Abstract: A thin-film solar cell manufacturing apparatus, includes: a film formation space in which a substrate is disposed so that a film formation face of the substrate is substantially parallel to a direction of gravitational force, and in which a desired film is formed on the film formation face by a CVD method; a cathode unit including cathodes to which a voltage is applied, and two or more power feeding points, the cathodes being disposed at both sides of the cathode unit; and an anode distantly disposed so as to face the cathodes that are disposed at both sides of the cathode unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a thin film solar cell of the present invention includes a film forming chamber in which a film is formed on a film formation face of a substrate using a CVD method; an electrode unit including a cathode unit having cathodes to which voltages are to be applied arranged on both sides thereof, and a pair of anodes each of which is arranged to face a different one of the cathodes, at a separation distance therefrom; a mask for covering a peripheral edge portion of the substrate; and a discharge duct installed around the cathode unit. A film formation space is formed between the cathode unit and the substrate installed on the side of the anode, an evacuation passage is formed between the mask and the cathode unit, the discharge duct and the film formation space are connected together via the evacuation passage, and a film forming gas introduced into the film formation space is evacuated from the discharge duct through the evacuation passage.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode comprising a pair of electrodes and a stack including a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, and an electron transport layer, the stack being intermediate between the electrodes, the light emitting layer being of a material having hole mobility and electron mobility equal to or lower than hole mobility of the hole transport layer and electron mobility of the electron transport layer, respectively.

Abstract: To provide an electroluminescent device excellent in color rendition, the electroluminescent device has at least two luminescent local maxima in a visible range, the at least two luminescent local maxima including a first luminescent local maximum and a second luminescent local maximum, the first and second luminescent local maxima have the two largest values of the at least two luminescent local maxima, wherein the electroluminescent device has the first luminescent local maximum in a range of from 450 to 530 nm, and the electroluminescent device has the second local luminescent local maximum in a range of 605 nm or more.

Abstract: Applying a magnetic field that varies like a single pulse from a start magnetic field to a maximum transfer magnetic field and then to an end magnetic field to a stacked body of a magnetic transfer master carrier and a perpendicular magnetic recording medium such that the time from the start magnetic field to the end magnetic field does not exceed 100 ms. The master carrier has a transfer pattern of multiple fine elements. Each element has a planar shape formed of a plurality of rectangles, each having two sides parallel to a circumferential tangent line and two sides forming an angle of 90±5° with the circumferential tangent line, arranged continuously in a track width direction. A side of the planar shape of each element intersecting the circumferential tangent line has an effective inclination corresponding to a skew angle of the read/write head.

Abstract: A circular surface of a magnet is magnetized to an N-pole, and a back surface is magnetized to an S-pole. A detection unit moves in an X-Y plane at a position apart from the surface of the magnet. An X-direction detection element and a Y-direction detection element are installed in the detection unit. Both the X-direction detection element and the Y-direction detection element are magnetoresistive effect elements each having the bias magnetic field in a B-direction applied to a free magnetic layer directed perpendicular to the surface of the magnet. Each bias magnetic field is stabilized both in the X-direction detection element and the Y-direction detection element such that the detection unit accurately provides position detection output values in the X- and Y-directions.

Abstract: The light-emitting element emits light itself. The element includes a light-emitting portion having a higher refractive index than a refractive index of air and a diffraction grating structure provided to a light-emitting side surface of the light-emitting portion. The function that a minimum light-emission value is equal to or less than 50% of a maximum light-emission value when white light is emitted from the light-emitting portion is realized.

Abstract: A circular surface of a magnet is magnetized to an N-pole, and a back surface is magnetized to an S-pole. A detection unit moves in an X-Y plane at a position apart from the surface of the magnet. An X-direction detection element and a Y-direction detection element are installed in the detection unit. Both the X-direction detection element and the Y-direction detection element are magnetoresistive effect elements each having the bias magnetic field in a B-direction applied to a free magnetic layer directed perpendicular to the surface of the magnet. Each bias magnetic field is stabilized both in the X-direction detection element and the Y-direction detection element such that the detection unit accurately provides position detection output values in the X- and Y-directions.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode comprising a pair of electrodes and a stack including a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, and an electron transport layer, the stack being intermediate between the electrodes, the light emitting layer being of a material having hole mobility and electron mobility equal to or lower than hole mobility of the hole transport layer and electron mobility of the electron transport layer, respectively.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode comprising a pair of electrodes and a stack including a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, and an electron transport layer, the stack being intermediate between the electrodes, the light emitting layer being of a material having hole mobility and electron mobility equal to or lower than hole mobility of the hole transport layer and electron mobility of the electron transport layer, respectively.

