Abstract: A display element for displaying full colors, having two colored layers including an upper colored layer and a lower colored layer which are laminated with each other, wherein the upper colored layer has two upper colored regions which are arranged optically in parallel to each other, the upper colored regions each containing a dye to display a different hue, and the lower colored layer has two lower colored regions which are arranged optically in parallel to each other, the lower colored regions each containing a dye to display a different hue.

Abstract: There is provided a method outputting multi-band image data, including the steps of obtaining a spectral waveform per pixel of an image photographed by a multi-band camera; performing conversion of the thus obtained spectral waveform per pixel into control signals corresponding to a plurality of image reproduction processes, for outputting to an image outputting machine; and obtaining a final control signal synthesizing the plurality of control signals. There is also provided an apparatus for implementing the above method. The image reproduction processes can be consecutively switched in accordance with the purpose of the image reproduction, whereupon the image can be outputted in the image reproduction process suited most to the purpose for reproducing the color with a higher priority given to which factor, the coincidence of the visual appearance between the original image and the duplicate image or the stability of visual appearance.

Abstract: Color correction and density correction are performed on an image without changing the gradation of an image. When color correction and density correction are performed on image data whose values for each R, G, B component color (each channel) of each pixel are coded according to predetermined characteristics, the image data is sampled and correction values are calculated. The image data is then converted (104) to image receptor reflectivity data (r, g, b) (converted to values whose relationship with the light intensity values of each pixel is linear). The image data is then further converted to tristimulus values data (X, Y, Z) and color correction and density correction are carried out. The tristimulus values data after correction (X?, Y?, Z?) is then converted to image receptor reflectivity data (r?, g?, b?) and then to image data (R?, G?, B?). Accordingly, color and density corrected image data can be obtained without the gradation of the image being changed.

Abstract: The light emitting device includes a light emitting portion having a larger refraction index than air, and a medium which is provided on a light extraction surface extracting light from the light emitting portion and which has different haze ratios depending on a light incident angle, wherein a haze ratio is defined as follows: the haze ratio=(scattered light transmission factor/total light transmission factor)×100 (%), or =(scattered light transmission factor/(scattered light transmission factor+parallel light transmission factor))×100 (%). The light emitting device improves the light extraction efficiency from the light emitting device.

Abstract: The color light-sensitive material has at least four light-sensitive layers of different spectral sensitivity waveforms in a visible range, with a covariance between spectral sensitivities of at least four light-sensitive layers being no more than 0.5, and at least four light-sensitive layers, after development processing; being colored with color materials having different spectral absorption waveforms. The image processing method and apparatus expose and develop the color light-sensitive material described above to form an image, allow the image formed on the color light-sensitive material to be entered by an image input device having at least four light-sensitive portions of different spectral sensitivity waveforms and perform color transformation with an image converting unit on an input image obtained by entering.

Abstract: A light emitting diode comprising: a pair of electrodes; and a light emitting layer interposed between the pair of electrodes, wherein the light emitting layer has a light emitting region containing a luminescent material and having a higher refractive index than air and a low refractive region having a lower refractive index than the light emitting region, and at least part of an interface between the light emitting region and the low refractive region is unparallel to a plane of the electrodes.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode comprising: a substrate; a transparent electrode; at least two organic layers including a light emitting layer and an electron transporting layer: and a back electrode, wherein a thickness of the electron transporting layer is 60 nm or greater, and a total thickness of the electron transporting layer and the light emitting layer is 90 nm or smaller.

Abstract: A white balance compensation method enabling highly accurate image white balance compensation is conducted by a white balance compensation system. Digital image data acquired by a data acquisition unit is sent to a mean value computing unit that effects a computation on color signals B, G and R which are n-th powers of incident light intensity to calculate mean values Bm, Gm and Rm thereof as: Bm=((&Sgr;Bp/n)/M)n/p Gm=((&Sgr;Gp/n)/M)n/p Rm=((&Sgr;Rp/n)/M)n/p where p is a coefficient of the power n falling in the range of 0.5≦p≦1.5, preferably in the range of 1.0≦p≦1.5. The mean values Bm, Gm and Rm are sent to a conversion means that converts the color signals so as to make two of the mean values other than a selected one coincide with the selected mean value, thereby enabling reproduction of a white-balance compensated image free of color failure.

Abstract: The color light-sensitive material has at least four light-sensitive layers of different spectral sensitivity waveforms in a visible range, with a covariance between spectral sensitivities of at least four light-sensitive layers being no more than 0.5, and at least four light-sensitive layers, after development processing; being colored with color materials having different spectral absorption waveforms. The image processing method and apparatus expose and develop the color light-sensitive material described above to form an image, allow the image formed on the color light-sensitive material to be entered by an image input device having at least four light-sensitive portions of different spectral sensitivity waveforms and perform color transformation with an image converting unit on an input image obtained by entering.

