Abstract: Implementations described herein generally relate to a method and apparatus for processing substrates in a processing system. The method includes identifying, in a buffer chamber coupled to a transfer chamber of a processing system, a first substrate that has been in the buffer chamber longer than a predetermined duration and identifying a first destination chamber of the processing system for the first substrate. After identifying the first substrate, a buffer chamber time-out operation is performed. The buffer time out operation includes suspending movement of substrates from a load lock chamber to the transfer chamber and removing the first substrate from the buffer chamber.

Abstract: A method and a graphics processing apparatus for processing texture in a graphics pipeline determine a rendering level of a dynamic texture based on usage information of a target object and render the target object by texturing the target object with the dynamic texture rendered based on the rendering level. The graphics processing apparatus includes at least one cache memory, and at least one processor configured to: perform geometry processing of a dynamic texture to be mapped onto a target object, determine a rendering level of the dynamic texture based on usage information of the target object obtained by the geometry processing of the target object, render the dynamic texture based on the determined rendering level, and render the target object by texturing the target object with the rendered dynamic texture.

Abstract: A method of performing tile-based rendering in a graphics processing apparatus may include: generating a bitstream representing a tile binning result by performing tile binning with initial tiles having initial sizes. A determining as to whether a primitive belonging to an initial tile additionally belongs to other initial tiles bordering the initial tile is made by using the generated bitstream. A determining of a rendering tile is made, in which the rendering tile has a dynamic size and is formed by at least one of the initial tiles that the primitive belongs to, based on a result of the determining of whether the primitive additionally belongs to the other initial tiles. Rendering is performed on the primitive included in the determined rendering tile by using the determined rendering tile.

Abstract: Provided is an organic electric element and an electronic device thereof, by using the mixture of the compounds as a phosphorescent host material, it is possible to achieve a high luminous efficiency and a low driving voltage of an organic electric element, and the life span of the device can be greatly improved.

Abstract: Provided are an image data processing method and apparatus for determining operations to be performed according to components to display a current pixel, determining pixel values according to the determined operations, and displaying the current pixel.

Abstract: A graphics processing apparatus and a method of executing instructions are disclosed where the method of executing an instruction includes receiving instructions, generating an output mask denoting a component that is output as a result of rendering, determining a common component included in an instruction mask and the output mask, and executing an instruction including the common component from among the instructions, wherein the instruction mask denotes a component that is affected by each of the instructions.

Abstract: A data processing method includes determining a variation of each of a plurality of channels corresponding to a plurality of pixels included in an image; determining a number of bits to assign to each of the plurality of channels based on the determined variation of each of the plurality of channels; assigning the determined numbers of bits to each of the plurality of channels; and compressing the plurality of channels based on the numbers of bits assigned to the plurality of channels, respectively.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic light-emitting element comprising a first sub-pixel, a second sub-pixel, and a third sub-pixel, which have different colors, the organic light-emitting element comprising: a substrate; a first electrode arranged on the substrate; a second electrode arranged on the first electrode so as to face the first electrode; an organic light-emitting layer arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic light-emitting layer comprising a first organic light-emitting layer arranged on the first sub-pixel, a second organic light-emitting layer arranged on the second sub-pixel, and a third organic light-emitting layer arranged on the third sub-pixel; a hole transport layer arranged between the first electrode and the organic light-emitting layer; and a light-emitting supplement layer arranged between the hole transport layer and the organic light-emitting layer, the light-emitting supplement layer comprising a first light-emitting supplement layer, which i

Abstract: Provided is a novel compound for EBL capable of improving the light emitting efficiency, stability and life span of a device, and an organic electric element and an electronic device using the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a laser-diode, liquid-crystal projector. In the present invention, a light source comprises a G laser diode emitting green light, a B laser diode emitting blue light, and an R laser diode emitting red light and provided such that a power application pin is positioned vertical to the power application pin of the G laser diode or B laser diode, and an optical structure appropriate therefor is proposed. According to the present invention, the directions of polarized lights of the R, G, and G light sources incident from an optical modulator formed from a liquid crystal can be consistent with each other by efficiently changing the arrangement of the pins of the laser diodes without using a separate complex optical element.

