and methods can be used, for example, to identify antigen binding to antibodies. The devices include both a chemiluminescence material and a detector integrated together.

Abstract: An instrument having an illumination source configured to illuminate a field of illumination on a surface of a substrate that is configured to hold a sample. The field of illumination typically has a diameter greater than 1 micron or an area greater than that of at least one pad of an array. The instrument also includes an interferometer, and a detectors. The instrument is configured to perform Fourier transform imaging without single spot scanning or without line scanning. Additionally, the instrument may include an illumination light source, an array detector and spectral processing electronics. A method of collecting Fourier transform (FT) data is also disclosed.

Abstract: The methods and apparatus disclosed herein concern nucleic acid sequencing by enhanced Raman spectroscopy. In certain embodiments of the invention, exonuclease treatment of the nucleic acids 109 results in the release of nucleotides 110. The nucleotides may pass from a reaction chamber 101 through a microfluidic channel 102 and enter a nanochannel or microchannel 103. The nanochannel or microchannel 103 may be packed with nanoparticle 111 aggregates containing hot spots for Raman detection. As the nucleotides 110 pass through the nanoparticle 111 hot spots, they may be detected by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS) and/or coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS). Identification of the sequence of nucleotides 110 released from the nucleic acid 109 provides the nucleic acid sequence. Other embodiments of the invention concern apparatus 100 for nucleic acid sequencing.

Abstract: Method and device to collect multiplex data simultaneously in analyte detection and analyze the data by experimentally trained software (machine-learning) is disclosed. Various ways (magnetic particles and microcoils) are disclosed to collect multiple reporter (tag) signals. Multiplex detection can increase the biomolecule analysis efficiency by using small sample size and saving assay reagents and time. Machine learning and data analysis schemes are also disclosed. Multiple affinity binding partners, each labeled by a unique reporter, are contacted with a sample and a single spectrum is taken to detect multiple reporter signals. The spectrum is deconvoluted by experimentally trained software to identify multiple analytes.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods, apparatuses, and systems for performing nucleic acid sequencing reactions and molecular binding reactions in a microfluidic channel. The methods, apparatuses, and systems can include a restriction barrier to restrict movement of a particle to which a nucleic acid is attached. Furthermore, the methods, apparatuses, and systems can include hydrodynamic focusing of a delivery flow. In addition, the methods, apparatuses, and systems can reduce non-specific interaction with a surface of the microfluidic channel by providing a protective flow between the surface and a delivery flow.

Abstract: Method and device to collect multiplex data simultaneously in analyte detection and analyze the data by experimentally trained software (machine-learning) is disclosed. Various ways (magnetic particles and microcoils) are disclosed to collect multiple reporter (tag) signals. Multiplex detection can increase the biomolecule analysis efficiency by using small sample size and saving assay reagents and time. Machine learning and data analysis schemes are also disclosed. Multiple affinity binding partners, each labeled by a unique reporter, are contacted with a sample and a single spectrum is taken to detect multiple reporter signals. The spectrum is deconvoluted by experimentally trained software to identify multiple analytes.

Abstract: The present invention is based on the discovery that the methods described herein for the production of metallic colloids result in colloids exhibiting increased signal enhancement and reproducibility for the SERS detection of biomolecules. Thus, using the methods of the invention, a wide variety of biomolecules can be detected with a greater sensitivity and reliability.

Abstract: The present invention is based on the discovery that the methods described herein for the production of metallic colloids result in colloids exhibiting increased signal enhancement and reproducibility for the SERS detection of biomolecules. Thus, using the methods of the invention, a wide variety of biomolecules can be detected with a greater sensitivity and reliability.

Abstract: The present invention is based on the discovery that the methods described herein for the production of metallic colloids result in colloids exhibiting increased signal enhancement and reproducibility for the SERS detection of biomolecules. Thus, using the methods of the invention, a wide variety of biomolecules can be detected with a greater sensitivity and reliability.

Abstract: Method and device to collect multiplex data simultaneously in analyte detection and analyze the data by experimentally trained software (machine-learning) is disclosed. Various ways (magnetic particles and microcoils) are disclosed to collect multiple reporter (tag) signals. Multiplex detection can increase the biomolecule analysis efficiency by using small sample size and saving assay reagents and time. Machine learning and data analysis schemes are also disclosed. Multiple affinity binding partners, each labeled by a unique reporter, are contacted with a sample and a green spectrum is taken to detect multiple reporter signals. The spectrum is deconvoluted by experimentally trained software to identify multiple analytes.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide microfluidic devices having deformable polymer membranes as components. The devices can be fabricated from a single polymeric block. Actuation of the membranes within the device allows the fluid contained within a microfluidic channel to be manipulated. Exemplary microfluidic devices, such as, peristaltic pumps, sample sorters, and flow stabilizers are described.

Abstract: The invention provides methods used to analyze the contents of a biological sample, such as blood serum, with cascade Raman sensing. A fluorescence producing nanoporous biosensor having probes that bind specifically to known analytes is contacted with a biological sample and one or more bound complexes coupled to the porous semiconductor structure are formed. The bound complexes are contacted with a Raman-active probe that binds specifically to the bound complexes and the biosensor is illuminated to generate fluorescent emissions from the biosensor. These fluorescent emissions generate Raman signals from the bound complexes. The Raman signals produced by the bound complexes are detected and the Raman signal associated with a bound protein-containing analyte is indicative of the presence of the protein-containing compound in the sample. The invention methods are useful to provide a protein profile of a patient sample. The invention also provides detection systems useful to practice the invention methods.

Abstract: One embodiment relates to an analyzer having an interferometer, a detector and a microprocessor, wherein the analyzer does not contain a spectrometer having a dispersive grating, the interferometer is to create a phase shift in an original spectrum of electromagnetic radiation emitted from a sample and Fourier transform the original spectrum to a Fourier transform spectrum, the detector is to detect a characteristic of the Fourier transform spectrum, and the microprocessor comprises software or a hardware to inverse transform the Fourier transform spectrum and reproduce the original spectrum. Another embodiment relates to a Raman analyzer having an interferometer, wherein the Raman analyzer contains no dispersive grating or moving parts and has an ability to analyze a Raman signal. The embodiments of the invention could be used for analyzing a sample by striking a laser to the sample and examining the spectrum of the emitted electromagnetic radiation from the sample.

Abstract: The present invention is based on the discovery that the methods described herein for the production of metallic colloids result in colloids exhibiting increased signal enhancement and reproducibility for the SERS detection of biomolecules. Thus, using the methods of the invention, a wide variety of biomolecules can be detected with a greater sensitivity and reliability.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a miniaturized spectroscopy system comprising a light source fabricated from porous silicon. Porous silicon light emitting devices can provide tunable, narrow, and directional luminescence. Advantageously, a porous silicon light source can be integrated into a silicon wafer based device thus simplifying the manufacture of a miniaturized spectros copy system and lab-on-a-chip type devices employing spectroscopic detection.

Abstract: Devices and methods for isolating, detecting, and positioning single polymeric molecules without the need for expensive equipment are provided. The disclosed devices and methods allow for a molecule to be quickly and efficiently transported to a specific sub-micron area. Such devices are useful, for instance, for performing analyses in which the sequence of a polymer of interest is determined.