Abstract: The light-emitting element emits light itself. The element includes a light-emitting portion having a higher refractive index than a refractive index of air and a diffraction grating structure provided to a light-emitting side surface of the light-emitting portion. The function that a minimum light-emission value is equal to or less than 50% of a maximum light-emission value when white light is emitted from the light-emitting portion is realized.

Abstract: An image correcting method corrects the density and color of an image. The method determines, from an original color image, first image data including higher spatial frequency components of the original color image and second image data in which the high frequency component is removed or reduced. Color correction is performed on the original color image by using the first image data. Density correction is performed on the original color image by using the second image data. Thus, it is possible to perform the color correction and density correction with accuracy all of the time.

Abstract: The anti-reflection film has reflectance minimums in at least prime colors. The reflective display medium has the reflectance minimums in at least the prime colors. The light emitting display medium has the reflectance minimums in at least the prime colors, and having light emission maximums in the prime colors. The organic EL device has the light emission maximums in the prime colors. The liquid crystal monitor has the reflectance minimums in at least the prime colors, and uses as a supplemental light source the organic EL device.

Abstract: The color light-sensitive material has at least four light-sensitive layers of different spectral sensitivity waveforms in a visible range, with a covariance between spectral sensitivities of at least four light-sensitive layers being no more than 0.5, and at least four light-sensitive layers, after development processing, being colored with color materials having different spectral absorption waveforms. The image processing method and apparatus expose and develop the color light-sensitive material described above to form an image, allow the image formed on the color light-sensitive material to be entered by an image input device having at least four light-sensitive portions of different spectral sensitivity waveforms and perform color transformation with an image converting unit on an input image obtained by entering.

Abstract: The color light-sensitive material has at least four light-sensitive layers of different spectral sensitivity waveforms in a visible range, with a covariance between spectral sensitivities of at least four light-sensitive layers being no more than 0.5, and at least four light-sensitive layers, after development processing, being colored with color materials having different spectral absorption waveforms. The image processing method and apparatus expose and develop the color light-sensitive material described above to form an image, allow the image formed on the color light-sensitive material to be entered by an image input device having at least four light-sensitive portions of different spectral sensitivity waveforms and perform color transformation with an image converting unit on an input image obtained by entering.

Abstract: The light emitting device includes a light emitting portion having a larger refraction index than air, and a medium which is provided on a light extraction surface extracting light from the light emitting portion and which has different haze ratios depending on a light incident angle, wherein a haze ratio is defined as follows:

Abstract: An image correcting method includes the steps of: determining, from a original color image, first image data including higher spatial frequency components of the original color image and second image data in which the high frequency component is removed or reduced; performing color correction on the original color image by using the first image data; and performing density correction on the original color image by using the second image data. Thus, it is possible to perform the color correction and density correction with high accuracy all the time.

Abstract: Color correction matrix determining method and apparatus and image photographing method and apparatus are used in a color processing system that converts input image data into output image data and has two color correction matrixes that are a first matrix and a second matrix, with a white balance correction circuit being sandwiched between the first matrix and the second matrix. The color correction matrix determining method and apparatus input a light source range and determines the first matrix based on this inputted light source range on the occasion of determining the color correction matrix in the color processing system. The image photographing method and apparatus discriminates a photographing light source range and determines the first matrix based on the discriminated photographing light source range.

Abstract: The image capturing method and apparatus capture an image of a subject with an image capturing device using image capturing optics and subject an image capturing signal from the image napturing device to specified processing schemes including a color separating process, thereby producing an image signal. The method and apparatus determine whether sensitivity of the image capturing device is insufficient or not during image capturing; when the sensitivity of the image capturing device is insufficient, relatively increase at least one of an overlapping region of spectral sensitivity of the image capturing device and intensity of the color separation process; and when the sensitivity of the image capturing device is sufficient, relatively decrease at least one of the overlapping region of the spectral sensitivity of the image capturing device and the intensity of the color separating process.

Abstract: The improved color transformation method comprises determining for each pixel a lightness component specified between a maximum and a minimum value for three signals and chromaticity components obtained by excluding the lightness component from the three signals, amplifying or attenuating the thus obtained chromaticity components in accordance with the three signals and adding them to the lightness component amplified or attenuated in accordance with the three signals. Even if the input original image is a subject, a transmission original hardcopy image, a reflection original softcopy image or an original softcopy image, one can create a reproduced hardcopy image such as a reflective print which is extremely faithful to the input original image or, alternatively, one can provide a monitor display of a reproduced image (a reproduced soft copy image) which is also extremely faithful to the input original image. The processing system is very simple and permits realtime execution.

Abstract: Halftone-dot area percentage data generated from an image document for at least three plates including three primaries are converted into respective bit map data with referring to respective threshold matrix. The bit map data are simultaneously referred to with respect to each of the pixels of a color printer which is to output a color proof, and thereby the area percentages are counted. Then, predetermined colorimetric data of the respective colors are processed by the area percentages as weighting coefficients, and the average tristimulus value data are calculated. The calculated tristimulus value data are used as pixel data of input image data of the color printer.