Abstract: Provided is a novel compound for EBL capable of improving the light emitting efficiency, stability and life span of a device, and an organic electric element and an electronic device using the same.

Abstract: A method produces a metal-organic framework on a surface of another metal-organic framework. One embodiment comprises contacting the first metal-organic framework with a ligand and solvent solution; wherein the first metal-organic framework comprises a first ligand and a first metal; wherein the ligand and solvent solution comprises a second ligand that is different from the first ligand in the first metal-organic framework; and allowing the second ligand from the ligand and solvent solution to exchange with the first ligand present in the first metal-organic framework for a period of time suitable to produce the second metal-organic framework on the surface of the first metal-organic framework.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an inhalation toxicity testing chamber device for nanoparticles having a plurality of concentrations. The present invention provides an inhalation toxicity testing chamber device for nanoparticles having a plurality of concentrations, which: can supply nanoparticles having different concentrations to particle exposure modules by stacking a plurality of particle exposure modules inside a single chamber housing and by allowing each particle exposure module so as to form an independent space from each other; can perform inhalation toxicity testing of nanoparticles having a plurality of concentrations through a single chamber housing by being capable of exposing the test animals put into each particle exposure module to nanoparticles having different concentrations; can easily perform inhalation toxicity tests of nanoparticles in a small scale laboratory etc.

Abstract: A rendering method includes determining, at a geometry processor, if a previous draw command from among previous draw commands is identical to a current draw command; in response to the previous draw command being identical to the current draw command, selecting a primitive list indicating a result of geometry processing performed on the previous draw command; and performing pixel processing using the primitive list.

Abstract: A cache memory system includes a cache memory, which stores cache data corresponding to portions of main data stored in a main memory and priority data respectively corresponding to the cache data; a table storage unit, which stores a priority table including information regarding access frequencies with respect to the main data; and a controller, which, when at least one from among the main data is requested, determines whether cache data corresponding to the request is stored in the cache memory, deletes one from among the cache data based on the priority data, and updates the cache data set with new data, wherein the priority data is determined based on the information regarding access frequencies.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an organic electric element and a display device using the same as a hole transport layer comprising a composition composed of two or more compounds having similar structures to improve luminous efficiency, stability and life span of an electric element, and an electronic device including the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an organic electric element and a display device using the same as a hole transport layer comprising a composition composed of two or more compounds having similar structures to improve luminous efficiency, stability and life span of an electric element, and an electronic device including the same.

Abstract: A method produces a metal-organic framework on a surface of another metal-organic framework. One embodiment comprises contacting the first metal-organic framework with a ligand and solvent solution; wherein the first metal-organic framework comprises a first ligand and a first metal; wherein the ligand and solvent solution comprises a second ligand that is different from the first ligand in the first metal-organic framework; and allowing the second ligand from the ligand and solvent solution to exchange with the first ligand present in the first metal-organic framework for a period of time suitable to produce the second metal-organic framework on the surface of the first metal-organic framework.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for rendering graphics data are provided. The graphics data rendering method includes calculating a number of overlapping objects by tile in a first frame. The graphics data rendering method determines a tile size of a second frame based on the calculated number of the overlapping objects, divides the second frame based on the determined tile size, and renders the second frame by divided tile.

Abstract: A non-blocking texture cache memory for a texture mapping pipeline and an operation method of the non-blocking texture cache memory may include: a retry buffer configured to temporarily store result data according to a hit pipeline or a miss pipeline; a retry buffer lookup unit configured to look up the retry buffer in response to a texture request transferred from a processor; a verification unit configured to verify whether result data corresponding to the texture request is stored in the retry buffer as the lookup result; and an output control unit configured to output the stored result data to the processor when the result data corresponding to the texture request is stored as the verification result.