Abstract: A battery management apparatus includes a first relay configured to connect a first end of a battery pack to a first end of a load, a second relay configured to connect a second end of the battery pack to a second end of the load, a sensor configured to measure a voltage of the battery pack and a voltage of the load, and a controller configured to control operations of the first relay and the second relay and receive a measurement of the voltage of the battery pack or the voltage of the load based on the operations of the first relay and the second relay.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a first lens group having a first group of lenses. A foremost lens of the first group of lenses is a lens closest to an object side and has a positive refractive power. The optical imaging system also includes a second lens group having a second group of lenses. A rearmost lens of the second group of lenses is a lens closest to an imaging plane and has convex surfaces. The first and second lens groups are sequentially disposed from the object side to an imaging plane. An expression TL/f1<2.0 is satisfied, where TL represents a distance from an object-side surface of the foremost lens to the imaging plane and f1 represents a focal length of the foremost lens.

Abstract: A zoom optical system includes a first lens group, a position of which with respect to an imaging plane is adjustable, and including first and second lenses. The zoom optical system also includes a second lens group of which a position with respect to the imaging plane is adjustable and includes third to fifth lenses. The zoom optical system further includes a third lens group including a sixth lens. An object-side surface of the first lens is convex.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth lenses each having a refractive power. The first to sixth lenses are sequentially disposed in ascending numerical order along an optical axis of the optical imaging system from an object side of the optical imaging system toward an imaging plane of the optical imaging system, and are the only lenses having a refractive power in the optical imaging system. A radius of curvature of an object-side surface of the fourth lens at the optical axis is greater than a radius of curvature of an object-side surface of the second lens at the optical axis and a radius of curvature of an image-side surface of the second lens at the optical axis. A thickness of the third lens is greater than a distance from an image-side surface of the third lens to the object-side surface of the fourth lens.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a first lens having an object-side surface that is convex; a second lens having a refractive power; a third lens having a refractive power; a fourth lens having a refractive power; a fifth lens having a refractive power and an object-side surface that is concave; and a sixth lens having a refractive power and an object-side surface that is concave, wherein the first lens through the sixth lens are sequentially disposed in numerical order from an object side of the optical imaging system toward an imaging plane, and the optical imaging system satisfies the conditional expressions 0.7<TL/f<1.0 and TL/2<f1, where TL is a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens to the imaging plane, f is an overall focal length of the optical imaging system, and f1 is a focal length of the first lens.

Abstract: Discussed is a battery device that includes: a battery pack including battery cells; a battery disconnect unit (BDU) including high voltage operation elements connected to the battery pack and to monitor a battery pack current flowing in the battery pack; and a battery pack control module (BPCM) to diagnose a state of the battery pack based on a battery state information indicating the state of the battery pack and transmit control instructions to the BDU based on a diagnosis result. The BDU includes: a current measuring unit to measure the battery pack current based on a result of detecting the battery pack current; a high voltage measuring unit to measure the battery pack voltage of the battery pack; an insulation resistance measuring unit to measure an insulation resistance of the battery pack; and a power DC-DC unit to generate a power voltage required for operation of the BDU.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a steady state positive voltage (PVS) signal and a steady state negative voltage (NVS) signal is presented. The apparatus includes a bias signal generation module for generating a steady state reference voltage signal (RVS) based on a varying supply voltage signal (VDD), the RVS having a voltage level less than the PVS. The apparatus further includes a positive signal generation module (PSGM) generating the PVS, the PSGM including a first capacitor, the PSGM employing the first capacitor to generate a portion of the PVS based on the RVS. The apparatus further includes a negative signal generation module (NSGM) generating the NVS, the NSGM including a second capacitor, the NSGM employing the second capacitor to generate a portion of the NVS based on the RVS.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, and a fifth lens sequentially disposed from the first lens to the fifth lens from an object-side of the imaging system to an image-side of the imaging system and each having refractive power. The fourth lens has a convex object-side surface and an expression 0.7<TL/f<1.0 is satisfied, where TL is a distance from an object-side surface of the first lens to an imaging plane, and f is an overall focal length of the optical imaging system.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a first lens having positive refractive power, a second lens having a refractive power, a third lens having a refractive power, a fourth lens having positive refractive power, a fifth lens having a refractive power, and a sixth lens having positive refractive power. The first to the sixth lenses are sequentially disposed from an object side to an imaging plane. An expression 0.7<TL/f<1.0 is satisfied, where TL represents a distance from an object-side surface of the first lens to the imaging plane and f is an overall focal length of the optical imaging system.

