Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an inverter driving device and an electric system which are capable of accurately detecting an offset amount of a current detection circuit that detects a motor current using a direct bus current, and compensating for the detected offset amount, to improve detection accuracy of the motor current and control the motor appropriately, without increasing the number of components of the inverter driving device.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner set, an image forming apparatus, and an image forming method include a developer toner and a replenishment toner. The developer toner and the replenishment toner each include toner particles, and silica particles and titania particles provided on the surfaces of the toner particles. The silica particles have a BET specific surface area of 15 to 95 m2/g and are surface-treated with a silicone oil. The relationship between the content of the silica particles of the developer toner and the content of the silica particles of the replenishment toner, and the relationship between the content of the titania particles of the developer toner and the content of the titania particles of the replenishment toner each have particular values.

Abstract: A magnetic position detection device includes two magnetic scales 1a, 1b on which N and S magnetic poles are disposed alternately, magnetism sensing element groups 2a, 2b for measuring variation in magnetic fields formed respectively by the magnetic scales 1a, 1b, and a position calculation device 3 for calculating absolute positions of magnetism sensing elements 21 on the magnetic scales 1a, 1b from output values output by the magnetism sensing elements 21, wherein a difference between the respective numbers of magnetic poles on the magnetic scales 1a, 1b is 2, and the magnetism sensing elements 21 are disposed such that arrangement intervals between the magnetism sensing elements 21 of the respective magnetism sensing element groups 2a, 2b each take a value obtained by dividing a length of one magnetic pole equally by the number of magnetism sensing elements 21.

Abstract: A magnetic position detection device configured to detect a relative movement position of a magnetic encoder, which includes N-magnetic poles and S-magnetic poles arranged alternately in a moving direction, by a magnetosensitive portion as a change in direction of a magnetic field from the encoder. As the magnetosensitive portion, direction detection type magnetoresistive elements are arranged, which each have a resistance value that changes depending on a direction of an applied magnetic field. The encoder further includes non-magnetized portions arranged at boundaries between the N-magnetic poles and the S-magnetic poles so that changes through the movement of the encoder of a magnetic-field component Bs in the moving direction of the encoder and a magnetic-field component Br in a direction in which the magnetosensitive portion and the encoder are opposed to each other, which are formed at a position of the magnetosensitive portion, are approximately sinusoidal.

Abstract: Certain embodiments provide a marking apparatus, which marks on media that is reusable by recording and erasing decolorable material, comprising a scanner configured to read media to which a first mark representing the reuse times of media is attached; a determination section configured to determine whether or not the media is reusable according to a reading result of the first mark or a use state of the media; and a recording section configured to print a second mark different from the first mark on the media according to a determination result representing that the media cannot be reused.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an electric power steering apparatus capable of improving reliability of a drive device for a three-phase synchronous motor without increasing a cost of the drive device. A control device for controlling an electric power steering apparatus according to the present invention is a control device for controlling an electric power steering apparatus using a three-phase synchronous motor as a force assisting in a steering operation, includes: a rotational position estimation unit that estimates a position of a rotor of the three-phase synchronous motor on the basis of a neutral point potential or a virtual neutral point potential of the three-phase synchronous motor; and a command signal computing unit that computes a command signal to the three-phase synchronous motor on the basis of the position of the rotor estimated by the rotational position estimation unit.

Abstract: In the drive device for a three-phase synchronous motor, if one of the two rotational position detectors is defective, it is necessary to identify the rotational position detector having abnormal output and is in the detective state. To do this, three or more rotational position detectors are required, which increases costs of the rotational position detectors. By comparing the outputs of two rotational position detectors, an abnormality of ether one of the two detectors is detected. The abnormal detector is identified with the use of rotational position estimating means. The drive of the three-phase synchronous motor is controlled with the use of the output ? of the properly functioning one of the first and second rotational position detectors.

Abstract: An infrared camera includes a lens unit including a lens and a lens barrel, a heater that is provided at the lens unit and heats the lens, an infrared image sensor that captures an image using infrared light focused by the lens, a chassis that is fixed to an external surface side of the lens barrel while being thermally insulated from the lens unit and contains the infrared image sensor, and a light-blocking member that is located between the lens barrel and the infrared image sensor inside the chassis as viewed in a direction of an optical axis of the lens and blocks infrared light radiated toward the infrared image sensor and coming without passing through the lens, thus reducing the influence of infrared light coming without passing through the lens on capturing of an image.