Abstract: An infrared shielding filter with high heat resistance and transparency realizing an enhanced infrared shielding effect. There is provided an infrared shielding filter comprising, in a dispersion state, microparticles having a negative dielectric constant real part, especially, metal microparticles and/or metal compound microparticles.

Abstract: A circular top surface of a magnet is magnetized to the N-pole, and a back surface thereof is magnetized to the S-pole. A detector moves within the X-Y plane at positions located away from the top surface of the magnet. A pair of X-direction detecting elements and a pair of the Y-direction detecting elements are provided in the detector. In the X-direction detecting elements, the directions of a bias magnetic field provided to free magnetic layers are opposite to each other. When the detector moves in the Y direction, a decrease in the sensitivity of one of the X-direction detecting elements is compensated for by an improvement in the sensitivity of the other element. This also applies to the Y-direction detecting elements. Accordingly, position detection outputs of the X direction and the Y direction can be accurately obtained from the detector.

Abstract: Disclosed is a position detecting device provided with a magnetoresistive element that can accurately detect a position using a magnet and a detector that moves opposite to the magnet. A front surface of a magnet having a circular shape is magnetized to the N-pole, and a rear surface thereof is magnetized to the S-pole. A detector moves in the X-Y plane at a position that is spaced from the front surface of the magnet. The detector is provided with an X direction detecting element and a Y direction detecting element. The X direction detecting element and the Y direction detecting element are magnetoresistive elements. The front surface of the magnet is tapered such that the center thereof protrudes.

Abstract: The anti-reflection film has reflectance minimums in at least prime colors. The reflective display medium has the reflectance minimums in at least the prime colors. The light emitting display medium has the reflectance minimums in at least the prime colors, and having light emission maximums in the prime colors. The organic EL device has the light emission maximums in the prime colors. The liquid crystal monitor has the reflectance minimums in at least the prime colors, and uses as a supplemental light source the organic EL device.

Abstract: Color correction matrix determining method and apparatus and image photographing method and apparatus are used in a color processing system that converts input image data into output image data and has two color correction matrixes that are a first matrix and a second matrix, with a white balance correction circuit being sandwiched between the first matrix and the second matrix. The color correction matrix determining method and apparatus input a light source range and determines the first matrix based on this inputted light source range on the occasion of determining the color correction matrix in the color processing system. The image photographing method and apparatus discriminates a photographing light source range and determines the first matrix based on the discriminated photographing light source range.

Abstract: The brightness of image data is previously defined based on the R, G, and B values of each pixel. In an image considered to have been exposed appropriately by a conventional method, when the brightness histogram for the defined image is computed, pixels having the maximum value in the definition of brightness always occupy a predetermined rate (1% or so) of all pixels. Based on this rule of thumb, the gain of an image acquisition device or the pixel value of acquired data is adjusted so that a brightness histogram (3) for image data which is an object of adjustment becomes a histogram (4) having the same characteristic as the above-mentioned appropriately exposed image.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode comprising a pair of electrodes and a stack including a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, and an electron transport layer, the stack being intermediate between the electrodes, the light emitting layer being of a material having hole mobility and electron mobility equal to or lower than hole mobility of the hole transport layer and electron mobility of the electron transport layer, respectively.

Abstract: A method for adjusting image brightness is conducted by a system for adjusting image brightness. Digital image data acquired by a data acquisition unit are sent to a lightness computing unit and a color saturation computing unit that compute the lightness L and the color saturation C for every pixel and sends the computed values to a mean value computing unit. The mean value computing unit weights the lightness L by the color saturation C and computes weighted mean values Lm of the lightnesses L. A converter 5 converts the R, G, B color signal components constituting the digital image data S to make the weighted mean values Lm desired values.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent element comprising a transparent substrate and at least one organic layer containing a light-emitting layer between a pair of electrodes, wherein the transparent substrate is placed as the light output face of the element, a prism structure consisting of a prism pattern containing a medium having a refractive index of n1 and a prism pattern containing a medium having a refractive index of n2 are formed in that order from the side closer to the light-emitting layer between the transparent substrate and the electrode on the light output face of the organic layer, the ratio (n1/n2) is 1.5 or more, and the distance between the prism-side surface of the light-emitting layer and the bottom plane of the prisms is 100 ?m or less organic electroluminescent element, and a method of manufacturing the organic electroluminescent element.

Abstract: To provide an electroluminescent device excellent in color rendition, the electroluminescent device has at least two luminescent local maxima in a visible range, the at least two luminescent local maxima including a first luminescent local maximum and a second luminescent local maximum, the first and second luminescent local maxima have the two largest values of the at least two luminescent local maxima, wherein the electroluminescent device has the first luminescent local maximum in a range of from 450 to 530 nm, and the electroluminescent device has the second local luminescent local maximum in a range of 605 nm or more.