Abstract: A zoom optical system includes a first lens group, a position of which with respect to an imaging plane is adjustable, and including first and second lenses. The zoom optical system also includes a second lens group of which a position with respect to the imaging plane is adjustable and includes third to fifth lenses. The zoom optical system further includes a third lens group including a sixth lens. An object-side surface of the first lens is convex.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, and a fifth lens. The first lens has positive refractive power and a convex image-side surface. The second lens has negative refractive power. The third lens has negative refractive power. The fourth lens has negative refractive power and an inflection point formed on an image-side surface thereof. The fifth lens has positive refractive power and a convex image-side surface.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth lenses each having a refractive power. The first to sixth lenses are sequentially disposed in ascending numerical order along an optical axis of the optical imaging system from an object side of the optical imaging system toward an imaging plane of the optical imaging system, and are the only lenses having a refractive power in the optical imaging system. A radius of curvature of an object-side surface of the fourth lens at the optical axis is greater than a radius of curvature of an object-side surface of the second lens at the optical axis and a radius of curvature of an image-side surface of the second lens at the optical axis. A thickness of the third lens is greater than a distance from an image-side surface of the third lens to the object-side surface of the fourth lens.

Abstract: A first insulation resistance monitoring circuit includes a first resistor connected between a positive terminal of a battery pack and a node, and connected between the positive terminal of the battery pack and a ground terminal of an external device, and has a first monitoring terminal. A second insulation resistance monitoring circuit is connected between the ground terminal and the negative terminal of the battery pack, and has a second monitoring terminal. A voltage monitoring circuit is connected between the node and the negative terminal of the battery pack, and has a third monitoring terminal. A processor measures the voltage of the battery pack.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a first lens having an object-side surface that is convex; a second lens having a refractive power; a third lens having a refractive power; a fourth lens having a refractive power; a fifth lens having a refractive power and an object-side surface that is concave; and a sixth lens having a refractive power and an object-side surface that is concave, wherein the first lens through the sixth lens are sequentially disposed in numerical order from an object side of the optical imaging system toward an imaging plane, and the optical imaging system satisfies the conditional expressions 0.7<TL/f<1.0 and TL/2<f1, where TL is a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens to the imaging plane, f is an overall focal length of the optical imaging system, and f1 is a focal length of the first lens.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, and a fifth lens sequentially disposed from the first lens to the fifth lens from an object-side of the imaging system to an image-side of the imaging system and each having refractive power. The fourth lens has a convex object-side surface and an expression 0.7<TL/f<1.0 is satisfied, where TL is a distance from an object-side surface of the first lens to an imaging plane, and f is an overall focal length of the optical imaging system.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a plurality of lenses disposed along an optical axis, and a reflection member disposed to be closer to an object than all of the plurality of lenses and having a reflection surface configured to change a path of light. The plurality of lenses are spaced apart from each other by preset distances along the optical axis, and the condition 0.8<TTL/ft<1.1 is satisfied, where TTL is a distance from an object-side surface of a lens closest to the object among the plurality of lenses to an imaging plane of an image sensor, and ft is an overall focal length of an optical system including the plurality of lenses.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, and a fifth lens. The first lens has positive refractive power and a convex image-side surface. The second lens has negative refractive power. The third lens has negative refractive power. The fourth lens has negative refractive power and an inflection point formed on an image-side surface thereof. The fifth lens has positive refractive power and a convex image-side surface.

Abstract: The first battery module and the second battery module are connected by a bus-bar. A cell voltage sensing circuit shared by at least some battery cells of the first battery module and at least some battery cells of the second battery module measures a voltage of each battery cell.

Abstract: Provided is an insulation resistance measuring device for measuring a positive insulation resistor disposed between a positive electrode of a battery pack and a ground and a negative insulation resistor disposed between the ground and a negative electrode of the battery pack, the insulation resistance measuring device including: first and second resistors connected in series between the positive electrode of the battery pack and the ground; third and fourth resistors connected in series between the ground and the negative electrode of the battery pack; an output terminal connected between the third and fourth resistors; and a switch connected between a contact between the first and second resistors and the negative electrode of the battery pack.

Abstract: There is provided an optical imaging system including a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, and a sixth lens. The first lens includes a negative refractive power and a concave object-side surface. The second lens includes a concave object-side surface. The fourth lens includes a negative refractive power. The sixth lens includes an inflection point formed on an image-side surface thereof. The first to sixth lenses are sequentially disposed from an object side toward an imaging plane.