Abstract: It is possible to accurately estimate a starting current and calculate a precise starting minimum voltage without being influenced by a change in a storage battery state or a starting state by updating a current/voltage correlation characteristic corresponding to a deterioration state of a storage battery each time a current/voltage data set obtained when a starter is driven is newly stored in association with the deterioration state of the storage battery and by calculating the starting current corresponding to a present voltage immediately before start in accordance with the current/voltage correlation characteristic corresponding to the present deterioration state of the storage battery when determination is made as to whether or not to drive the starter.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, a color erasing apparatus comprises a conveyance path, a color erasing section and a control section. The conveyance path conveys a sheet. The color erasing section erases the color of an image formed with color erasable recording agent serving as recording agent containing coloring agent the color of which can be erased by heating. The control section carries out a control, in a case where the image formed on the sheet is not an image formed with the color erasable recording agent, so that the sheet is not subjected to a color erasing processing by the color erasing section.

Abstract: In a thermal infrared detector having trench structures, at least one sensor element is provided between the trench structures, an etching hole through which the sensor element is hollowed out and thereby thermally insulated is provided in a substrate rear surface or on the periphery of a pixel area, and an opening portion is provided below the pixel area.

Abstract: A magnetic position detection device includes two magnetic scales 1a, 1b on which N and S magnetic poles are disposed alternately, magnetism sensing element groups 2a, 2b for measuring variation in magnetic fields formed respectively by the magnetic scales 1a, 1b, and a position calculation device 3 for calculating absolute positions of magnetism sensing elements 21 on the magnetic scales 1a, 1b from output values output by the magnetism sensing elements 21, wherein a difference between the respective numbers of magnetic poles on the magnetic scales 1a, 1b is 2, and the magnetism sensing elements 21 are disposed such that arrangement intervals between the magnetism sensing elements 21 of the respective magnetism sensing element groups 2a, 2b each take a value obtained by dividing a length of one magnetic pole equally by the number of magnetism sensing elements 21.

Abstract: Provided is a decolorizable toner including a binder resin and colorant particles which contain a color developable compound, a color developing agent, and a decolorizing agent, and have a capsule structure coated with an outer shell, wherein the binder resin is contained in an amount of 60 to 80% by mass with respect to the total amount of the toner components.

Abstract: A magnetized scale (1a) in which magnetic pole pairs each formed of a first magnetic portion (11a) and a second magnetic portion (12a) having different magnetic properties are arranged with a period of a magnetic pole pair width 2?, and a magnetosensitive device (2) in which n magnetosensitive elements (21a to 21e) are arranged with a magnetosensitive element pitch P so that ?=nP may be established are arranged so as to be opposed to each other with a predetermined air gap therebetween. Output values output from the n magnetosensitive elements (21a to 21e) in parallel are analyzed to calculate a relative position between the magnetosensitive device (2) and the magnetized scale (1a) as a position detection resolution of ?/n.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a first image forming unit configured to form a first image to be transferred to a sheet with a non-decolorizable material, and a second image forming unit configured to form a second image to be transferred to the sheet with a decolorizable material. At least a part of the second image transferred to the sheet is formed on the first image transferred to the sheet.

Abstract: Certain embodiments provide a marking apparatus, which marks on media that is reusable by recording and erasing decolorable material, comprising a scanner configured to read media to which a first mark representing the reuse times of media is attached; a determination section configured to determine whether or not the media is reusable according to a reading result of the first mark or a use state of the media; and a recording section configured to print a second mark different from the first mark on the media according to a determination result representing that the media cannot be reused.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, a color erasing apparatus comprises a conveyance path, a color erasing section and a control section. The conveyance path conveys a sheet. The color erasing section erases the color of an image formed with color erasable recording agent serving as recording agent containing coloring agent the color of which can be erased by heating. The control section carries out a control, in a case where the image formed on the sheet is not an image formed with the color erasable recording agent, so that the sheet is not subjected to a color erasing processing by the color erasing section.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a first image forming unit configured to form a first image to be transferred to a sheet with a non-decolorizable material, and a second image forming unit configured to form a second image to be transferred to the sheet with a decolorizable material. At least a part of the second image transferred to the sheet is formed on the first image transferred to the sheet.

Abstract: A reversibly allochroic toner contains a binder resin and a colorant. The colorant reversibly switches between first and second color states in response to temperature changes. The colorant exhibits a hysteresis in a temperature-color state curve thereof in which the following relationships are satisfied. Tr<TL2<TL1<TH1<TH2<Tg TH2?50° C. 20° C.?Tr?30° C. where, TH1 is a temperature at which the colorant starts to change from the first color state to the second color state, TH2 is a temperature at which the colorant completely changes to the second color state, TL1 is a temperature at which the colorant starts to change from the second color state to the first color state, TL2 is a temperature at which the colorant completely changes to the first color state, and Tg is a glass transition temperature of the binder resin.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, a color erasing apparatus comprises a conveyance path, a color erasing section and a control section. The conveyance path conveys a sheet. The color erasing section erases the color of an image formed with color erasable recording agent serving as recording agent containing coloring agent the color of which can be erased by heating. The control section carries out a control, in a case where the image formed on the sheet is not an image formed with the color erasable recording agent, so that the sheet is not subjected to a color erasing processing by the color erasing section.